Uhlalutyo wombongo Akhmatova "Native Land" kunye prehistory yayo

1961. mbongo ubhalwe "Native Land". Esibhedlele iLeningrad kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ubomi imbongi, kunye sisaci lwemibongo zakhe.

kutheni na umhlaba

Uhlalutyo wombongo Akhmatova "umhlaba Native" kufuneka iqale ngokuphendula umbuzo othi: "Kutheni na ilizwe lokuzalwa, kwaye hayi elizweni, kungekhona Russia?"

Lo mbongo ibhalwe amabini kunye ekuqaleni Second World War. Kodwa Akhmatova ubhala akukho malunga lizwe malunga nelizwe labo lokuzalwa, umhlaba ochumileyo - ngumongikazi. Yi gqira isithethe ukunqula umhlaba ngaphambili, kodwa Akhmatova qinisekisa ukuba osahlala kwimemori imiphefumlo yabantu yobuhlanga bakhe. Kwaye ewe, "kuba ukungcola phezu galoshes", kodwa ngaphandle Russia ndawo. Le udaka ukusondla yaye siza ufumana ekupheleni ebomini. Xa imigca wembongi intsingiselo enkulu. Akukho mfuneko ukuba ibhale bacule kulo ilizwe, kodwa kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba oku kuyinxalenye kwilizwe lethu.

ezweni Subject njalo bayiphosa ilothe izibongo uAnny Andreevny. Kwaba nje ukunyaniseka, kodwa inkonzo iLizwe loobawo, enoba yintoni izilingo. Akhmatova wayesoloko kunye nabantu. Ezikufutshane. Kunye. Akazange ukujonga abantu bomthonyama ukusuka phezulu phantsi, njengamanye ziimbongi.

Kutheni na Russia, kunye nomhlaba? Ngenxa yokuba le mbongi ithatha ekhaya hayi njengelizwe, ngokunjalo umhlaba apho wazalelwa ubomi. Yena akazange ayamkele inkqubo yezopolitiko, ingcinezelo nemfazwe. Kodwa olithandayo kwilizwe, abantu ohlala nabo, yaye ukulungele ukuba banyamezele bonke ubunzima.

Kulo yena wabhala ngo-1922. "Hayi abo mna ..." - oko kule kumgca wokugqibela mbongo ukuya epigraph zathathwa. Kwaye ngenxa amashumi amane, nangona zonke, isimo sayo sengqondo ilizwe lokuzalwa kwakhe aliguqukanga. Kwaye ke ngaloo engama-40, uninzi eqalile, yaye isiphelo sawo, kwaye bayahlelwa lizwe.

Ukubaluleka Imbali

ngeke ibe olupheleleyo uhlalutyo umbongo Akhmatova "umhlaba Native" ukuba awuyazi ibali ubomi imbongi. Akwenzeki ukuba baqonde indlela nesibindi bathembekileyo kufuneka ukuba bayeke amagama abo kunye neenkolelo kweminyaka engamashumi amane eyadlulayo, ukuba awazi ukuba yintoni oko kwenzeka ngaloo minyaka.

Uhlalutyo imibongo ka-Anna Akhmatova "umhlaba Native 'ukuba ningaqali ngendlela bemveli - uhlahlelo of izicengcelezo kunye nezinye izinto, akusayi kusebenza. Kwaye ukuba uqale nge, esiphambi ukubhalwa kwalo mbongo ebomini bam, "Anna Zonke Russia", njengoko wabizwa bexesha lakhe. Kuphela Uya kwandula ukukuqonda intsingiselo enzulu umsebenzi, bonke ubukrakra kwaye lonke izwe, imali kuyo.

Ngowe-1921 Akhmatova ufumanisa ukuba umhlobo wakhe osenyongweni olahla Russia. Kwaye le yindlela idityaniswe ukuba ukuhamba ngumntu omthandayo: ithi "Hayi abo mna waziphosa emhlabeni." A mbongo ubhalwe kunyaka olandelayo kwaye ifakiwe ekuqokeleleni Anno Domini. Kulo mbongo, ingqumbo, umsindo, kunye likarhulumente ngokupheleleyo indawo. Sikhundla, nobobo buza kubakho utshintsho ngenxa iziganeko ezilandelayo, kodwa bayiqinisa.

Ubomi phakathi mihobe mibini

Ukususela ngowe-1923 ukuya 1940, IIMVELISO Andreevnu na uprinte. Kwaye kunzima kuye. Asebenzise ntsuku ngqo. Kodwa akuzange kube nzima kakhulu. Ngowe-1935, wabanjwa, unyana wakhe Leo. Njengoko kwakunye indoda yakhe, kodwa uya kukhululwa ngokukhawuleza. Kwaye Leo, emva kokukhululwa emfutshane wabanjwa kwakhona. kweminyaka emihlanu Akhmatova wayephila njengotsaleko noloyiko - ungayixoleli, unyana wakhe okanye hayi.

umoya uvela 1940 ngethemba; imbongi ikuvumela ukuba ukuprinta, abanye abantu kukhululwa kwiinkampu Stalin ngayo. Kodwa ngo-1941 imfazwe iqala. Indlala, uloyiko, ngobungxamo.

Ngowe-1946, xa kubonakala, kuye kwenza ukubambelela iSABC, IIMVELISO Andreevnu bagxothwa Union Writers 'nokwala ushicilelo lwezinto eziqokelelwayo yayo. Eneneni, ndayihluthwa impilo. Ngowe-1949, waphinda wabanjwa unyana ka uAnny Andreevny, kwaye kwakhona kuhambelana kunye neepasela.

Ngowe-1951, oko reduced Union of lababhali. Ngowe-1955 wabuyisa imbongi abangenamakhaya indlu encinane kwilali Komarovo, kufuphi eLeningrad, emva kokukhutshwa kwe-Fountain House ngoMatshi 1952. Nakuba kunjalo, akukho ungxamile ukuyandisa. Kwaye iminyaka embalwa imibongo Akhmatova wavelisa samizdat.

NgoMeyi 1960, e-uAnny Andreevny luqala intercostal neuralgia, athwala isifo sentliziyo eziliqela, iqala intlungu ezibhedlele. Kwaye kule meko yena nguye esibhedlele ngexesha lokubhala le "ilizwe Native". Yintoni kanye nokuzinikela kwakufuneka ilifa ukuze baphumeze ngenxa yokulahlekelwa uthando lwakhe lizwe kwaye ukutshintsha ubumi.

Traditional Uhlalutyo umbongo Akhmatova "Native Land"

Lo msebenzi malunga nokuthanda ilizwe mnye, kodwa igama elithi "uthando" ayikho apho. Ngokusebenzisa uhlahlelo imibongo ka-Anna Akhmatova "umhlaba Native", kulula ukuqonda ukuba ngabom ngaphandle. Lo mbongo yakhiwe kangangokuba ngaphandle ilizwi ityhila uthando ilizwe lokuzalwa kwakhe. Ngokuba lo dvuchastnost isicelo mveliso, yaye oko kuyaqondakala ukuba isayizi.

Ukutshintsha ubungakanani intlanzi iliso lakho xa usenza uhlalutyo mbongo "Native Land". bonke ngabaxolelanisiweyo ngokucacileyo Akhmatova. Shestistopny iambus - yokuqala 8 imikrozo. Ngaphezu koko, kwinguqu esa anapaest - trehstopny, nasemva - chetyrehstopnym. Pentameter - uyaphika ukuba imbongi ayifakwanga ekuqondeni luthando. Anapaest - ukuvunywa nkcazelo elula. Le ndoda - inxalenye ilizwe, ngesisa bakugqala bakhe - ukuthanda.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe kwakhona ixabiso elithi "umhlaba", ngokuhlaziya umbongo "Native Land". Akhmatova kwabo njengokuba abantu ababini. Kulo mbongo, amaxabiso amabini. Lokuqala - indawo apho sihlala sife, indawo ekufuneka elingayi kudilizwa, akunamsebenzi nokuba kwenzeka ntoni na. Okwesibini - umhlaba, uthuthu, "kwemeko phezu amazinyo." yonke nje apha. Walithiywa ( "wathembisa" njalo njalo), kunye "ukrashatelnaya" Lexicon ( "ukuvula", "ikhubalo") bahlale yokuqala, nesabelo iambic. Inxenye yesibini iqulathe zomthonyama, akukho izichazi. Yonke ilula kakhulu, kodwa nzulu. Uthando lokwenene akadingi bokubanga.