UFosh Ferdinand: i-biography yomlawuli omkhulu

UFosh Ferdinand ungomnye wabaphathi abadumileyo baseFransi. Wenza inxaxheba kwimfazwe emibini. Ekubeni uFerdinand, ubukhosi buwa, iinguqulelo zenzeka, izigidi zafa. Ukongeza kwimpumelelo kwimfazwe, uMarshal wenza inxaxheba enkulu ekuphuhliseni imicimbi yempi. Imisebenzi yakhe isacingwa kwihlabathi.

UFosh Ferdinand: I-Short Biography

UFerdinand wazalwa ngo-Oktobha 2, 1851 eTarbes. Abazali bakhe babephumelele kakhulu kumagosa kwaye badlala indima ebalulekileyo ebomini kweso sixeko. Ngako oko, i-Foch yafumana imfundo efanelekileyo, ngokwemigangatho yelo xesha. Wafunda esikolweni, kwaye emva kokugqiba kwakhe wangena kwikholeji yaseJesuit e-Saint-Etienne.

Ngowe-1869, ukuhlaziywa komkhosi kwaqala kweli lizwe. Urhulumente kunye nomlawuli baqonda ingozi ehamba ngaphezu kweFransi ngaphezu kwePrussia kwaye bazama ukulungiselela ngokukhawuleza imfazwe enokwenzeka. UFerdinand uzalisa i-regiment ye-infantry, ekhonza kuyo ukususela ngo-1870.

IMfazwe yaseFranco-Prussian (1870-1871)

IPrussia ilungiselelwe imfazwe kwangaphambili kwaye yacinga ngeyonke inyathelo. Umlawuli waseFransi akazange akwazi ukuvavanya imeko kwaye yena wawela kwisicupho esabekwe nguBismarck. Umkhosi waseJamani waqala ukuhlambalaza ngoJulayi. Imikhosi yasePrussia kunye namazwe aseJalimane ahlangeneyo yayilungiswe kakuhle kwaye ixhotyiswe ngeendlela ezintsha zokulwa, ngelixa umkhosi waseFransi wawungenaso ixesha lokulungiselela kakuhle kwaye, ngokwenene, wabanjwa ngokungazi.

Ngekwindla amajoni aseJamani azingqonge iParis. UFerdinand ulwala phambili. Ibhalansi yemikhosi yayingalinganiyo, kodwa umkhosi waseFransi uququzelele kakhulu kubalweli beeyunithi zokulondoloza kunye namaqela athathwe ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko ke, ukuphakama komkhosi waseJamani oqhelekileyo wawucacile. Kwaye ngo-1871 uNapoleon weThathu wasayina inkolelo yokuhlazola, ngokubhekiselele ukuba yiyiphi iFrance eyayithembisa ukuhlawula i-Prussia enkulu inzuzo.

Umsebenzi wezesayensi

Emva kwemfazwe, uFosh Ferdinand wenza isigqibo sokuba angazithobeli ezinyathelweni zikayise, kodwa ukuqhubeka nomkhosi wakhe wempi. Xa eneminyaka engamashumi amabini angena kwiSikolo sase-Higher Polytechnic. Nangona kunjalo, ukugqiba uFerdinand wehlulekile. Ngowe-1873, umkhosi weRiphabhuliki yaseFransi ujongene nokunqongophala kwabasebenzi. Ngoko ke, nangaphandle kokugqiba i-Higher Polytechnic School, iFock ithola isikhundla se-lieutenant of artillery. Ukhonza kwi-Regiment ye-Artillery ye-24.

Iminyaka emine kamva waphumelela kwi-Academy phantsi kwe-General Staff. Uqala umsebenzi wezenzululwazi. Uhlola isicwangciso kunye namaqhinga omsebenzi wokulwa. Ngomnyaka we-1895, waba nguprofesa waza waqala ukufundisa kwi-academy, awayeyifumene nayo ngaphambili. Inomdla kakhulu kuFerdinand kukufunda isicwangciso sikaNapoleon Bonaparte.

Iindlela zokuqhuba imisebenzi yokulwa ziphuculwe kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwezixhobo zamabutho zamhlanje. Uyaqhubeka nokudibanisa iinkcukacha ezixabisekileyo zemfazwe yaseFranco-Prussian, apho yena ngokwakhe wayithatha inxaxheba. Ngo-1908 waba yintloko ye-Academy phantsi kwe-General Staff.

UFosh usebenza emsebenzini wophando kwimbali yembali yempi kunye namaqhinga. Emva kweminyaka emibini emva kokufumana isikhundla esiphambili, wathunyelwa eRhulumente waseRashiya ukuba athathe inxaxheba ekusebenzeni.

Ngomnyaka we-1912, uFosh Ferdinand waba ngumlawuli wecandelo lesibhozo lomkhosi. Imemori yohlobo lwabahlobo bakhe liqule ulwazi lokuba wayenoyiko, engena kwindawo entsha. Kodwa unyaka kamva wanikwa isigxina esilungele ukulwa-ibutho lamashumi mabini.

Ukuqala kwehlabathi lokuqala

Imfazwe enkulu uFerdinand Foch wahlangana eNancy. Ukususela ekuqaleni, amadoda akhe athatha inxaxheba. Ukuqhuma kokuqala kobukhosi baseJamani bawela kwintsimi yaseBelgium. Ekuqaleni, ilizwe livakalise ukungathathi hlangothi kwalo, kodwa amaFrentshi ayicinga ukuba kwakuseBelgium ukuza kuvela. UFerdinand Foch wabhekisela ngokuphindaphindiweyo ubuthathaka bomngcele waseFranco-Belgian.

Kwaye kwakukho apho umkhosi waseJamani wabetha . Isiqingatha esinye nesigamu kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezithathwe eBelgium kwaye ziqhubekele emngceleni waseFransi. Ukuba kwakungengenxa yokuzikhusela kwamaqhawe eLiège, imikhosi yama-Allied yayingeke ikwazi ukufudukela kumda wasempumalanga. UFerdinand Foch wayala amabutho amabutho amabini. Ngokukhawuleza emva kokuqhambuka kwemfazwe, amadoda akhe ahlasela intsimi yaseLorraine. Le ndawo ithathwe eFransi ngenxa yombutho weFranco-Prussian. Kwaye ubuncinci bebanjwe ngokukodwa, ngokwesi sicwangciso se-General Staff, bekukunyusa izinga lamajoni. Kwaye okokuqala izinto zavela kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, phakathi kukaSeptemba, amaJamani ayemelana nawo aze aphonse amaFransi emngceleni.

Umbuso weSizwe

Sekudlulileyo kwimfazwe, abaxhasi abaninzi nabaninzi beenguqulelo zempi babonakala eFransi, phakathi kwabo nguFosh Ferdinand. Iingcaphulo zoprofesa zanyatheliswa kumaphephambili amaphephandaba. Kodwa abaxhasi babengafuni ukutshintsha izithethe. Umkhosi waseJamani wabuyiselwa ngokupheleleyo kwaye izigqibo ezicwangcisiweyo zenziwe, ukuqala kwizinto ezinokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezintsha.

IFransi isaphinda ixhomekeke kwigunya lezixhobo. Iingqongqo zazingasebenzi, kwaye abaphathi abazange bafune ukutshintsha indlela eqhelekileyo kwiiyunithi zabo. Umzuzu wokutyhila kakhulu kukusetyenziswa kwefomu elidala. Ubukhosi baseJamani kunye neAritriya-eHungary bawela kwinqanaba elimnyama okanye elibomvu elingabonakaliyo, ngelixa uhlobo lomkhosi waseFransi lubandakanya ibhulukhwe ebomvu kunye neenjomvu eziluhlaza. Kwiintsuku zokuqala zokulwa, amagosa aye ekulweni, egqoke iiglavu ezimhlophe kunye nomfaniswano, zibe ziithagethi ezikhanyayo kwiimpahla zazo ezikhanyayo. Ngoko ke, jikelele usebenza ngokulungelelaniswa ngokukhawuleza komkhosi.

Ukuguqulwa kweempi

Kuzo zonke iindawo zeso sakhiwo ngokukhawuleza "zambethe", iinjineli zaseFransi zizama ukunyusa inani lezixhobo zanamhlanje. Sekuqaleni kweSeptemba, kwaqala enye yeemfazwe ezinkulu kakhulu kunyaka wokuqala wemfazwe - imfazwe eMarne.

Ukuqhaqhaqhayisa kwamaFrentshi kwayalela uFosh Ferdinand. Ukukhunjulwa kukaMarshal kwezi ziganeko kuphazamiseka yimimoya yokuphazamiseka nokuphazamiseka apho amasosha ayekhona. Ngenxa yokungabikho kweendlela zokuthutha, amasoldati amaninzi aziswa kwi-battlefield ngeteksi. Kodwa eli lizwe livumelekile ukuyeka ukuqhubela phambili kwamaJamani kwaye kuqalwe imfazwe enzima, eya kuphelisa iminyaka emine kamva.

Ukuphela kweMfazwe

Ngentwasahlobo ka-1918, uMarshal Ferdinand Foch wayeyiNtloko yamaFlabathi aseFransi. Nguye owasayina i-Compiegne Armistice, eyaphelisa iMfazwe Yehlabathi Yeyokuqala. Kwenzeke ngolweshumi elinanye kaNovemba kwisitimela se-private train.

Emva kwemfazwe wayezibandakanya ekuphuculeni amaqhinga empi kunye nesicwangciso. Walungiselela ukungenelela kwintsimi yaseRussia yaseSoviet.

NgoMatshi 20, 1929 eParis, wafa uFosh Ferdinand. Isikhumbuzo kumlawuli wamaspala sifakwe kwiNdlu yaseParisea yokukhubazeka.