Uhlobo emzimbeni leenkwenkwezi. A inkwenkwezi uzalelwa

Isithuba - iinkwenkwezi neeplanethi, iminyele, yaye amafu - ihlabathi omkhulu twisisaka, ukuze aqonde ukuba kumaxesha amandulo abantu bafuna. Okokuqala, ukuvumisa, ngeenkwenkwezi, waza wafuna ukwazi imithetho eliqukuqela phezu kwesibhakabhaka yalo yokuphila. Namhlanje sinokuthi siyazi lukhulu, kodwa inxalenye onomtsalane iinkqubo kunye nesenzeko kuphela ingcaciso libhekisela kwinto esenokwenzeka. Uhlobo emzimbeni yeenkwenkwezi - enye imiba kuxoxwa ngokubanzi ngeenkwenkwezi. Namhlanje, umfanekiso okupheleleyo kakuhle, kunjalo, sihlale izikhewu kulwazi lwethu imizimba yasezulwini.

ezingenakubalwa

Nawuphi inkwenkwezi leyo ibhaluni igesi, rhoqo ikhala ukukhanya. Womxhuzulane kwakunye noxinzelelo lwangaphakathi ukuthintela ukutshatyalaliswa kwalo. Uhlobo emzimbeni leenkwenkwezi abanjalo ukuba izibilini zayo rhoqo zenzeke ngayo yenyukliya. Ukuba bayeke kuphela kwi zigaba ezithile zo yophuhliso izikhanyiso, nto leyo eza kuxoxwa ngezantsi.

Xa iimeko zemozulu elungileyo kwaye kungekho kukhanya okwenziwe esibhakabhakeni kunokubonwa ukuya ku-3000 amawaka iinkwenkwezi ikhweyitha nganye. Nangona kunjalo, le yinxalenye encinane kuphela imali otsho isithuba. Le nkwenkwezi ikufutshane kuthi - oko ilanga. Ngokufunda ukuziphatha kwakhe, oosonzululwazi baye bafunda lukhulu malunga imizimba yasezulwini ngokubanzi. Le nkwenkwezi ikufutshane ngaphandle wezijikelezi-langa - Proxima Centauri. Ukuluma kuthi ukususela malunga 4.2 kukukhanya-iminyaka.

parameters

Inzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi ngoku siyazi ngokwaneleyo ukuba baqonde lichaphazele ukuba kuvele iimpawu zazo eziphambili. Imida ibaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yaso nasiphi na ukukhanya enobunzima kunye nokwakheka. Zimisela ubude ubukho, ingakumbi sicatshulwa manqanaba ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinye zonke iimpawu, ezifana uhlobo, ubungakanani, ngobuhle. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa umgama omkhulu ukuluma zonke iinkwenkwezi ngaphezu iLanga thina, akusoloko kusenzeka ukuba ukufumana idata ngqo kubo.

ubunzima

Xa iimeko mihla ulwazi oluphangaleleyo okanye azithanga ngqo kwi ubunzima iinkwenkwezi zingafunyanwa kuphela xa amaqabane kwinkqubo yokubini. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zibalo ivelise i ukuchaneka sezingeni eliphezulu - 20 ukuya kuma-60%. Kuba ubunzima Ezinye lenkwenkwezi leyo sibalwa ngokungangqalanga. output yayo ubudlelwane ezahlukeneyo eyaziwayo (umz, ubunzima - iqaqambile).

Uhlobo emzimbeni lazo nokutshintsha le parameter uhlala efanayo, kodwa iinkqubo ezininzi ziya kuqalisa flow-moya eyahlukileyo kancinane. Ubunzima kuchaphazela ngqo intsalela thermal kwaye mechanical lonke umzimba cosmic. I elikhulu oko kukuthi, i-mkhulu uxinzelelo igesi kunye namaqondo embindini inkwenkwezi, kwakunye isixa kwamandla fusion eyenziwe. Kukugcina lwesilinganiso wobushushu lokukhanya kufuneka kukhupha kangangoko oko kwasekwa ezinzulwini. Ukuze wenze oku, utshintsho kwi sangqa nkwenkwezi. Ezo nguqu ziya kuqhubeka de ukuhlohla zombini iindidi kuvuselele.

chemical ukubunjwa

Isiseko inkwenkwezi - hydrogen kunye helium. Ngaphandle kwazo, ukwakhiwa luquka ubenesahlulo esahlukileyo nezinto nzima. "Iseti Full" Indlela ubudala ngesizukulwana, yesikhanyiso, ubonisa ezinye iimpawu zakhe.

Ipesenti izinto ezinkulu incinane kakhulu, kodwa kuchaphazela izinga okuvela nokumanyana. ukukhawulezisa Kwalo deceleration luchaphazela ukukhanya, umbala kunye nobomi sokukhanyisa. Ulwazi kwemichiza ukwakhiwa kwenkwenkwezi kwenza kube lula ukufumanisa ixesha nokubunjwa kwayo.

A inkwenkwezi uzalelwa

Inkqubo yokwakha ukukhanya ayikaqondwa kakuhle. A ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo womfanekiso iphazamise kunye imigama enkulu kunye nakwenzeka lokuqaphela ngqo. Namhlanje, Noko ke, kukho ingcamango eqhelekileyo elichaza ukuzalwa inkwenkwezi. Ngokufutshane kulo.

Kuyabonakala ukuba, uvelise ukukhanya ekungenweni gas oluphakathi phantsi womxhuzulane yayo. Kulo mzekelo, amandla omxhuzulane aguqulwa abe bubushushu - ubushushu lukhula kwasekwa globules. Le nkqubo kugqityiwe xa olungundoqo lusitsha ukuze eziliqela million Kelvin kwaye iqala ukuyilwa inzima ngaphezu elements hydrogen (nucleosynthesis). star enjalo kuhlala ngokwaneleyo ixesha elide, elele ukulandelelana engundoqo HR-uRussell umzobo.

elikhulu ebomvu

Inqanaba elilandelayo yendaleko luqala emva kokuba nokudinwa ye kernel amafutha. Yonke le hydrogen embindini kwenkwenkwezi ibe helium kunye yokutsha kuyaqhubeka langaphandle kweqokobhe sokukhanyisa. umzimba engaphandle kuyaqala ukutshintsha. Ukunyusa likhanya, maleko yangaphandle ukwandisa kunye ngaphakathi, phezu koko, zixinaniswe, kuncitshiswa okwethutyana ukukhanya, iqondo lobushushu uwe. Star ushiya ulandelelwano engundoqo lube elikhulu ebomvu. Kule meko, uchitha ixesha elincinane kakhulu ebomini babo ngaphezu kwinqanaba edlulileyo ukukhanya.

utshintsho ongenakulungiseka

Kungekudala (kwimigangatho space) core eqalisa usosulelwa kwakhona, hayi withstanding ubunzima bayo. Ukwandisa lobushushu ngexesha kushukumisa kuyondelelaniswe ekuqaleni of helium izinto nzima. Star kwisibaso ezinjalo nako ukuphila ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo. Kwenzeka ntoni elandelayo ixhomekeke lokuqala iparameters bokukhanya. iinkwenkwezi Kuku Kwathi zigaba eziliqela, xa amafutha siqala ukuvela icarbon lokuqala (wabumba ukusuka helium) uze lesilicon (wabumba ukusuka carbon). Ngenxa yokuba kuqhutywe yokugqibela usenziwa yentsimbi. Kweli nqanaba uza Inqanaba lokugqibela le lomphefumlo inkwenkwezi xa oko kuguqulwa neutron. Noko ke, uninzi ukukhanya emva alitshise lonke hydrogen kwi ethubeni isigebenga ebomvu zibe UDema ezimhlophe.

Akukho zintsha

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba zonke ikhwezi eliqaqambileyo ngesiquphe ikhanyise izulu, ukuba a "usana". Njengoko umthetho, ebizwa njalo-bume - ukukhanya, kwaso ziyohluka kunye nexesha. Izinto ekuthethwa ngazo astronomi njengoko "inkwenkwezi omtsha", kwakhona musa andingowawo umzimba nje wabonakala. Bayibiza yezahlukileyo ezayo, gxebe umngena ukutshintsha Ndileka yayo. Nangona kunjalo supernew kule libha-: utshintsho awo zinokuba ukuya kumaxabiso 9. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ndidi zimbini ukukhanya - ngesihloko omnye nqaku.

Uhlobo emzimbeni ziinkwenkwezi ezininzi namhlanje kucacile, nangona akukho siqinisekiso sokuba data ezintsha musa ekuphikiseni imfundiso esekwe kakuhle. yeengcinga eyamKelekileyo kunye nezimvo kwezenzululwazi ilawulwa kuphela de kube lelo xesha ukuze acacise nesenzeko kokubona. inkwenkwezi nganye entsha yafunyanwa kwindalo iphela enkulu, ngeenkwenkwezi utyhila ingxaki ingasonjululwanga. Kukho ukuqonda iinkqubo yesiqalo ikude nekuphela, it has a izikhewu ngendlela ebanzi, malunga, umzekelo, inkqubo ukuyilwa imingxuma emnyama, supernovae, njalo-njalo. Noko ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuba imeko ingcamango, imizimba yasezulwini kuqhubeka ukuba ukuziyolisa nathi ebusuku. Enyanisweni, ikhwezi eliqaqambileyo aliyeki ukuba limnandi xa sifumana ngokupheleleyo ukwazi isimo sayo. Okanye, icala, ukuba nasiphi na isifundo.