Uhlalutyo uluhlu lemveliso

Inqanaba eliphezulu yentengiso - ukuba enye yeenjongo eziphambili naliphi na ishishini, nto leyo inxaxheba kwimveliso. Kodwa ukuze bazive bezithembile kwimarike namhlanje, kufuneka unikele abathengi esemgangathweni nje kuphela, kodwa uluhlu olubanzi iimveliso mlonyeni. Le njongo iza kunceda ukufezekisa uhlalutyo lomgadi uluhlu iimveliso kunye nezakhiwo. Ngaphezu koko, le ndlela iza kuba kubalulekile kuphela abenzi ezinkulu, kodwa kumashishini amancinci.

Yintoni uluhlu

Ngoko ke, ukuphunyezwa kwesicwangciso lebanga yenye yeemeko ezingundoqo zokwanelisa ngokupheleleyo iimfuno zabathengi. Igama efanayo kakhulu kusetyenziswa ukuchaza uluhlu iindidi zemveliso, yona inkampani ethile. Ngelo xesha ukucacisa inani le mveliso kunye ndibe ngumzekelo eziphilayo.

Amaqondo inokuba iqela, yaye iphelele naphakathi. Kakuhle eli kulingwa ke ngoko kuncitshiswa ekukhethwa ngokomlinganiselo iphelelwe kwemveliso kunye iparameters yayo efanayo.

Phantsi kwalo mxholo kubalulekile ukukhumbula yaye kuluhlu, nto leyo uluhlu lwamagama imveliso eyenziweyo yinkampani, kwakunye yabo. Isethi lokugqibela ngohlobo ngalunye imveliso ngokutsho PRCS (National Classification of iimveliso mveliso).

Kutheni kuyimfuneko ukuhlola uluhlu

Umhlaziyi kwisigaba kwemveliso kuyafuneka ukuze ufumane umyinge inani imveliso. Uhlalutyo imveliso uluhlu nesakhiwo yemveliso It ikuvumela ukuba aququzelele ngengqiqo inkqubo yokwandisa uluhlu lweemveliso, nto leyo ekugqibeleni ixhomekeke ukunyaniseka uphawu ngakwicala abathengi esizithandayo ezahlukeneyo.

Enye ngenxa kuhlalutyo ekhankanywe ngentla apha ke umahluko of (ukwabelana) imveliso eyodwa ngokungqinelana bathanda izinto ezahlukeneyo nabaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kulo. Sithetha malunga nokuveliswa kwezinto ezifanayo ngenye iimpawu zabo abathengi kwaye endaweni enye kwenye, kodwa abe ezinye iiyantlukwano. Le ndlela ivumela ukuba ufumane emphethweni kwi emarikeni kwicandelo wokhuphiswano kakhulu.

Ngoko ke, ukuze ezohlula inkqubo isebenze, kufuneka uhlalutyo bolu uluhlu iimveliso.

ngezigaba yezimbiwa

Ukuze ngcono ukuqonda umsebenzi nokuhlelwa, iyavakala ukuba banikele ingqalelo iimpawu kumgca imveliso leyo. Eli gama lisetyenziswa yokuqingqa neentlobontlobo. Enyanisweni, sithetha iqela iimveliso ezinxulumene ngokusondeleyo ngenxa domains efanayo ukusetyenziswa kwaye, ngenxa yoko ziyilelwe, kuba abaphulaphuli ekujoliswe. nezoshishino kusetyenziselwa ukuzalisekisa kwazo (iivenkile, womnatha ezithengiswa) nazo zohlobo olufanayo. Kuba uluhlu imveliso usebenzisa omnye uluhlu ngexabiso.

Kungenxa imigca ezahlukeneyo iimveliso, kwaye nokuhlelwa yorhwebo. Ngako oko, ngaphandle ukuqonda oko kumqolo ibunjiwe oko luphawulwa ngayo, ukuba kuya kuba nzima kakhulu ukuhlalutya.

Iimpawu nokuhlelwa yorhwebo

Ukuba sizama ukuba ahlole naluphi na iqela imigca imveliso ezahlukeneyo, kuya kuba lula ukufumana ukuba uneempawu ezithile: ukutyeba, ububanzi, ubunzulu kunye nemvisiswano.

yorhwebo nokuhlelwa Gcwalisa - akukho nto ngaphantsi kwenani lilonke iimveliso ngamnye, apho yakhiwa.

Ngama - lo okulandelayo, ngaphandle apho bekuya kuba nzima ukuhlalutya uluhlu imveliso, yaye oko kuthetha inani elipheleleyo amaqela imveliso, leyo eMzantsi Afrika yinkampani ethile. Ngokomzekelo, ivenkile ethengisa, umzekelo, iimveliso zokutya, kodwa unikele abathengi ezahlukeneyo zentengiso: iimveliso yokubhaka, iimveliso inyama kunye nabanye.

Phantsi kwento nokuhlelwa ukuvumelana kuyimfuneko ukuqonda ukumanyana zenza ekupheleni-nokusetyenziswa kwemveliso akwi kumaqela ahlukeneyo neentlobontlobo. Efana nayo kuba ijelo ukwabiwa, iimfuneko lombutho imveliso kunye nakwezinye iimo ezalathayo. Nalapha ke umzekelo ezibalulekileyo ze evenkileni apho unako ukuthenga zonke izinto eziyimfuneko zokwenza, yithini, esityeni kuqala.

Ukuqwalasela uluhlu ngohlahlelo, singakwazi ngoyaba ubunzulu qela imveliso leyo. Kule meko sithetha iinketho ezahlukeneyo zinika impahla ethile kwiqela elinye.

iindleko

Ukuhlalutya uluhlu kwempahla, ixabiso kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ngamaxesha onke, kuba oko kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwinqanaba yokuthengisa imveliso ethile. Xa sikhokelo iindleko zokuvelisa kweemveliso ezigqityiweyo ingaboniswa ngeendlela ezimbini: Imveliso yorhwebo kunye gross.

Xa siqwalasela wonyaka wonke, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuthwala imveliso igqityiwe, kwakhululwa zonke iiyunithi ngaphakathi kwishishini ukuze zisetyenziswe kule nkampani (iiyunithi zakho non-mveliso, ukwakhiwa eyinkunzi, kunye nabanye.).

Ngokomzekelo, iimveliso semi-ogqityiweyo ngemveliso yazo, ezithi ke ngoko ukhululeka osecaleni iiprojekthi yayo yokwakha eyinkunzi okanye iiyunithi zoshishino njengohlobo non-mveliso.

iimveliso yorhwebo, njengoko kuchasene kwisambuku, kuquka kuphela imveliso engagqitywanga. Yeendleko zezi mveliso kuthathelwa ingqalelo kwezo amashishini apho imveliso elingagqithanga kwiinyanga ezili-12. Le meko kubalulekile, kuba kwiimeko apho kwakhululwa imveliso ogqityiweyo sihlala ngaphezu konyaka, kodwa imveliso unreleased olo lunokuxhomekeka nokungazinzi kwamaxabiso ebalulekileyo.

isakhiwo imveliso

kuba Uhlalutyo kuluhlu lweshishini akaphelelanga ngaphandle kokuthatha ingqalelo kulo mba. Phantsi isakhiwo kwempahla eziyimfuneko ukuqonda umlinganiselo iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kweemveliso ezigqityiweyo kwisiqalo kwemveliso yabo bebonke.

Ukuphunyezwa kwesicwangciso isakhiwo sokuvelisa kuthetha ukuba umlinganiselo ekuqaleni awayecwangcisiwe iindidi yayo kukhupho yokugqibela imveliso iye usindiswe. Ukuba isicwangciso wenziwe bengaphuhlanga ngokulinganayo, oko kuya kukhokelela ekubeni kushenxwe oluqaphelekayo oluvela kuluhlu izicwangciso kwezakhiwo nto, ke, kukwaphulwa iimeko zithathelwa ingqalelo xa sithelekisa ukusebenza kuqoqosho lweshishini.

Ukuze kulungiswe le utshintsho kwesakhiwo, kufuneka ukuba bakwazi ukubala nokubala. Ezifaneleke kakhulu ukuphumeza injongo enjalo indlela yokubala ngqo kwi zonke iimpahla, kwakunye indlela amaxabiso avareji. Ukusebenzisa indlela enjalo bangakubaleka impembelelo engathandekiyo yeenguqu kubume neentlobontlobo kwimisebenzi yoqoqosho.

Uhlalutyo uluhlu lemveliso

Ngqo inkqubo zohlalutyo luqala uviwo lomba indlela Dynamics yorhwebo kunye neziphumo gross, inzuzo esisigxina kunye yesalkathisi ibalwa.

Kwakhona wenza nokuhlaziywa zokusebenza apho data zisetyenziselwa ngeveki, iintsuku ezilishumi, inyanga, kunye, ngokulandelelanayo, kwikota. Ukongeza, xa inkqubo ukusebenza ngemigca imveliso ziquka uhlalutyo isicwangciso sokuphunyezwa kakhulu kunye noluhlu nokuhlelwa.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ngaphantsi kwamagama nokuhlelwa ukuze ziqondwe uluhlu lwamagama iimveliso ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela zazo, ezo zisetwe somhleli kweemveliso zoshishino.

Ukufunda uhlalutyo uluhlu lweemveliso, kufuneka ukhumbule oku kulandelayo: xa iqondo eliqikelelwayo ukuphunyezwa kwesicwangciso, xa kuthelekiswa umthamo awayecwangcisiwe nokuveliswa kwezinto ezahlukahlukeneyo yaye isiphumo actual. Ngenxa yoko, ukusebenza kwesicwangciso nako kuqwalaselwa kuphela xa onke amacandelo kuluhlu ziye zaveliswa nangokomthamo ekunene.

Ukuba iziphumo ezinqwenelekayo khange kufikelelwe, ukuze kuchongwe izinto eziye zabangela eziziphumo. Ngendlela, ukuba babe zombini ngaphakathi nangaphandle.

I yangaphambili ziquka iintsilelo eminhlanganweni kunye nolawulo esilandelayo senkqubo yemveliso, isityalo kunye nabanye. Iqela lesibini izizathu kuthetha ukutshintsha kwemfuno kwiintlobo ezithile impahla, imeko lemarike kunye sungula kunyuswe umthamo emveliso.

Indlela lokuvandlakanya

Iqala uhlalutyo kunye nesakhiwo neentlobontlobo novavanyo indlela isicwangciso sikhutshiwe bavelise iintlobo imigca imveliso. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, le yesalkathisi kumiselwa ngokuthelekisa imveliso kanye impahla (kuthathelwa ingqalelo iintlobo esisiseko) kunye naleyo ecwangcisiweyo.

Yenza lo msebenzi - evaluation efanelekileyo - ukunceda iindlela ezimbalwa esiqinisekisiweyo:

- Ukubalwa 'ngumlingani ka ukusebenza kwesicwangciso ukulungiselela ukuveliswa iimveliso ezinqwenelekayo;

- indlela umdla ubuncinane;

- ukuzimisela womxhuzulane ethile kuluhlu jikelele kwempahla ngokwesiseko apho kwenziwa isicwangciso imveliso.

Ezi ndlela zikwavumela ukuba kubekho iintlobo uhlalutyo abanobuchule yaye ngaloo ndlela enze imveliso "ziloliwe" ngaphantsi indawo yangoku.

Formation of lines yemveliso

Enyanisweni, umhlalutyi iba nefuthe elingqale kule kuya kuba yintoni na kuluhlu. Kungenxa ukuyilwa abanobuchule lwelayini imveliso kwaye ingqalelo ukubaluleka iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iimveliso kunye nemfuneko nokwahlukana.

Ukufaneleka kwale nkqubo yenza kube yimfuneko ukuba zokubonelela ezinqwenelekayo ngumvelisi nakubasebenzisi zorhwebo, kwaye ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kungenjalo okhuphisana ziya kufumana iinzuzo eziphathekayo.

Ngokuchasene imvelaphi ezi uhlalutyo lwesakhiwo iinjongo uluhlu kufuneka ziquka ukwabiwa iimveliso iindidi ezifana amatsha kunye namadala kunye. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba siqwalasele kunye nezinye iimpawu ezifanelekileyo le mveliso ogqityiweyo: inyanda kwaye iyunithi yemveliso, ilayisenisi, ukwazi, iimveliso eqhelekileyo kunye nesiphelo ophezulu.

Ngaphambi kokuba azakhele uluhlu inkampani, njengoko umthetho, ukuthi ukwenza nophuhliso lwengqiqo, leyo izisebenzisa ukuveliswa umgca imveliso ethile. Into yokuba ingqikelelo ye imfuneko Kucacile, ekubeni yenzelwe ukuchonga iimveliso ikwazi ukukhawulelana ukungafani kunye nolwakhiwo kwemfuno zabathengi. Kumba kwezi mveliso kwaye emva koko ziya ojolise kwamashishini.

Njani le ngcamango

Ukuze ukuphuhlisa ingqiqo kanye, uhlalutyo kwezalathisi ezininzi:

- kwinqanaba lamaxabiso ukuba iqela imveliso ethile;

- umlinganiselo nexabiso lempahla;

- sihlaziya umyinge kunye noluhlu inqanaba.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-ALS swi kuphela kwinkcazelo ukuthambekela yophuhliso imigca ezahlukeneyo imveliso. Phantsi nohlobo utshintsho kuyimfuneko ukuqonda isakhiwo neentlobontlobo ukuveliswa nemfuneko, ngenxa yoko, ubonelelo yorhwebo.

Ngokuchasene imvelaphi kule nkcukacha, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba uluhlu ngohlahlelo, ucwangciso, ukubunjwa kunye nolawulo - yinkqubo entsonkothileyo ukuba soze ayeke. Yiloo nto ke umsebenzi wenziwe iqela amaxesha kwaye uhlale kuphela xa iqela imveliso ethile ziya asuswe imveliso.

izimiso yokwakhiwa kwe

Ukuba sicinga uhlalutyo uluhlu iimveliso kunye nezakhiwo phezu umzekelo lweshishini enxulumene kubavelisi ezinkulu, kubalulekile ukunikela ingqalelo ukulandelelana oqhelekileyo izenzo isetyenziswa ziinkampani. kubume bayo amathumba phantsi ezimbalwa iqhosha abahlaziyi amanyathelo.

Okokuqala, ukulinganisela lokuba bafuneka ezikhoyo ukwenzela imveliso eyenziweyo. Oku kulandelwa lombutho ukusetyenziswa kakhulu ngempumelelo kwemithombo yenkampani (zobugcisa zemali, izinto, ekrwada, abasebenzi kunye nobugcisa).

Okulandelayo kuza nqanaba ukuyilwa kuluhlu, nto leyo ibandakanya ukuphunyezwa imisebenzi ezine:

- Ukukhangelwa iimfuno zabathengi nabaqeshwa bangoku ';

- babone ukuba nokhuphiswano enziwa impahla, kwaye imveliso izicwangciso;

- isifundo lomjikelo wobomi imveliso emarikeni kunye nokwamkelwa amanyathelo afana kusungulo, izinto ezintsha bajokisayo, kwakunye nokuphelisa lwelayini kwemveliso ziphelelwe;

- ekugqibeleni, ukuvavanya nemiphumela enokubakho utshintsho olwenzileyo (kuqikelelwa umgangatho lomngcipheko ngendleko).

Uhlalutyo Store asolwa yenzelwa phezu algorithm lula (hayi kuthathelwa ingqalelo imiba enxulumene inkqubo zemveliso).

mfanelo

Ukuze neemveliso zanelisa iimfuno zabaxumi kufuna nje iintlobo zemveliso, kodwa kumgangatho ofanelekileyo umgangatho.

Ukuze uvavanyo le salathisi zivavanya iimpawu ngamnye wezintlu ezahlukeneyo imveliso. Ingqalelo kule meko libhekisela neNgcaciso Product ilandelayo:

- ukuthembeka (maintainability, uqinile, ukuthembeka);

- ubuhle (uyilo, inkangeleko, ergonomics);

- (umxholo intsimbi ekrwada, amanqatha ubisi, njl ...) nokusebenza;

- processability (ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nabasebenzi).

Uhlalutyo kuluhlu umgangatho kukuvavanywa ezi mpawu ivumela ukufumana kukubonisa indlela uluhlu olungqamana bekulindelekile emarikeni. Ngaphandle imveliso intelligence ezifana yoko ngempumelelo.

iziphumo

Uhlalutyo uluhlu kunye nemveliso isakhiwo umzekelo Iinkampani ezinkulu nezincinane kuvumela ukuba ukugqiba ukufaneleka ezicacileyo kwesi sigaba umsebenzi kunye nemveliso. Ngaphandle uhlolo abanobuchule iziphawuli ezahlukeneyo ezinxulumene imigca zorhwebo, ukuba athathe isikhundla olomeleleyo icandelo ethile kwimarike akuyi kuba lula.