UDostoevsky, "Uhlahlulukileyo kwaye Walimala": isishwankathelo, uhlalutyo kunye nempendulo

Imisebenzi yomlobi omkhulu waseRashiya uFedor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky kufuneka aziwe ngabantu bonke abahloniphayo. Ukuba ixesha lokufunda ngokugcwele kwazo zonke iincwadi azikho ngokwaneleyo, funda uqale ngokuthi "Uthotywa kwaye uhlambalaze." Isishwankathelo (1 inxalenye kunye nale ilandelayo iya kuqwalaselwa kulo mbononongo) iya kukuxelela ngembali enzima yeentsapho ezimbini kwaye ikufundise ukuba uqaphele okulungileyo nokubi, ukunyaniseka nobuxoki, uthando kunye neemvakalelo zobuxoki.

Abalinganiswa abakhulu beveli

UFyodor Dostoevsky uqala u-Ivan Petrovich - umbhali, ozalise iveli yakhe ekupheleni komsebenzi. Waqala idayari engekho ebomini obuhle: ebuntwaneni bakhe abazali bamshiya inkedama, kwaye inkwenkwe yakhuliswa endlwini kaNikolai Sergeyevich Ikhmenev. Wayeyinto elungileyo, kodwa eyimpofu, lahlekelwa ngumhlaba wakhe, kodwa kungekudala waba ngumnikazi wendawo encinane waza watshata no-Anna Andreevna Shumilova. Kwizahluko ezalandelayo, intsapho ibhekane neengxaki. Umfundi uyaqonda ukuba isihloko salo msebenzi asikhethiweyo ngethuba, kwaye yi-Ichmenians ehlaziswayo kwaye icaphukile.

Isishwankathelo sitsho ukuba uNkosana uPyotr uAleksandrovich Valkovsky waqala ukutyelela amadoda amadala kunye nendodana yakhe uAlshasha. U-Ichmenev kungekudala waba ngumphathi, kodwa emva kwenkqubela yakhe intsapho yaphoqelelwa ukuba iphinde iphinde ihambe ePetersburg. Intombi kaNikolai Sergeevich no-Anna Andreeva, uNatasha, yayisisithintelo phakathi kuka-Alyosha nomlobi u-Ivan. Iziganeko ezilandelayo zolu ronxantathu luthando ziya kuchazwa kwincwadi ethi "Uthotywa kwaye Ulimale". Isishwankathelo sezahluko kunye nezahluko ziya kubonisa ubunzima bobudlelwane phakathi kwezi ntsapho ezimbini.

Abalinganiswa abancinci beveli kunye nendima yabo

Izenzo ziqala kwi-confectionery yaseJamani, apho indoda endala uSmith ihamba nenja yaseAzorka. Kulo gumbi, uyabacaphukisa abo bahamba ngeeyure ezininzi zexesha lokuzonwabisa, kodwa akasayi kuphinda abuyele apha ... U-Azorka wafa ngokukhawuleza ngokuguga okanye ekulambile, emva koko indoda endala yaphuthuma yaza yafa ngokungalindelekanga.

Yiba ubungqina bokuzibonela ngezenzo zencwadana ethi "Ukuhlambalaza kunye nokulimala": isishwankathelo sahluko siya kukuxelela ukuba kubaluleke kangakanani kweli hlabathi elikhohlakeleyo ukuba uhlale ngumntu olungileyo, owayengumdlali we-Ivan. USmith uyimbiza idilesi yakhe, kwaye kungekudala le ndoda iya kwindlu yayo, apho ihlangana nomzukulu womdala-uHelen. U-Anna Trifonovna Bubnova - umnini-ntombazana wale ntombazana, udla ngokumbetha aze amhlazise. UFilipu Philipovich Masloboev - umhlobo wesikolo uVanya, obatshela ibali likaSmith.

Intombi uKaterina Fedorovna Filimonova kuqala waba ngumhlobo ka-Alyosha, kwaye ngoko umtshakazi, ngokutshabalalisa ubuhlobo bakhe noNatasha. I heroine ibonakala ingapheliyo kwincwadi, kodwa umfundi ngokukhawuleza uyazi ukuba phantsi kwesi siganeko sowesifazane ocebile ungumntwana ongenalwazi.

Iziqulatho ze-1 inxalenye ethi "Ukuthotywa kunye nokulimala" (mfutshane)

Uphononongo malunga nale ncwadana ishintshana ngokunyanisekileyo ukuba ingavumi, kodwa ukuqonda ingcamango yombhali, kuyimfuneko ukucoca ngakumbi kwixesha leXesha le-19 kunye nokuqonda ubunzima bobudlelwane babantu abakhulu.

Kumaphepha okuqala encwadi yakhe, uDostoevsky uyaziqonda umfundi ngobomi bukaIvan Petrovich, intsapho kaIchmeny noValkovsky. Inkosana ithumela iinjongo zemfundo endlwini kaNikolai Sergeevich unyana wakhe uAlshasha, kwaye kukho intombazana kunye noNatasha baxhunyiwe inveli. Konke oku kwenzeka ngexesha lokungabikho kuka-Ivan, oye wafunda eSt. Petersburg. Ekubuyeni kwakhe, umlobi omncinci uyaqonda ukuba uNatasha uyisiphumo sakhe. U-Ivan umenza umnikelo, into leyo intombazana eyamkelayo, kodwa abantu abadala akukhawulezi nomtshato, kwaye le mpazamo iyaba yingozi ... Kungekudala uNatasha uya ku-Alyosha, owamlandela waba ngumqhafazo.

Ngenhlanhla u-Ivan uya ehostela likaSmith aze adibana khona nomzukulwana wakhe u-Elena. UAlshasha noNatasha bahlala kwindlu ehluphekileyo e-Fontanka. Intombazana yayihlala ibuhlungu yaye yayinokuqiniseka ukuba umyeni wayemshiya ngenxa kaKaterina Fedorovna ngenxa yeyona ntokazikazi enikwe nguNkosana Valkovsky njengomkakhe ngomntwana wakhe. UNatasha wathetha nazo zonke izinto ezintle malunga no-Ivan, owayevame ukutyelela.

Iziqulatho 2 izingxenye

INkosana uValkovsky ifuna ukudibana noKaterina Filimonova, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo uyaqonda ukuba uNatasha kuphela uza kuzisa ulonwabo ngokwenene unyana wakhe. U-Ivan uvame ukubona u-Elena aze abe ubungqina bendlela aphathwa kakubi ngayo nguBubnov endala: emva kokubetha, intombazana iqala ukuxhwala. Kunzima ukukholelwa ukuba abafazi abanobuqhophololo basaphila emhlabeni, kodwa inkcazo yezo ngcambu zinikwe encwadini ethi "Abahlambulukileyo nabalimalayo". Isishwankathelo, ngelanga, alibonakalisi ukwesabisa kwesahluko sesine senxalenye yesibini.

Le nsizwa ikhetha ukuthatha intombazana, iqeshe ugqirha kuye, ithengise iingubo ezintle, kodwa yayinomdla wokusebenza kwaye ilungele ukubuyela kumtyholi omdala. Umfazi ohluphekileyo uqala ukunyamekela umsindisi ngokwakhe aze abuze uNelli ukuba ambize ngoku-njalo-ngulo lonina ongumama.

Iziqulatho ezintathu

Ukusondela kwindlu kaNatasha e-Fontanka, u-Ivan waphawula ukuthuthwa kweNkosana uValkovsky, kunye nabo bangena nabo endlwini. Le ntombazana yayisodwa yatsho ukuba u-Alyosha wayengabonakali iintsuku eziliqela, kodwa xa eqala intetho, kwenzeka njani ngokukhawuleza ebuya eKaterina Filimonova. UNatasha wanyuka, esenza isigqibo sokuba isikhulu sasizama nje ukuba sibonakale sinobubele, kodwa ngokwenene sinqwenela ukuba unyana wamtshakazi abe yintombazana encinci ...

U-Alyosha ufunga ngo-Ichmeyeva eluthandweni obungunaphakade kunye nelokuba uthatha uKatyya nje ngoodade. Kodwa le ntombazana ayizange ikholwe kwaye yacela u-Ivan ukuba a tyelele umbala. Kulula ukuqagela ukuba intlekele phezu kwentsapho ye-Ihmenevs yayibukrokrele, kwaye yibo bahlaziswayo kwaye bahlambalazwa. Inkcazo emfutshane yeziganeko ezilandelayo zibonisa le ngcamango. Kungekudala isiphakamiso sePrince sabuya kuTwitter. Kancinci umfundi uya kufunda ukuba uKaterina uyamthanda no-Ivan, kwaye sele sele esithanda u-Natasha. Inkosana egxinwe kwindibano yavulwa ngaphesheya: wavuma iinjongo zakhe zobugovu waza wamemezela umnqweno wokutshata nomntwana wakhe kunye nomntu obalaseleyo.

Iziqulatho 4 iingxenye

Intliziyo ka-Ivan ibuhlungu kubantombazana amabini: ngoNatasha noNelly. Owesibini waba ngumntu ongathobeliyo waza wambetha ngogqirha wakhe. Umntu oswelekileyo wayefunyanwe enesifo senhliziyo, kwaye kwanokuba iziyobisi azikwazi ukwandisa ubomi bakhe. U-Nellie wayengenakuhlala kunye no-Ivan ngokuthula, ngoko wabalekela, eshiya inqaku. Ugqirha, owokuqala wabonakala ungumhlobo wakhe, wenqabe ukumthabatha ukuba akhuliswe, kwaye intombazana yayingafuni ukuhlala ne-Ichmenovs.

Emva koko ulandela umxholo wencwadana ethi "Uthotywa kwaye Ulimale" - isishwankathelo esifutshane sezahluko ezalandelayo sichaza ubungendawo obunjalo beentsapho zaseValkovsky. U-Alyosha uthi uyamthanda uKaterina Filimonova, kodwa uzama ukutshata uNatasha, kuba engabonakali ubomi ngaphandle kwakhe. Kodwa ulonwabo lwabo luyabathinteka ngquzulwano lwabawo, ngoko u-Ichmenev uyamthintela intombi yesibusiso sabazali kunye neziqalekiso. Nangona kunjalo, umtshato ka-Alyosha noNatasha awuzange kwenzeke, kwaye ophumeleleyo kule mpi wayeyinkosana, owatshata unyana wakhe kwi-decanter. Abantu abadala baseIchmenev bafumana ulonwabo oluhlukile: baxolela intombi yabo baza baqala ukuzisa ikhaya likaNelly.

Ipilo

U-Nellie waqhubeka ehlala endlwini ye-Ichmenyevs endala, kwaye kungekudala wasetyenziswa kubo, kwaye u-Ivan wagqiba ukubhala ibali lakhe, apho asebenze ixesha elide. UFilipu Masloboev wayevame ukutyelela intsapho kwaye akazange ahlale kude, emva kokufunda ngexesha elibi le ntombazana. Utshela u-Ivan ngasese ukuba uNellie akayikho nkedama, kodwa intombi yeNkosana uValkovsky-le yintshintsho encwadini ethi "Uthukile kunye Namaxhoba". Kwavela ukuba le ntombazana yayazi yonke into, kodwa yayicacile ... Uhlala kwiintsuku zokugqibela ekuthuthukisweni. Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, izandla zikaNelly u-Ivan umnqamlezo kunye nesiqhumiso, apho isigidimi sikamama kuValkovsky sigcinwa khona.

Ibali lokuwa kunye nokuvuswa kwe-protagonist

Uthando lokuqala luhlala luthando, luthando kwaye lubandakanya imiphumo emibi - kuba uNatasha Alesha wayebe ngowokuqala, ngoko wamshiya indlu kayise. Yena ngokwakhe wazibulala, wenza isigqibo sokuba alahle yonke into kwaye abe yinceku yale "mntwana omdala", umdlali ongunaphakade kunye nentandokazi yabesifazane. Ngenxa yeValkovskys, i-Ichmenians ayinelisekanga kuphela, kodwa ihlazo kunye nehlazo.

Isishwankathelo siyaqhubeka sithi uAlshasha wakhalaza kuKaterina ngaphandle kwesazela sesazela, njengokungathi uNatasha akazange ahlambulule nayiphi na into ... Ngaba wayeyinyamekele intombazana eyashiya ekhaya? U-Nikolai Ihmenev wayenqabela igama leentombi ukuba libizwe, kwaye yena ngokwakhe wayiba i-medallion yegolide kunye nesimboli esivela kumkakhe ukwenzela ukuyikhumbula, ukhumbule, ihlupheka kubantu bonke ngokufihlakeleyo ... UNatasha wabangela ukubandezeleka okukhulu kubantu abadala, kodwa akanakutsholwa ngenxa yento ayenzayo-izenzo zenziwa ngenxa yothando, kwaye oku Isizathu esilungileyo. Ekupheleni kwesahlulo sesine, uyise uxolela intombi aze aguqe ngamadolo phambi kwakhe. Ichmenyvy, ihlazo kunye nehlazo, ibuye iphinde ihlangane, kwaye yona yinto yolonwabo ngokwenene.

Indima ye heroine kaNellie kwingcamango yale ncwadi

Inkathazo yencwadana iyomelezwa yinkcazo yentlekele yentombazana enesifo senhliziyo, leyo, njengokuba kubonakala kuqale ukuqala, yaba nxaxheba kwizenzo zengozi. UNelly ongekho mthethweni, olahlekelwa ngumama wakhe njengomntwana, uya kutshabalala uluntu ebomini bakhe bonke, okubangela ukuba ahlupheke kakhulu. Bathunjelwa konke ukubetha, ukuthotywa kwaye ngokwabo ukwala ulonwabo - esi sidalwa esingazi ukuba kuthetha ukuthini uvuyo, mhlawumbi ke, akanako ukuhlala nabantu abafana naye, behlazekile kwaye bacaphukile.

Isishwankathelo sibonisa ibali lokwenyaniso lentsapho yakhe: USmith waqalekisa waza waqhuma intombi yakhe, owabaleka nomthandi, owaba nguValkovsky. NguNelli obuyisela ukuvisisana nokuqonda kwintsapho yama-Ichmenians. U-Nikolai Sergeyevich uyazibona ubugqwetha bezenzo zakhe kwaye ngokwakhe uziphosa kwiinyawo zikaNatasha ngesicelo sokumxolela. Ngaloo ndlela, uNelly ohluphekileyo wazinikela ngenxa yezono zikayise, uyise, kunye nolonwabo lwentsapho yaseIchmeny.

Imbali yendalo

Incwadi ethi "Ukuhlambalaza Nokulimala" yashicilelwa ngo-1861 kwiphephancwadi elithi "Ixesha", ngexesha lobomi bukaDostoevsky liphindaphindiwe kabini. E-Rashiya, uyayixhala ngababhali ababuyile ekuthinjweni, ngoko iveli enobungangamsha yayingaboniswa ngentshiseko, nangona abagxeki baphendula ngokuqinisekileyo (ngokukodwa, iVG Belinsky).

Lo msebenzi wawufakwe kathathu: ngo-1915, iqela labaculi be-Solovtsov Theatre, ngowe-1976, umdlalo wawusenziwa ngu-E. Velikhanov. Ngo-1991, ifilimu eyalelwe ngu-A. Eshpai yadutshulwa; Ngo-2005 umculo wenziwe ngomculo ka-A. Zhurbin. Ukuqonda imbono yenveli, kubalulekile nje ukuba ubukele umveliso kwikhrinkthi, kodwa kwakhona ufunde "Ukuhlambalaza kunye nokulimala" (isishwankathelo).

UHugo kunye nencwadi yakhe ethi "Les Miserables"

Umxholo wokuhlaziswa nokuhlambalaza kungekhona inkulungwane yokuqala ihlala ngokwenene kwiincwadi zehlabathi. I-protagonist yomsebenzi kaVictor Hugo - uJean Valjak - wathatha iminyaka engama-20 kwintlawulo yesigwebo sebaphanga amancinci, kwaye emva kokukhishwa, uvula i-factory yakhe kwaye abe ngodolophu. Konke oku akwenzayo phantsi kwegama elingamanga, kodwa oogunyaziwe bayazi zonke iinyaniso: umntu ohluphekileyo uphinde uvalelwe, kodwa ngeli xesha uyabaleka. UJean uvelisa uCosette, intombi yowesifazane ongonwabanga owafa ngenxa yokutya. Intombazana ethandekayo ithathe inxaxheba ekuvukeleni kwamapublica kwaye yagwetywa, kodwa uValjak uyisindisa kwaye uyabasikelela intsha. Ngomnyaka ozayo uyafa ebuhlwempu ezandleni zikaCosette nomyeni wakhe. "Les Miserables" ibali lomoni oye waba ngumntu olilungisa. Ngaloo ndlela, isebenza kumxholo othi "Ukuthotywa nokuhlambalaza" ayifumanekanga kuphela kuFyodor Dostoyevsky, kodwa kwakhona kuVictor Hugo.