Ucalulo lwezikhamiso. inkcazo izandi zamazwi

Ulwimi - isipho esihle ngokwenene ebantwini. Esi sixhobo unxibelelwano egqibeleleyo ibe izixhobo nzima inkqubo kweeyunithi zeelwimi. Ngokwemveli, kuba ukufunda ulwimi, jonga ukuba ifonetiki - icandelo le Ezolimi, isifundo kuzo izandi zentetho kunye, ngakumbi ngokukodwa, ukuhlelwa izikhamiso consonants.

izandi zamazwi

Izandi zamazwi yenzelwe ukufunda izandi zentetho. It ubambe isikhundla esikhethekileyo, nto leyo umiselwa ukuba umbandela nokufunda kwakhe - iiyunithi zolwimi nendalo eziphathekayo. Yixina intetho kwakhiwa imizimba zentetho kunye nomoya intlokoma zabantu. Yixina umbono intetho kwenzeka ezindlebeni zabantu.

ukuba izandi zamazwi kuthethwa unit ubuncinane ulwimi - oluthethwayo. Loo inani olungenasiphelo izandi. Emva kokuba uthetha nabo ngendlela yabo. Kodwa zingahlukaniswa phakathi kweli ezahlukeneyo zezi izandi ukuba kugqame ngendlela efanayo. Indlela wemfundo - isiseko ukuhlelwa izandi.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba ifonetiki ukufunda, - Ulwahlulo lwezikhamiso kunye consonants. Articulatory kunye ive izandi zentetho Sima izikhamiso consonants. Izikhamiso ukunikeza it melodiousness. Consonants - ingxolo.

Xa umoya ovela emiphungeni ngokusebenzisa imisipha kunye umlomo ngokukhululekileyo kwakhiwa izandi, ebizwa izikhamiso. Ahluke iintshukumo kuphela ukuncwasa angamakhulu ngolwimi nemilebe.

Kodwa ngokutsho izandi iveliswa xa umoya uleyisayo imiqobo endleleni yayo. Ziqulethe iindudumo ingxolo okanye ingxolo nje. iindlela ezahlukeneyo zemfundo kwaye woyise le miqobo kwenza kube lula ukwahlula consonants omnye komnye. Ezi mahluko into Ukuhlelwa ezisekelwe lwezikhamiso / consonants ngolwimi Russian. imigaqo yayo kuya kuxoxwa ngakumbi.

icandelo izandi zamazwi na Ezolimi, zokucacisa apho bafunda kunye neempawu ive zentetho izandi. Sokuthetha Ifonetiki lijongana isifundo endalo yokwakheka kunye nokomzimba of isandi kunye neendlela zayo kwimveliso. Acoustic Ifonetiki uphonononga isandi njengoko isindululo vibrational, zenziwa njengoko udlula imisipha kunye emlonyeni. Izifundo zophononongo lwe nefonetiki ive kukho ukuphakama, amandla, ubude kunye ilizwi.

Ukuhlelwa ive lwezikhamiso

Nolwazi Ifonetiki ngokuqhelekileyo siqala ukufunda noonone izandi. Siza baphambuke izithethe ngenxa intsingiselo yayo. They are syllabic. Consonants ezikufutshane ngesikhamiso.

Yintoni ukuhlelwa izikhamiso consonants ziya kuba isifundo ingqalelo zethu isifundo lwezikhamiso kwindawo yokuqala?

Okokuqala, cinga iimpawu ive lwezikhamiso:

• Zonke ezi zandi akhiwa ngokusebenzisa lalinjani ilizwi;
• luphawulwa ndixinezelekile kwaye unstressed, oko kukuthi, kukho amandla kunye nobuthathaka;
• izikhamiso ezibuthathaka bakubethe elifutshane, xa ingafuneki itsho zizame imisipha;
• izikhamiso olunamandla pronunciation elide ngakumbi kwaye ntshikilelo imisipha.

Nangezwi lwezikhamiso akukho iimpawu olwahlukileyo. Kunokuba igciwane kuphela imeko ngokweemvakalelo yesithethi okanye ingqiqo zegrama. Umzekelo, kwisivakalisi zogxininiso ngethoni ephezulu libizwe bezikhamiso kwi ilizwi ekwenzeni intsingiselo mkhulu.

izandi buthathaka kwaye ezimfutshane ekuthiwa unstressed Russian. Ukuqina yaye abaninzi nokothuka. Kugxininiswa ngolwimi lwethu unfastened kwaye iyenza umsebenzi-ntetho: ekhaya (U h ..), Amakhaya (isininzi ..). Maxa wambi uxinezeleko Inqaba hlukile (isakhiwo), Castle (ukuba isixhobo silungele itshixa umnyango).

Ucalulo lwezikhamiso lweempawu articulatory. izikhamiso Labial / neogublennye

Sokuthetha nokubekwa lwezikhamiso kuba banzi kakhulu kwisithethi. Ukongeza ilizwi, bakha imilebe, ulwimi kunye umhlathi. Umsindo eyenziwe ngendlela ethile, kwaye zibandakanya ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• ezibandakanya imilebe kwi nokubunjwa kwayo;
• ulwimi lift degree;
• ulwimi intshukumo oxwesileyo em- ngomlomo.

Izikhamiso nga lisekwa a wolule komlomo ke kuthiwa labial, (labialized). Ukuba imilebe akukho ababandakanyekayo ukuyilwa kwento isikhamiso, ibizwa ngokuba neogublennym (nelabializovannye).

izikhamiso Labial akhiwa ewayo ohlanganisa phambili kunye nezinye umlomo ngamnye. Umoya udlula isithuba elimxinwa ezenziwa ityhubhu elisongiweyo imilebe, kwisisu ngomlomo elide. The degree of labial yahlukile: izikhamiso [a] abambalwa, kwaye lwesikhamiso [y] iphawulwa iqondo elikhulu labial. Ezinye izikhamiso ezi neogublennymi, ie nelabializovannymi.

Izikhamiso kwi iqondo iintshukumo nkqo yolwimi, oko kukuthi, kuphakanyiswe ngesandi sovuyo

Njani ukuba banyukele ulwimi esibhakabhakeni, izikhamiso zezi:

• lift Upper. Ikhala [kwaye] [s] [y]. Bona lamiswa xa ulwimi uvuka phezulu kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ezi izandi kuthiwa elimxinwa ngakumbi.
  
• caca Medium - kuvakala [e], [o]. Xa imfundo yabo ulwimi uwela kancinane kwimfundo yangaphambili.
  
• Lift ephantsi - isandi [a]. Oveliswa kwi ulwimi iphantsi kunokwenzeka base-. Le isandi ukwabizwa ngokuba ebanzi.
  

Okuya kusiba ukunyuka, amaga avule umlomo wakhe umhlathi asezantsi tsakisi.

Izikhamiso phezu iintshukumo tyaba ulwimi

Izikhamiso phezu iintshukumo tyaba ulwimi emlonyeni, kakhulu, yahlulwe ngokwamaqela amathathu:

• umqolo Front - kuvakala [kwaye] [e]. Xa ayinxalenye ngaphambili ulwimi kuyimfuneko ekukhuliseni phambi inkalakahla.
• umqolo eliphakathi - kuvakala [a], [s]. Xa imfundo yabo kuvuswa ongaphakathi ulwimi inxalenye phakathi kwinkalakahla.
• ngasemva - [y], [o]. Ngexesha ukubunjwa emva kwabo ulwimi ephakanyiswe ukuya ngasemva ePalatine.

Xa uhlobo nolahlo ngokubanzi zohlelo lwezikhamiso kubonakaliswe unxantathu lwezikhamiso. It ungabona kumfanekiso ngezantsi.

Izibuko lwezikhamiso

Division for inani uyaziphakamisa kwaye ayingqinelani kubutyebi kunye nokwahluka lwezikhamiso. Ngokubanzi, ukuhlelwa izikhamiso / oonobumba ngolwimi Russian ibanzi kakhulu kunokuba elinikiweyo iincwadi zekharityhulam yesikolo. Njengoko embodiments yokuqala neyesibini babe amagama. Kuxhomekeke kwindawo apho zime.

Ngaphandle isandi, [kwaye] lowo libizwa komlomo kancinane luvuleleka nolwimi wawaphakamisa ngaphantsi [u]. Le isandi unalo igama [kwaye] evulekileyo. Noshicilelo luchazwa ngu ^[kunye]. Umzekelo: ihlathi [l'i ^e sa '].

evulekileyo Ngoko ke isandi [s ^e]. Ngokomzekelo, igama elithi "intsimbi" nto leyo libizwa ngokuba ^[e zhy l'e'zny].

Kwindawo buthathaka phambi lwegama wabethelela endaweni izandi [a], [a] libizwa nelabializovanny ixilongo [/ \]. Waye ngoBume lolwimi lwenzeka phakathi [a] kunye [o], umzekelo: ingca [ts / \ va '] entsimini [n / \ l'a'].

Kukho izikhamiso nokuphungulwa ngakumbi, zibizwa ngokuba eziphango ephilileyo ngakumbi. It [b] kwaye [b]. [B] - oku isandi ezinomyinge uyaziphakamisa srednenizhnego. [B] - isandi isandi kweklabhu kumqolo wangaphambili srednenizhnego. Imizekelo kaloliwe [pr / \ santana kaThixo], amanzi ^[e vd'i no'y]. Buthathaka ziphimisele ngenxa kwizikolo ezikude ezi lwezikhamiso uxinezeleko.

Izandi ^{[kunye], [e} s] [/ \], [b], [b] kwenzeka kuphela karhulumente ngaphandle uxinezeleko.

Ukuxhomekeka lwezikhamiso ezivela consonants ukuthamba

Ukutshintsha yokubiza izikhamiso, kuxhomekeke soft oonobumba (palatalized) ingqalelo nefonetiki. Ukuhlelwa zezikhamiso izandi ngokuxhomekeke ebumelwaneni ezinjalo angamelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Bezikhamiso [ 's], [' e], [ 'o], [' y] kuzinambuzane phezulu kancinci kwaye phambili ekuqaleni yokubiza.
• Ukuba aba zikhamiso phakathi amaqabane ithambile, utshintsho wengcaciso kulo lonke utsho nesandi: e-mthetho [z'a't '], umakazi [t'o't'a], tulle [t'u'l'].

Types emoyeni, izikhamiso

Xa ulwimi lwethu kukho izinto ezintandathu zimelwe iintlobo ezahlukeneyo lwezikhamiso ndixinezelekile. Bonke bephela lucaciswa kule theyibhile ilapha ngezantsi.

Iintlobo lwezikhamiso unstressed

Ukuhlelwa zezikhamiso izandi zentetho, musa ukuma phantsi ugxininiso kuxhomekeke kufutshane okanye kwizikolo ezikude kumaxhala kunye isalathandawo okanye postposition ngokunxulumene kulo:

• Bezikhamiso [u], [s], [y], emi yegama pretonic buthathaka kancinane amagama yayo, kodwa oko akuthethi ngokuncamisayo ukutshintsha.
• Ukuba [s] imi emva sizzling ithambile kwaye nzima ngaphambili, yenza nje phezulu kwaye phambili ekupheleni nesandi amazwi, ngokomzekelo ilizwi w [y] wempahla.
• Sound [y] ekuqaleni kwamagama, emi phambi consonants kunye soft emva ezingundoqo wenkxaso nzima okanye sizzling, kakhulu, yisa nje phezulu kwaye phambili ekupheleni yokubiza. Umzekelo: [u] TYuG, w [u] ESEMTHETHWENI.
• Bezikhamiso [y], ukuba isemva soft ngonobumba, ezingoonombini phambi nzima, unyuke uze phambili ekuqaleni yokubiza. Umzekelo: [l'u] s uthando.
• Ukuba [y] iphakathi amaqabane ethambileyo, yenza phezulu kwaye phambili ngalo lonke ixesha ukulahlwa: [l'u] yenzakeleyo.
• Bezikhamiso [a], [a], ukuba emva kokuba ezingundoqo wenkxaso ekuqaleni kwamagama; nzima yaye [c], abuthethileyo njengoko [ㆄ], le zezikhamiso luqokelelane apha kumqolo eliphakathi, xa ephakamisa na srednenizhnim yena nelabializovanny.
• Xa bezikhamiso [a], [a], [e], ukuba emva ethambileyo amaqabane, [h] [j] libizwa [s], esibonakala njengoko avareji zezikhamiso nelabializovanny phakathi [u] kunye [e] ke inani phambi imfundo, ephakamisa ukuba sredneverhnim.
• Bezikhamiso [e], [o], leyo emva kokuba [w], [x], abuthethileyo njengoko [nina], oko kuvakala neperednego series, noko kulindeleke kwaye hayi e, isandi unako ukuviwa, umzekelo, igama elithi " zokuphila okanye [nina] VAT. "
• Bezikhamiso [a] emva [w], [x] libizwa ngokuba [ㆄ]. Le isandi nga kuviwa igama elithi "sh [ㆄ] elaphalalayo."
• [Kwaye] [s], [y] buthathaka wengcaciso wabo iisilabhili yesithathu yesibini pretonic, kodwa ubhalo akatshintshi yokubiza.
• Bezikhamiso [y] xa umi kwi pretonic yegama yesibini neyesithathu phambi amaqabane palatalized kwaye izandi eziqinileyo, akukho ezahlukeneyo ukusuka isandi, ndithethe yegama pretonic, oku kusebenza izikhamiso [u] kunye [u].
• Bezikhamiso [a], [a], [e] kwindawo iisilabhili yesithathu yesibini pretonic ekuqaleni kwamagama zitshintshiwe ngokungqinelana uhlobo lwegama, emi phambi aksenti - kwisiza lwezikhamiso wayigxininisa [a], [a] libizwa [ㆄ], kunye nendawo [e] is iqapheleka [nina].

Tshintsha izikhamiso kwi zibuphekhashini zaudarnyh iisilabhili ziboniswe kule theyibhile ingezantsi.

isiphelo

Ukushwankathela, sinokugqiba ukuba uhlobo lwezikhamiso kuchaphazela indawo ulwimi. Ukuhambisa emlonyeni, oko kudala iimeko ezahlukeneyo ukuze kwakhiwe izandi. ukuba baqonda ukuba izikhamiso ezahlukeneyo.