Ugqirha French Klod Bernar: Biography, impumelelo kunye namanqaku anika umdla

Kwilizwe ngalinye kukho izazinzulu ezibalaseleyo. Kakade ke, ilizwe lethu osisityebi kubo, kwaye asathe gqolo ngoku kunyuka kunye iingqondo izazinzulu. Kodwa namhlanje, uya kuqonda ukuba ngubani na lo gqirha Bernar Klod. Kwakhona, uya uvule iimfihlelo kunye yayenzekile ngobomi bakhe. Uza kufunda impumelelo yakhe endle yamayeza, kodwa kananjalo sifo ogama lakhe behlonipha ugqirha.

isingeniso

oogqirha abadumileyo kunye noogqirha Klod Bernar, ugqirha evela eFransi, waye waduma kukho iinkqubo wamazwe secretion lwangaphakathi, oko kufanele kugqalwa ngunozala inzululwazi hormone, kwakunye nokuba umbhali yamaphepha esayensi. Nangona iindlela kunye nezimvo amalungu ngokukhawuleza kwaye amanyathelo phambili, uphando kunye monographs academic ezihambelana unanamhla. Kwizangqa zonyango, igama nzulu basemi livuselela iinkumbulo imincili noxabiso, kunye nobuchule bakhe emangalisayo umdla zombini oogqirha abatsha kunye namava. Klod Bernar ithathwa umsunguli amayeza zovavanyo. Imisebenzi zenzululwazi ugqirha wonke umfundi uya kufumana ezininzi iingcamango eziluncedo ayikwazi phantsi. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ababephila ngayo yena wasebenza komzimba enkulu eFransi, ngoko ufunde!

curriculum vitae

Klod Bernar wazalwa ngoJulayi 12, 1813 e-Villfranshe kufuphi Lyon (mpuma France). Claude Young wawazi imfundo classical ekholejini wamaJesuit.

Yena ixesha elide kakhulu yaye omninzi umsebenzi zaselebhu wakhe. Ezi emisebenzini zange lilize. Bernard ifumene impumelelo kunye nodumo ngezangqa ezithile. Waba abafundi bakhe kunye nabalandeli.

Wafa umphengululi baziincamisa French Februwari 10, 1878. Wayeneminyaka eli-65 ubudala. Ukufa wafumana unjingalwazi xa bazama umfundi wakhe abanetalente Arsène d'Arsonval. abasemagunyeni French wenziwe omngcwabo uluntu zenzululwazi, yaye kamva ogama emva kwakhe kwi-University kwisixeko Lyon. Namhlanje, oosonzululwazi lawongwa ngebhaso ogama emva Bernard ngenxa yophando lwakhe hormone.

ekuqaleni zoncwadi

Bernar Klod wayeyinkwenkwe esinzulu gqitha. Yena engafani oontanga bakhe kunye reverie cwaka. Ndisemncinane angaboni ngokwakhe kwinzululwazi, kunye nemisebenzi loncwadi. Kodwa ekubeni uyise wakhe imali intsapho abazizityebi, Claude kwafuneka ukuba baphume esikolweni. Waba wemithi osafunda ngelo xesha wayebhala umsebenzi wokuqala zoncwadi - ngendlela eyiyo. Kwathi ukuze le eyiyo wazibeka phezu ibakala yeqonga e Lyon.

Ekhuthazwe impumelelo, umbhali oselula wathi umdlalo zembali othi "Arthur UBrittany." Umbhali wathabatha ngqangi Paris nokujongisisa ukugxekwa uncwadi Girardin. Kodwa wabongoza mfana ukushiya izibongo, ze uqale ukuqhelisela amayeza kwakhona. icebiso Klod Bernar, yaye kuphela kamva wathi akayi ezisola ukuba washiya ukubhala.

Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, ngowe-1834, wabhalisa Higher School of Medicine e Paris. Apho waba umfundi komzimba Mozhandi, ngelo xesha ilungu le-National Academy of Sciences ngo-Medicine. Kwakhona Mozhandi bawo usekela-mongameli.

Ukusebenza kunye sisazinzulu

Ngowe-1839, Claude waphumelela esikolweni, kwaye ngexesha elinye Mozhandi uyimema ukuza emsebenzini elabhoratri le College de France. kweminyaka esibhozo kamva, uBernard ISP Mozhandi.

ilebhu Claude wagcinwa kwigumbi elincinane. Kwaba kufutshane abaphulaphuli kwabafundi, naphambi nezitulo ibekwe itafile ekwenzeni imifuniselo. Kunzima ukucinga, kodwa n'wina kwindawo Scientist zafumana kwiqashiso entsimini amalungu zovavanyo.

Scientist Klod Bernar wasebenza zonke ezaziwayo ngexesha neendawo zomzimba. Imisebenzi Claude isayensi kunye namayeza yahlulwe iiphiriyodi ezimbini:

• 1843-1868 gg.;
• 1868-1877 gg.

Kweli xesha lokuqala kwakhe inxaxheba ngezimvo amalungu eqhelekileyo aziqhelekanga. Zahamba kakuhle ukuba baqhame ngokukhethekileyo 1843. Ke amathathu ugqirha wapapasha amaphepha yakhe yokuqala lwenzululwazi indima izilwanyana kumzimba omnye amadlala, ixabiso nepancreas ukudla kwamafutha, inkqubo nokwenziwa.

Bernard waba nguyise hormone, xa kuqhutywa isifundo ngempumelelo ezaziwa omnye amadlala - pancreas. Kungekudala ugqirha wayekhusela zobugqirha banikezela ekufundweni iimpawu yejusi esiswini kunye nendima yayo kwinkqubo yokwetyisa. Ngowe-1849, ugqirha wafumanisa zebhayoloji Society, yaye ngo-1867 wamiselwa umongameli wayo. Kulo nyaka, umsebenzi uBernard ngokwenzululwazi nayo akubalulekanga. Wenza Enye into enkulu. Bernar Klod wafumanisa ukuba iswekile evela asemathunjini kwesibindi, aguqulwa abe glycogen.

Le Isazinzulu bayifundisise ukutya ekudleni, indima edlalwa ngawo esibindini kunye nenkqubo luvo. Kwakhona ugqirha wabonisa ukuba bazibandakanye nethe carbohydrate, kwakunye esibindini - umlimi enkulu ubushushu eziphilayo izilwanyana.

Syndrome uClaude Bernard

Esi sifo lidla ngokuba sisifo Horner kaThixo. Kwaye kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uGqirha Horner syndrome wazityhila ngokwakhe, kodwa Klod Bernar wayibona waza wachaza iimpawu zesi sifo kakhulu ngaphambili. Bernard syndrome - Horner - sisifo ebangela umonakalo kwinkqubo luvo onovelwano emzimbeni. Syndrome elinye igama - okulosimpatichesky. Ukusuka Latin "Oculus" - amehlo. Syndrome enza nje kuphela izihlunu kufutshane namehlo, kodwa kwi-organ olubonakalayo ngokwayo.

Bernard ezichazwe apha iimpawu kwiminyaka kamva:

• unciphisa ubuchule olulungisiweyo umfundi;
• geterohronizm;
• enophthalmos, okanye unamathela lweliso lakho emzimbeni;
• miosis okanye nemvelo pupillary constriction, kunye nabanye.

isiphelo

Bernard zazi igalelo kuphuhliso amayeza, ingakumbi hormone, zomzimba pathophysiology, akunakwenzeka! imibhalo yakhe, ezifunyaniswe, ungakwazi ukubhala ixesha elide kakhulu. Kodwa kumqukumbelo amagama ambalwa kunye izibakala. Ukongeza zomzimba hormone, uNjingalwazi Bernard wazibeka iziseko Pharmacology kunye kwisidumbu nokuba.

Ngowe-1964, ihlabathi izazinzulu oogqirha wothuka omnye umsebenzi esisiseko Bernard "Intshayelelo Ukuhlola Medicine". Yaba lo mphengululi yaziswa inzululwazi indlela amalungu ukuba uphando uvavanyo.

abafundi bakhe abahlali kumazwe ahlukeneyo, phakathi kwabo abaphandi ukusuka eNgilani, eJamani kunye neMelika. Elabhoratri yenzululwazi kunye zovavanyo Claude Bernard wasebenza, oogqirha zethu zasekhaya kunye zebhayoloji: NM Yakubovich, I. M. Sechenov, FV Ovsyannikov, IR Tarhanov.

Le Isazinzulu wabonakala nkqu inzululwazi yentanda, imisebenzi yakhe ebalulekileyo enkulu leyona ubulumko, kwakunye nefuthe elibonakalayo kwi zomzimba nezinye izifundo zesayensi ezinxulumeneyo.