Ubuso ezininzi molybdenum isetyenziswa apho, iimpawu, indima zebhayoloji emzimbeni womntu

Chemistry sisiseko ubomi bethu. Zonke izinto zasendlini yenziwe etafileni elements uxhulumaniso lwezakhi. Wonke umzuzu abantu abafumana utshintshwano ezintsonkothileyo ebandakanya imichiza. Kweli nqaku uza kufunda malunga nentsimbi ezifana molybdenum apho kufanelekileyo, iimpahla zazo kunye nendima emzimbeni womntu.

Siye lokumba kwimbali

LeZimbiwa ukuba kumafa zalo molybdenum, ayaziwa Greece yamandulo. Abo ezintweni zemvelo abe isakhiwo efanayo mifanekiso. Ngoko ke idla ngokusetyenziswa kunye naye ukwakha akhokele. Molybdenite MoS₂ waba ithinti ezingwevu-eluhlaza xa ngokubhala ephepheni. Le ayenechaphothi uphawu molybdaena igama lakhe wanikwa - ". Njengelothe"

Carl UWilhelm Scheele zaphengululwa apho kuhlanganiswa trioxide MoO₃, kodwa ngenxa yokunqongophala ezikweni efanelekileyo akakwazi kwakhona metal ngohlobo ecocekileyo. Yonsu Jakob Berzelius laphumelela kunyaka 1817 ukufumana molybdenum oxide sisindiswe kungekhona amalahle hydrogen. element Synthetic uye wafunda ngononophelo kwaye ochazwe imisebenzi sisazinzulu.

iipropati ngokomzimba

Yintoni molybdenum? Le metal gray kukhanya kwimo yayo enyulu iyamelana igcwala (phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo). Nge lobushushu ukunyuka ukuya degrees 400-600, le ikhono sinciphile kwaye kwasekwa MoO₃ trioxide.

Molybdenum kovok ductile kwaye lula xa ukhula omgunyathi. Metal Density 10.2 g / ^cm3, indawo yokunyibilika 2620 ⁰S abilayo - 4800 ⁰S. Ukusuka kwezi manani kucacile ukuba kakhulu tugoplavok. Ubukho carbon, nitrogen okanye nesulfure ubumdaka kuchaphazela iipropati elibonakalayo, ingakumbi, izinto uba ethe kunye krobo. Molybdenum is paramagnetic. Ngenxa yokwanda amandla alo ubushushu inyuswe kakhulu.

compound molybdenum Natural, ukufumana

Kufuneka ukuba molybdenum abuyi kufunyanwa ngendlela esulungekileyo, oko ekhona indalo kuphela iikhompawundi kunye nezinye izinto. isiqulatho metal ngumzekelo kwesikhoko 3 ∙ 10 ^-4%. Kukho malunga nama-15 izimbiwa, apho ixhaphake kakhulu zezi:

• disulfide mos ₂ - molybdenite;
• CaMoO ₄ - powellite;
• PbMoO ₄ - wulfenite.

ukuba amasimi Main ezi zihlanganisi ezinxulumene ngokusondeleyo iinkqubo nokufumba ngemithombo kolwandle.

Xa iinjongo zoshishino atsalwa molybdenum disulfide element. isicelo sayo kubaluleke kakhulu zokufumana metal ecocekileyo. Oku kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa zophuculo ekrwada yi ayinto. Ngoko ndizuze mxube, nto leyo kamva phantsi calcination.

2MoS ₂ + 7O ₂ = 2MoO ₃ + 4Le nto uThixo uyenzele ₂

An oxide ekwanti lingadlulanga lifinyele omile hydrogen umlambo kubushushu degrees 700. Le mveliso abasabela ngayo a ngumgubo molybdenum. Kwixesha elizayo ukuze zisetyenziswe ngendlela esulungekileyo okanye izinto akha amanqaku nomnombo nokubunjwa.

Ukuveliswa ingxubevange intsimbi

Acace insimbi usebenzisa iziyobisi molybdenum umgubo. yayisebenzisa Uphi na? Ngenxa alloying yodidi kunye ngeentsimbi cast. Ukudibanisa lwesi sakhi kwi aluminiyamu kakhulu kuphucula umgangatho wabo. luthambe Ukwanda, ukumelana lingonakali, ukuxhathisa impembelelo. I zokwakha idityaniswa malunga 0.5% molybdenum, nomnikelo ecikizekileyo uba uniform ngakumbi ngalo isakhiwo zabo, kunciphise brittleness imveliso yokugqibela.

Ukongeza ezinye izinto ivumela ukufumana Ukuqamba ezizodwa ezisetyenziswa kakhulu mveliso eyahlukeneyo. Aluminiyamu, eziquka ayibe kunye nickel (50-60%) kunye chromium (malunga ne-20-28%) liyahlonyelwa doped ngokudibanisa molybdenum. iyasetyenziswa Apho izinto ezinjalo? Impendulo siyifumana ngeempawu zayo ezikhethekileyo - ukuxhathisa ubushushu eliphezulu. Oku kusetyenziswa ekwenziweni amacandelwana moya kunye imizili istili.

Ukusetyenziswa aluminiyamu ne molybdenum

Ngokudibanisa molybdenum ukuya ukrweco, titanium kunye nezinye zesinyithi kwandisa ultra ukunganyangeki ubushushu ingxubevange. Le ukwakheka ingasetyenziswa ukudala iindawo turbines igesi kunye namagumbi yokutsha in irula.

Xa aluminiyamu kunye isixa esikhulu molybdenum (17-28%) inyuke nokumelana. Bangazi nokuba intsebenziswano uyoyika nayo nayiphi acid (ngaphandle HF).

Iimpawu eliyinjubaqa of molybdenum nokusetyenziswa kwayo ekudaleni imibhobho ezizodwa zibaluleke kakhulu kwishishini ngamandla enyukliya. iimveliso ezifana bekwazi withstanding Lithium otyhidiweyo. Iqhuba indima njengesipholisi kwi zamandla uranium. Ngaphandle koko, le molybdenum kwi Isotope Mo-99 bafumana isicelo njengoko ngesalathisi kushishino yenyukliya.

Ngenxa infusibility molybdenum kulowo ukudala ababu- iinxalenye ekubunjweni ezenziwe ngobhedu, aluminiyam zinc. Amandla metal eliphezulu yenza iinkqubo phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu.

Enzuzweni Ukuhlukunyezwa, isicelo

Ukususela okusilelayo afunyenwe eyenzeke umgubo, ukuvelisa iimveliso ezityikitywe - iintonga kunye ngocingo. Ziqulethe uluhlu esulungekileyo molybdenum metal enelungelo. Apho ezinjalo iimveliso zisetyenziswa? Amaninzi asisetyenziswa ekwenziweni thermocouples okusetyenziselwa kwamaqondo yokulinganisa engange 2000 ⁰C. Amagwegwe kunye umphakathi ukuba ngokubhijela Tungsten olulingana kwi ziqhelekileyo zigqengezelayo kwakhona yenziwe wire molybdenum. Ukufakelwa le cathodes kwaye i electrode ugxininisa kwi kwimibhobho X-reyi kwaye neetyhubhu adala kufuneka ezithembekileyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno etyhidiweyo eliphezulu eliyinjubaqa. Ukuze ezi njongo, ezilungele ngokugqibeleleyo irente molybdenum.

Kweentonga ezo neepleyiti ezisetyenziswa endaweni electrode kwi yamaziko aphezulu-zavuleka. Kufuneka ibekwe kwindawo medium ekhethekileyo equlathe argon, hydrogen, okanye cleaner. Ngenxa yokuba molybdenum akuthethi ngenisa iglasi ekudibaneni kwemichiza, lisetyenziswa Manufacturing iindawo melter.

Izicelo kwamanye amashishini

Molybdenum ifumene isicelo kwishishini oyile. Apho usetyenziswa njengesixhobo nako nyulu iimveliso ezivela ukungcola nesalfure. izithambiso aluminium-based eyenziweyo disulfide. Ukuba kuzinziswe ukusebenza izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kwaye akhusele umphezulu nxamnye umonakalo kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu. It has a igrisi kunye neempawu anticorrosive.

Ekwenziweni Iipeyinti, apho lisetyenziswa kunye oxides molybdenum, wafumana ngombala gqolo shades etyheli--orenji. Yindibanisela imicu ngumntu sidlula ngaphandle kweziyobisi. Ukuze ukwandisa isiqulatho nitrogen komhlaba kusetyenziswa microfertilizer, ezibandakanya molybdenum.

Indima molybdenum emzimbeni

Molybdenum unikwa indima ebalulekileyo emzimbeni womntu. Ibandakanya kwi Yindibanisela haemoglobin, nitrogen kunye purine ukutya. Linoxanduva ukufunxeka zentsimbi kunye vitamin C, a antioxidant enamandla. Microelement uye onkoprotektornyh, isiphumo ekuvuseleleni.

Foods isityebi molybdenum - kuba mbotyi kunye nokutya okuziinkozo, imifuno eluhlaza. Imali efunekayo sakhi engena umzimba yonke imihla, ukuba nidle okulungileyo. nokusilela unokuhluthiswa kusetyenziswa nezakhiwo kwizimbiwa.