Uhlalutyo Scheme isifundo. Uhlalutyo UMZEKELO isifundo (GEF)

Kwiimeko zanamhlanje, imbonakalo yemisebenzi yesekela-mlawuli wesikolo-mali yesantlukwano iya kubanzi. Ngenxa yoko, sihlala sifuna ukujonga iindlela ezintsha zokulawula, ezenza ukuba sichithe ubuncinci bexesha kwaye sifumane ulwazi olungakumbi malunga nendlela kunye nokufundiswa okufundiswa ngayo kwiklasi. Ngako oko, isicwangciso sokuhlalutya isifundo sokusesikweni kunye nesicatshulwa kakuhle sinceda ukuhlangabezana nale ngxaki.

Uqhelwano oluqhelekileyo lohlalutyo

Kuyaziwa ukuba i-GEF igxininisa ekusebenziseni indlela yokusebenza-nkqubo ekufundiseni, ijoliswe ekuphuhliseni ubuntu obuvuthiweyo novuthiweyo bomqeqeshi. Ukufunda kwakumnandi, kwaye umsebenzi wotitshala uphumelela, udinga ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kodwa "ulawulo oluthile". Kukho imibuzo emininzi: ngokuchanekileyo ukulungiselela isifundo, indlela yokulungisa kakuhle i-handout kunye neempahla zendlela, ukuze kube lula ukuba basebenzise zombini umqeqeshi ngokwakhe kunye nomqeqeshi.

Siphakamisa icebo elifutshane kunye neklasikhi yohlalutyo lwesifundo, ngokusekelwe kwiingcebiso ze-GEF kunye namava ootitshala. Olu phuhliso luya kunceda ngokukhawuleza nokuhlalutya ngokucacileyo nasiphi na isifundo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni umxholo kunye nokugxila.

Ulwakhiwo lwesifundo

Okokuqala, siya kuqonda ukuba zeziphi iinqanaba kufuneka zifake "nganye iseshoni" yomsebenzi kunye nabafundi. Ngoko ke, iingcebiso jikelele zilandelayo:

• Isigaba sombutho.
• Isabelo senjongo kunye neenjongo zesifundo, ukukhuthazwa kwabafundi. Ininzi kuxhomekeke ekuchanekeni kweli nqanaba. Ngokomzekelo, xa uhlalutya isifundo sencwadi, umntu makayithobele ingqalelo yedatha yokuqala kunye namazwi athe utitshala uzama ukulungiselela abafundi bakhe.
• Ukuthatha ukuqhutyelwa kolwazi. Ukubeka nje, ngeli xesha abafundi banikwa ulwazi olutsha, okufuneka "banamathele" kwimephu esele ifunde kakuhle.
• Abafundi banamathele idatha efunyenweyo, bafunde iincwadi baze baqhelane nesihloko, bafunde izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo.
• Utitshala, ebuza imibuzo ehamba phambili, uhlola ukuba ngabafundi bakhe baye bafunda ntoni izinto ezintsha.
• Ulwazi olufunyenweyo luhlanganisiwe.
• Umsebenzi omtsha wesikolo unikezelwa, kwinqanaba apho abafundi bafunda khona malunga nesi sifundo kwaye bafunde indlela yokusebenza ngayo ngokuzimela.
• Ukucamngca. Abafundi bahlalutya yonke into abazivelayo baze bayibone, benze izigqibo.

Indlela yokufezekisa ukuhlanganiswa kokubanzi kolwazi?

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantwana bayifunde ngokwenene ulwazi kwaye bafunda indlela yokuyisebenzisa kwixesha elizayo, kuyimfuneko enkulu. Ukuziqhelanisa kubonisa ukuba isifundo esinye asikho ngokwaneleyo. Kufuneka okwesibini, ukukhawuleza. Ngokubanzi, isakhiwo saso silingana nesasentla, kodwa i-GEF icebisa ukuba abafundi banikele izabelo zesimo sokulungisa: eziqhelekileyo nezingaguquguqukiyo. Ngoko unokubona ngokucacileyo ukuba abantwana bafunda yonke ixabiso lempahla kwaye bangasebenzisa "kwiimeko zentsimi". Oku kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ngoko, sihlenga isakhiwo seeklasi. Kodwa njani umzobo wesifundo ehambelana nale nto? Yonke into elula: ngaphandle kokwazi ukwakhiwa kweklasikhi, kuya kuba nzima ukuhlola nokulawula into ethile. Siza kuqhubeka siqhelana nesihloko.

Iinjongo zohlalutyo lwesifundo se-GEF

Ngokugqithiseleyo inkambo yesifundo esithile iya kuhlaziywa, iziphakamiso ezifanelekileyo nezifanelekileyo ziyakunikwa utitshala. Baya kunceda oyingcali (ingakumbi incinci) ukuchonga izizathu zezo ngxaki ezikhokelela ekungeneni ngokwaneleyo kwento ayinikelayo kwizifundo zakhe. Ukongezelela, ukupheliswa kokuphela kweentsilelo kumsebenzi akuyikukwenza kuphela ukuba kusebenze ngakumbi, kodwa kwandisa kakhulu ukuzithemba kootitshala.

Kufuneka ivuselelwe ngokukhawuleza ukuba icebo elicetywayo lokuhlalutya kwesifundo libandakanya amandla okuphuhliswa kakuhle. Ngaphandle kwesi sikhundla, akunakwenzeka ukuba 'ubuke emva' ukulungisa nokuvavanya iimpazamo zakho kunye neepazamo.

Kutheni oku?

Ngoko, ukufunda umgangatho wokuqhuba iiseshoni zoqeqesho kunika amathuba alandelayo alandelayo:

• Funda ukubeka ngokufanelekileyo iinjongo kunye neenjongo zombini nabafundi.
• Funda ukujonga ubudlelwane phakathi kweemeko nezindlela zokuhambisa izinto kunye nesantya sokusombulula iingxaki zokufunda.
• Ukuqulunqwa kwamandla okukwazi ukuqikelela nokubonelela ukusebenza kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokufundisa ezisetyenziswe ngutitshala ngokwenza.
• Ekugqibeleni, le ndlela yodwa yokudlulisela inyaniso elula kubafundi abaninzi: "ukuqonda" ngokukhawuleza imimiselo ebanzi ekuqaleni kwesi sifundo, kuya kuba lula ukukhokelela kokubili kwisifundo esithile nakwamashishini onke ahlobene. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kwiimeko ezixakekayo zanamhlanje, xa ngezinye iingcali kufuneka zakhiwe ngokuthe ngqo "kwi-fly".

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba icebo elicetywayo liphela. Ngokukodwa, umzobo wohlalutyo lwesifundo semathematika awufani noluqinisekiso lwesifundo sesiRashiya. Indlela yokuhambisa izinto zifana, kwaye nangona kunjalo, kuyimfuneko ukuba abantwana abanomdla kunye nomnqweno othembekileyo bafunde izinto ezintsha eziza kuba luncedo kubo kwikamva.

Yintoni endiyenzayo?

Ngoko, siqala ukuqonda ngokuchanekileyo nendlela yokuhlalutya. Okokuqala, iinqununu zesifundo zifundwa ngokukhetha. Iingcali ziya kuqonda oko abafundi benzayo, oko banikwayo ngeli thuba. Nangona kunjalo, ingqalelo ingqalelo kule nto. Ekuhambeni kwesifundo, ezobuchwepheshe kufuneka zizisebenzise:

• Ingxoxo yencoko. Kule meko, umfundi unikezwa ngumsebenzi onobungozi. Ufuna ukufumana isisombululo sakhe, usebenzisa ulwazi alufumene kwisifundo. Indlela yokungaqhelekanga kunye nobulumko bamukelekile. Ngokukhethekileyo kulungile xa uhlalutyo lwesifundo (ibakala lesi-9 nangaphezulu) liqhutywe kunye neentlanganiso zabafundi kunye nabameli be-shishini (ekuqhubeni ukuqhelaniswa nokuqeqeshwa kobugcisa).
• Ukufunda okuvelisayo. Njengoko igama lithetha, umfundi usebenza ngokuthe ngqo kunye nombhalo, ukutyhila ulwazi oluyimfuneko. Kulungile xa eli nqanaba liqala ingxoxo engxaki: ngoko unokubona ngokugqibeleleyo ukugqiba kokufunda izinto ezintsha.
• Ukucinga, okanye ukuvavanya impumelelo yemfundo. Abafundi bafunda ukuhlola ngokwaneleyo umsebenzi owenziweyo, ukuchonga iimpazamo kunye neziphene kuwo, ukufumana izigqibo malunga nezindlela zokuziphepha kwixesha elizayo. Kulungile kakhulu, ukuba ngexesha elifanayo izihloko eziphambili zibhalwa phantsi, kwaye emva kwemfundo embalwa umfundi uhlola ukuba uyakwazi kanjani ukuhambisana namaphuzu athile. Isicwangciso sohlalutyo lwesifundo esikolweni siya kwenza ukuba abantwana bakwazi ukubonisa ukubaluleka kwesi sifundo.

Yiyiphi imisebenzi ootitshala ukuba bayenze ngexesha lokufunda?

Zininzi zazo, kwaye zonke zibalulekile ngokulinganayo. Umsebenzi ogqwesileyo kunye ocacileyo ulawulo. Ngulo titshala obeka iinjongo aze aphakamise isicwangciso esiphezulu sesifundo, naye uzimisele ngokuphumelelayo ngabafundi abajamelana neengxaki ezibekwe phambi kwazo kwiiklasi zangaphambili. Ngendlela elula, ubeka amabakala eklasini nasemsebenzini wesikolo.

Kodwa ngeli xesha, abantu abaninzi bayalibala ngokupheleleyo umsebenzi wesibini - ingqiqo. Kuye kunotitshala ukuba anqume indlela abazimisele ngayo okanye kungekhona abafundi baya kufunda izinto ezintsha.

Omnye utitshala unokuzichazela izinto ezisemgangathweni zomxholo weqonga kumbali othakazelisayo, kwaye enye, nokuba ifunde umboniso othakazelisayo, ingaba yintlungu. Lo mzekelo wohlalutyo lwesifundo ubonisa indlela ebalulekileyo ngayo intshutshiso kunye nomsindo womntu owenzayo.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda into enye. Xa uhlalutya umlinganiselo wokuphunyezwa kwalo msebenzi, umntu makangacinga ukuba umntu unokubonakalisa njani iinkalo eziphathekayo ezichaziweyo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba uthetha ngokukhawuleza iziseko ze-electrolysis, ngabafundi abanenkani nje kuphela baya kuzama ukuqonda ubunzulu beli qa. Ukuba sithetha ngokucacileyo malunga nokuba iinkqubo ezinjalo zenzeka, umzekelo, kwiibhetri zeemoto, ukuba ngoncedo lwabo kunokwenzeka ukuba zikhishwe izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo kumanzi oqhelekileyo kunye nokupheka ityuwa, abanomdla baya kuba ngakumbi. Lo ngumzekelo ophumelele kakhulu wokuhlalutya isifundo.

Ngezonxibelelwano kunye neentsebenziswano phakathi kwabafundi

Umsebenzi wesithathu unxibelelwano. Ootitshala abaninzi abanakuyinyamekela, okukhokelela kwimiphumo emibi kubantwana. Ukuqeshwa kwale nxaxheba yolu titshala kulula kwaye kunzima ngexesha elifanayo. Kumele afundise abantwana ukuba bathethe ngokuchanekileyo, bazise iingcamango zabo kwabanye, kwaye banganqikazi ukuthetha noluntu. Ngelo xesha, asikhulumi ngokudala "isithethi esipheleleyo": umfundi, nokuba uveza ingcamango ephosakeleyo, kufuneka akwazi ukuxoxa ngayo kunye nabahlobo bakhe, ngokubambisana ngokufihlakeleyo malunga nokungahambi kakuhle kweengcamango zakhe kunye nokuqwalasela izichaso zabamelene.

Ukuba umntu akayikufunda oku kusuka kwiisilumko ezincinane, akukho nto ilindelekileyo. Okanye uya kuba "imvumba egciniweyo", engakwazi ukwenza nayiphi na ingcamango, okanye, ngokuchasene nayo, iya kuba yinto engaphelelanga ngokupheleleyo yombono womnye umntu njenge-demagogue. Kwaye umgca apha, nangona kunjalo kungabonakali, kungabonakali ngokwaneleyo. Oku kuyinyani ngokukodwa xa isifundo sinikezelwa kwisikolo esikwiprayimari, uhlalutyo olufanele lube lukhulu ngokukodwa.

Umsebenzi womntu

Asizange senze into engafanelekanga ngenye indlela, njengoko ukubaluleka kwendima yotitshala ithatyathwa. Ndingayichaza njani? Umsebenzi wolu titshala apha ukudala ubuntu, obunembopheleleko, obunelisayo. Umntwana ngamnye uhlukile, kwaye ngoko kunokuba nzima. Ubunzima obuninzi kukuba ootitshala abaninzi, ngokuqaphelayo okanye abangazi kakuhle, bakhetha "izilwanyana" ezithile, isimo sengqondo ekubhetele kuzo ezinye iimpawu zabo.

Kukho nawuphi na, ezi zigqibo zeengcali ezininzi ezivela kwi-GEF ezichitha ixesha elide zifunda iindlela zokuqeqesha kuzo zonke izikolo zelizwe. Kusekelwe kwizidingo zabo ukuba isicwangciso sohlalutyo lwesifundo siphuhliswa esicetywayo kwisakhelo sale ndawo.

Oku akufanele kube njalo, kuba imeko enjalo ibonakala kwiibhononti ngabanye iklasi, ngelixa igunya lootitshala ngokwayo liwa, abafundi banzima ngakumbi ngamazwi nangezenzo zakhe. Konke oku kunqanda kakhulu ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo kunye neklasi kwaye unike abantwana abantwana ngezinto ezintsha. Ngoko, siye safumanisa ulwazi jikelele. Emva koko, ungagcina ipenseli kunye nephepha. Kuya kufuneka ukuba amanqaku okulinganisa ngalinye lento yokuhlalutya.

Kubalulekile! Kule meko, uhlolo alusekelwe kwiinkqubo eziqhelekileyo zintlanu, kodwa kuphela kwizinga elimbini (ukusuka ku-0 ukuya ku-2). Ngexesha elifanayo, ezi zilandelayo zimele zilandelwe: ukuba "0", isifundo asihambisani ngokupheleleyo nemigangatho. Ukuba "1", ngoko ayihambisani ngokupheleleyo. Ngaloo ndlela, amanqaku "2" athetha ukuba yonke into yenziwe ngokugqibeleleyo. Ngoko, isicwangciso soluhlalutyo lwesifundo sithetha ntoni? Isampuli iquka ukuqwalasela isigaba ngasinye sesifundo ngokwahlukileyo.

Amanyathelo okuhlalutya isifundo

Isigaba esisodwa: ukujonga umgangatho wokuziphatha kwesifundo, ukufunda ukuqhuba imisebenzi eyenziwa isifundo (imfundo, uphuhliso kunye nemfundo). Nika ingqalelo kwintlangano yenkqubo yemfundo: indlela enengqiqo ehlelwe ngayo, ngendlela yokubonisa ulwazi kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo. Ekugqibeleni, into ebaluleke kakhulu kule nqanaba yindlela umfundisi anokuqinisekisa ngayo ukukhuthazwa kwabafundi ukwenzela ukuba bakwazi ukuzuza ngokupheleleyo kunye nekhwalithi ngokubamba izinto ezintsha ezithumelayo. Ukuze iinjongo, umbutho kunye nesishukumisela zihlale zibonisa iingongoma.

Ngoku ke masiqwalasele ukuthotyelwa kovavanyo oluhlalutyiweyo kunye neemfuno ezintsha ze-GEF. Kule nqanaba, imibuzo emininzi iyaphendulwa:

• Ngaba utitshala ukhokelwa yimigangatho nemigangatho yemfundo yakutshanje. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuhlalutya kwesifundo kwiBakala 1 akudingi iimfuno ezinjalo, kodwa xa kuthengwa izifundo zezikolo zezikolo eziphakamileyo, oku kufuneka kunikwe ingqwalaselo eyongeziweyo.
• Ukuxhobisa abantwana ithuba lokuthatha isenzo semfundo jikelele (i-UAL). Ukubeka nje, ngabafundi banokukhawuleza basebenzise ngokufanelekileyo ulwazi olunikeziwe xa bexazulula iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zeemeko.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa iindlela ezitsha zokufunda: iiprojekthi, uphando.

Njengoko kwimeko yangaphambili, kwinto nganye yecandelo lalingamaphuzu. Isinyathelo esilandelayo kukuhlalutya umxholo wesifundo ngokwayo. Ngoko yintoni enye into eyenza isicwangciso sokuhlalutya isifundo sicacise? Isampuli, esinikwe kuthi kumaphepha ale nqaku, inikeza ukucwiliswa okunzulu kwisifundo sesifundo.

Ukufaneleka kwezesayensi zesifundo

Okokuqala, ubuninzi bezinto ezithunyelweyo ziqinisekisiwe ngokwesayensi. Injongo yintoni umboniso womfundisi wale ngxaki. Ekugqibeleni, ingaba umxholo wesifundo uhambelana neemfuno zeprogram. Abantu abaninzi banakukugqala le nto, kwakhona, into engeyona nto enhle. Kwakhona (ngokuhambelana neemfuno zangoku ze-GEF), kuyimfuneko ukuba isifundo siqwalasele imeko ezininzi ezinokwenzeka, ukwenzela ukuba ulwazi olunikeziwe kwisakhelo seseshoni yoqeqesho lungasetyenziswe ngempumelelo ngumfundi kwimpilo yakhe yabantu abadala, phantsi kweemeko "zentsimi".

Ekugqibeleni, iiprogram zezifundo kufuneka zixhomekeke ngokuchanekileyo. Oku kwenza kube lula kubafundi ukuba baqonde ulwazi abalunikezayo eklasini kwaye bakhawuleze inkqubo "yokuqonda" abantwana kwizihloko eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezininzi. Ngaloo ndlela, isicwangciso sohlalutyo lwesifundo se-GEF siquka ukuyeka ukuvavanywa kwezi ngongoma ezilandelayo:

• Ukusebenza kwezesayensi.
• Ukuthobela inkqubo.
• Ukuqhagamshelana phakathi kwamacandelo okufunda kunye nesebenzayo.
• Ubudlelwane phakathi kwezihloko ezifunyenwe ngaphambili kunye nezinto ezintsha. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuba utitshala uqhuba isifundo kwisikolo esiprayimari. Uhlalutyo lwemisebenzi enjalo kufuneka lwenziwe ngokucokisekileyo.

Indlela yoqeqesho

Nanku ugxininiso olugqithiseleyo kukukwazi ukudala utitshala weemeko zengxaki kunye nokuqhuba iingxoxo, apho abafundi bafuna iindlela zokusombulula ezi ngxaki. Oku kwavela kwinqanaba leemfuno ezintsha ze-GEF. Oku kukhangela xa uhlalutyo lwesifundo evulekile luqhutywa.

Iyiphi inxalenye yokwenza umsebenzi okhulayo kunye nokuzala? Indlela elula yokujonga umgangatho wokufundisa ngumlinganiselo wezinto ezilandelayo: "funda, xelela, uphinde ubhale" kwaye "uqinisekise, uchaze, uqhathanise." Xa kuninzi ngakumbi kwaye igqibeleleyo, iinjongo eziphambili kuzo iimpendulo kubo - ngcono inkqubo yokufundisa. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, abantwana bafumana inkqubo engcono yokufunda nokubanzi. Ukuqwalasela imilinganiselo enikezelwa kwaye isetyenziselwa ukwandisa minyaka yonke, oku kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukuba isifundo somlando sihlalutyiweyo, ukugxininisa ubungqina kunye nokuthelekiswa kufuneka kukhuliswe. Abafundi kweli phepha abagcini nje ngokuzikhumbula ngeemeko ngeziganeko ezidlulileyo, kodwa banokuqonda ngokuzimela ukuba kutheni kwaye kwenzeka ntoni.

Ukugxininiswa kwakhona kufakwe kumyinge womsebenzi ozimeleyo wabafundi kunye nootitshala. Abafundi bafunda kaninzi kangakanani iingxaki ngokwabo baze bafikelele kwizigqibo? Abafundi mabafanele bakwazi ukuphulaphula ngenyameko utitshala, kodwa bazimele ngokuzimeleyo isisombululo kwingxaki, besebenzisa kuphela ulwazi olufunyenweyo ngokuzimela. Le yimeko ebalulekileyo, echaphazela ukuba isicwangciso sokuhlalutya isifundo se-GEF.

Yaye njani ukuqokelela? Kulula kakhulu: amanqaku afunyenweyo kwimiphumo yokujonga nganye into ayongeziweyo. Ingakumbi umrhumo obangelwayo, ungcono.