Uhlalutyo kunye nembali yokudalwa kwembongo "iiNtshonalanga zaseNtshonalanga" (Pasternak)

UBoris Leonidovich Pasternak ungomnye wabalobi beRashiya abadumileyo beli-20 leminyaka, apho iprose kunye neebongozi zithathwa njengezona zilungileyo. Into edumileyo yomsebenzi wakhe nguDokotela weZhivago. Ingumnana, okokuqala ngqa kwimbali yeencwadi zaseRashiya, idibanise imibongo kunye neprose. Kwaye ivula inxalenye yenkondlo yomsebenzi wencwadana "Iimvula zeNtshonalanga".

I-Pasternak yakha iqhawe elizizwayo kwaye libhalela izibongo. Kodwa ukuze ungaphazamisi umfundi kwiimpapasho zobomi zika-Yuri Zhivago, umbhali ubeka zonke izinto zakhe ezidalwa ngokukhawuleza ekupheleni kweveli.

Imbali yendalo

Ngoko, imbongo yaseBusika ebusuku »(Pasternak), imbali yayo iya kuchazwa ngezantsi, ibhalwe njengengxenye yomsebenzi omkhulu. Ngulo msebenzi ovula iimbongo ze-Yuri Zhivago. Kamva, le ndinyana ipapashwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngokwahlukileyo kwaye yafakwa kumculo. Kodwa emva kwimbali.

Umhla ochanekileyo wokubhala umbongo ngoku awukwazi, kuba iPasternak ngokwakhe wayesebenza iminyaka eli-10 kwi-noveli (1945-1955). Nangona kunjalo, abagxeki bakholelwa ukuba imbongi yenze i-masterpiece yakhe ingcaciso ngaphambi kokuphela kweveli. Le ngcamango idibene nenyaniso yokuba ngaloo minyaka wayesevelele intlungu yakhe yokuqala ye-Pasternak. "Ubusuku Busika" - indinyana malunga nomzabalazo wobomi nokufa, ngoko, esi sihloko sasifanele sisondele kumlobi. Kwaye ngenye enye umzuzu, ukuba kungengokuhlwa kwexesha elidlulileyo lobomi, ingaba iingcinga ezinjalo zingena entloko yomntu?

Yiyo yonke into, abaninzi abaphengululi beemfundiso bathi le nkondlo yabhalwa ngo-1954-55.

Ngokuqondene nomsebenzi ngokwawo, incwadana "uDokotela weZhivago" yaqatshelwa kwamanye amazwe, uPassternak wanikezelwa "iNkokheli yeNobel". Ngenxa yoko, umsebenzi kunye nombhali ngokwakhe batshutshiswa kakhulu ekhaya. Wayengasapapashwa kwaye axoshwa kwi-Union Union. U-Pasternak wabhala iileta kaninzi, ezama ukukholisa urhulumente ngokunyaniseka kwakhe, kodwa oku akuzange kuncede. Abachasene nombhali baphendukela kumxholo wencwadana, beyithi yi-Soviet. Kwaye inkondlo "Ubusika Bobusuku" yaxhomekeka kwintshutshiso ekhethekileyo, njengoko yaqatshelwa njenge-vulgar, i-decadent and decadent.

Umxholo

Njengoko sele kuphawuliwe ngasentla, umxholo oyintloko wenkondlo "Iimvula zeNtshonalanga" (Pasternak) yimixholo yomzabalazo phakathi kokufa nokufa. Umsebenzi ngokwayo uqobo kakhulu, umgca ngamnye nomfanekiso unentsingiselo ekhethekileyo efihliweyo.

Ngoko, ngokuqwalasela isicatshulwa sonke kumxholo womzabalazo, sinokugqiba ukuba umoya, i-blizzard neyobandayo yimiqondiso yokufa, kwaye ilangabi elivuthayo elitshisa ikhandlela bubomi. Kwaye ukukhanya okubuthathaka kushiya abagulayo uYuri Zhivago njengoko uya kushiya uPasternak ngokwakhe.

Nangona kunjalo, kunye nomxholo omnyama wobomi nokufa, kukho umxholo wothando ohambelana neziganeko zendalo. Imiva yabantu ibonakala iqhubeka kwimvelo. Ngoko, uthando lomntu luhamba kunye ne-blizzard, ukufaka kwiifestile "iindidi kunye neentolo." Nangona kunjalo, ingabe imvelo kunye "nokufudumala kwesilingo" kunomphumo onenzuzo kumdlali weconagonist?

Umbono

Ingcamango yembongo ethi "Iimvula Zelanga" (Pasternak) ihambelana nomxholo. Yinto emzabalazweni womntu kungekuphela kokufa, kodwa kunye neengxaki zemihla ngemihla, izilingo zabantu. Ngoko, iqhawe elimnandi liyakukhanyela i-blizzard evuthayo ngaphandle kwewindow, kunye nesilingo esitshisa umphefumlo wakhe. Ngomphefumlo womntu ulawula ukudideka, akanakuqonda apho iindawo ezilungileyo, kwaye ziphi ububi. Ukubonisa oku kwimbongo kukunceda udidi lwe-semantic lulandelayo: isithunywa, isilingo, "sinqumla".

Nangona kunjalo, ukujamelana nosongelo lwangaphandle (i-blizzards) kuphela amandla angokomoya (efanekiselwa ikhandlela) nothando. Ngaphambi kokuvakalelwa, ubumnyama buyabuya, indlu iyachuma, ifudumala.

Uphawu lwekhandlela luphawulekayo. Njengokuba kuphawuliwe ngasentla, iyaqhagamshelana neqhawe ngokwakhe. Iyaqhubeka ishisa (ihlala), nangona uxinzelelo lwehlabathi langaphandle. Umfanekiso wezinto ezibuthakathaka kodwa ukuqhubela phambili kumakhandlela afudumele uhamba ngayo yonke imbongo.

Ukubunjwa kwembongo "Ubusuku Busika" (Pasternak)

Uhlalutyo lokwakheka kwembongo luvumela ukuba sigqibe ekubeni umsebenzi usekelwe ekufunyanweni kwe-antithesis (inkcaso) yezinto ezimbini: i-ice kunye nomlilo. Isithwathwa sekhephu sitshabalalisa ihlabathi lonke, liginya yonke indawo, lidibanisa ngeglasi, ayikwazi ukungena kwigumbi, lifudumala ngekhandlela.

Umbongo unomxholo wokuncenga - umgca wokugqibela uphinda okokuqala, nangona kunjalo. Kwaye ke eli binzana alilona lucaciso kuphela, kodwa ukungafani kuyo kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngoko, ekupheleni kombongo akukho phinda "i-melok-melo" kwaye kukho isibonakaliso sexesha-ngoFebruwari. Ngaloo ndlela, imbongi ibonisa isiqhwithi esivele sidlulile, ngoko ke amandla okuphila kunye nethemba anqobile.

Uluhlu lobungakanani

Ubungqina bombongo bunika imvakalelo enamandla kwimbongo "Ubusuku Busika" (Pasternak). Uhlalutyo lwesakhiwo lubonisa ukuba umsebenzi ubhaliwe nge -iamba eneemilenze ezine ezineengqungquthela zomnqamlezo, apho indoda (1, 3 line) kunye neyesibini (2, 4 line). Kwaye oko kuthiwa i-peregovka ishythm, oko kukuthi, ukunciphisa kwe-2 nd ne-4 th line, inika inkondlo ngento ekhethekileyo.

Isiphelo

Ngaloo ndlela, indalo kunye nomntu, ngokukhawuleza naphakade kwiimbongo "iiNtshonalanga zaseNtshonalanga" zidibene. I-Pasternak yenze umsebenzi ohambelayo, umvakalelo kunye nefilosofi.