Ukubalwa kweziseko. Umzekelo yokubala isiseko mfumba, intonga, columnar, monolithic, slab. Ukubalwa isiseko isiseko: umzekelo. isiseko ekubaleni roller: Umzekelo

Ukusebenzisa iindlela eziqhelekileyo lula ucwangciso nokubalwa neenqwelwana, umzekelo ekubaleni isiseko lula ukubala. Ngokusekelwe iingcebiso enikwe kweli nqaku ukuphepha iimpazamo ekwakhiweni ngesakhiwo ekhethiweyo (columnar, mfumba, intonga okanye uhlobo ekubhalwe).

base columnar

Umzekelo, usebenzisa isakhiwo esinemigangatho omnye kunye parameters ngokwemiqathango 6x6 m, neendonga womthi 15x15 cm (ubunzima ngokomthamo ka-789 kg / m³), zalungisa kwicala olungaphandle umqulu usambathisa yethemba. Cap isakhiwo yenziwe ngekhonkrithi: ukuphakama - Ububanzi 800 mm - 200 mm (ubunzima ngokomthamo izinto eziphathekayo - 2099 kg / m³). Oku kusekelwe a ngakumbi concrete umqadi icandelo 20x15 (yokusebenza ngokomthamo w / w - 2399). Iindonga babe kubude 300 cm, kwaye uphahla isileyiti leyo zizakubalulwa ezithambekileyo ezimbini. Ikepusi kunye cars ezenziwe ngamaplanga amalungiselelo kwi imiqadi emnqamlezweni icandelo 15x5, kwaye zigqunyiwe ngewulu bezimbiwa (bulk yokugquma ubunzima ngu 299 kg).

Ukwazi imigangatho umthwalo (isniphu), unako ngokufanelekileyo ukwenza ukubala iziseko. Umzekelo yokubala isiseko likuvumela ukuba wenze ngokukhawuleza izibalo ukuze kwakhiwe wayo.

imithwalo namazinga

• On plinth - 149,5 kg / m².
• Imbala - 75.
• ISithethe snow kulayishwa indawo kwi qela phakathi RF wayeneminyaka 99 kg / m² ngokumalunga kummandla kuphahla (icandelo tye).
• Ngokusekelwe kwi-asi ezahlukeneyo yisa uxinzelelo ezahlukeneyo.

Uxinzelelo axis ngalinye

Iimpawu ngqo imithwalo zesakhiwo ezilawulayo avumela ukubala ngokuchanekileyo iinqwelwana. Umzekelo yokubala isiseko unikwa ukuba kube lula abakhi abo basandula kuqalisa.

Uxinzelelo Uyilo "1" ezimanyeneyo "3" (udonga yokugqibela):

• Ukususela log eludongeni ukudibana: 600 x 300 cm = 1800 cm². Eli nani liphindaphindwe Ebubanzini zinonxibelelwano nkqo ye-20 cm (wasibizela finishes angaphandle). Wafumana: 360 cm³ x 799 kg / m³ = 0,28 m.
• Ukususela umqadi edge: 20 x 15 x 600 = 1800 cm³ x 2399 ~ 430 kg.
• Ukususela kumzantsi: 20 x 80 x 600 = 960 cm³ x 2099 ~ 2160 kg.
• Ukususela cap. Kubalwa ubunzima lilonke zonke izinto ezifanayo, ngoko uthatha 1/4 inxalenye yawo.

Ibeka enamacala 5x15 ibekwe 500 yonke mm. ubunzima yabo 200 cm³ x 800 kg / m³ = 1600 kg.

Kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ubunzima slab phantsi kunye Umatshini zifakiwe kwi iziseko ekubaleni. Umzekelo ekubaleni umaleko isiseko ibonisa yokugquma ububanzi ka-3 cm.

Le ncwadi 6 mm x 360 = 2160 cm² cm³. Ngaphezu koko, nexabiso elichazwa liphindaphindwe 800, iyonke imali ku 1700 kg.

Mineral uboya yokwambathisa ukuba ubukhulu ka-15 cm.

Iimpawu womthamo ilingana no-15 x 360 = 540 cm³. Xa liphindaphindwe lexinene 300,01 ukufumana 1620 kg.

Total: 1600,0 + 1700,0 + 1600,0 = 4900,0 kg. Zonke umahlule ngo 4, sifumana 1.25 m.

• Ukususela eliphezulu ~ 1200 kg;
• Ukususela kophahla: ubunzima elipheleleyo kwiziphambuka (1 / 2kryshi) kuthathelwa ingqalelo ubunzima ngemiqadi kuphahla, kunye Isileyiti ukutyibilika nothango lwaso - kg 50 kuphela / m² x 24 = 1200 kg.

ISithethe imithwalo izakhiwo columnar (ukuba "1" ezimanyeneyo "3" kufuneka ukufumana 1/4 inxalenye uxinzelelo iyonke phezu kophahla) uvumela ukubalwa isiseko imfumba. Umzekelo ubume ethathelwa ingqalelo ilungele ulwakhiwo zamachiza.

• Ukususela kumzantsi (600.0 x 600,0) / 4 = 900,0 x 150,0 kg / m² = 1350,0 kg.
• Ukususela eliphezulu: amaxesha 2 ngaphantsi kwe ukusuka eqokobheni.
• Snow: (100 kg / m² x 360 cm²) / 2 = 1800 kg.

Ngamafutshane: isishwankathelo umlinganiselo imithwalo noshowo tonnes 9.2, uxinzelelo yolawulo - 4.1. On asi ngalinye "1" kunye "3" kufuneka ukulayisha malunga 13.3 m.

uxinzelelo eyakhayo axially "2" (umgca longitudinal median):

• Ukususela zidlulela log eludongeni, nomqadi emphethweni kunye kumphezulu plinth amaxabiso umthwalo efanayo "1" ezimanyeneyo "3": 3000 + 500 + 2000 = 5500 kg.
• Cap kunye imbala, baye amanani kabini 2600 2400 = 5000 kg.

Ngezantsi umthwalo ezilawulayo kunye ukubalwa isiseko isiseko. Used in Umzekelo amaxabiso eyiyona:

• Ukususela kumzantsi: 2800 kg.
• Ukususela eliphezulu: 1400.

Ngamafutshane: isalathiso xi eyakhayo iyonke yi 10.5 t, loadings olumisiweyo - 4.2 m "2" ezimanyeneyo ezinobunzima malunga 14700 kg ..

Uxinzelelo axis "A" kwaye "B" (umgca ezinqamlezayo)

Ubalo zenziwa zisekelwe phezu kodonga log ubunzima noshowo esilala randbalok kunye cap (3, 0.5 no-2 m). Uxinzelelo phezu kwesiseko ezi iindonga ziya kuba: 3000 2000 + 500 = 5500 kg.

Inani izibonda

Ukuze ubone inani iintsika kwicandelo 0.3 m, uthathwa ukumelana komhlaba (R):

• Xa R = 2,50 kg / cm² (umlinganiselo wayedla) kunye m² ebizwa yezihlangu indawo 7.06 (kuba lula, ubalo ukuba ixabiso lokugcina - 7 m²), sisalathisi elinomhlathi omnye ithwele umthamo: P = 2.5 x 7 = 1 75 tons.
• Umzekelo yokubala yenkcaso lomhlaba isiseko columnar R = 1,50 kuthatha le fomu ilandelayo: F = 1.5 x 1.05 = 7.
• Xa R = 1,0 luphawulwa elinomhlathi omnye umthamo umthwalo p = 1.0 x 7 = 0.7.
• Resistance umhlaba utwa 2 umphinda-engaphantsi kobuncincane ixabiso indices yetafula 1.0 kg / cm². Kubunzulu-150 cm, umlinganiselo 0,55. Ebizwa sisakhono esibalulekileyo Ikholamu P = 0.6 x 0.42 = 7.

Kuba ekhaya efunekayo umqulu 0,02 eziphathekayo m³ ekhethiweyo.

ufaka indawo

• Phantsi udonga yophahla ecaleni imigca "1" kunye "3" kunye ezinobunzima ~ 13.3 m.
• Axis "2" kunye ezinobunzima ~ 14.700 kg.
• Phantsi udonga nophahla nezamazembe "A" kwaye "B" kunye ezinobunzima ~ 5500 kg.

Ukuba ufuna ukubala isiseko roller, umzekelo izibalo kunye neefomula kunikwa izindlu ezinkulu. azikho zisetyenziselwa zokuhlala ezisezidolophini. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwe ekusasazweni ubunzima, elidinga ukubalwa kakuhle inani zezibonda.

Imizekelo ukubala inani kwiikholam zonke iintlobo zemihlaba

Umzekelo 1:

R = 2,50 kg / cm²

Kuba Iizilebhu eludongeni ecaleni Zinjengeqhezu "1" kunye "3":

13.3 / 1.75 ~ 8 nezibonda.

Ngokutsho esqwini "2":

14.7 / 1.75 ~ 9 iiPC.

Ecaleni kwezahlulo "A" kwaye "B":

5,5 / 1,75 = 3,1.

malunga kuphela 31 column. Womthamo izinto eziphathekayo libonisiweyo 31 x 2 = 62 mm³ cm³.

UMZEKELO 2:

R = 1,50

Ngokusebenzisa i "1" kunye "3" ~ izibonda 12.

Ngokutsho "2" axis ~ 14.

Ecaleni kwezahlulo "A" kwaye "B" ~ 6.

Total ~ iziqwenga-50. Womthamo izinto ukubonisa eziphathekayo ~ 1.0 m³.

UMZEKELO 3:

Ngezantsi, unokufunda indlela ukubala isiseko monolithic. Umzekelo ziyanikezelwa phantsi isalathiso itafile R = 1,0. Kuthatha le fomu ilandelayo:

Ngokusebenzisa i "1" kunye "2" ~ 19 iiPC.

Phezu kodonga "2" ~ 21.

Ecaleni kwezahlulo "A" kwaye "B" ~ 8.

Iyonke - 75 nezibonda. Volume index izinto eziphathekayo imalunga 1,50 m³.

Umzekelo 4:

R = 0,60

Ngokusebenzisa i "1" kunye "3" ~ iiPC 32.

Ngokutsho "2" axis ~ 35.

Ecaleni kwezahlulo "A" kwaye "B" ~ 13.

Iyonke - izithuba 125. Volume index izinto eziphathekayo imalunga 250 cc.

Kule izibalo ezimbini zokuqala izithuba kwikona zifakwa kwi ekudibaneni kwe nezamazembe kunye imigca longitudinal - kunye pitch efanayo. Phantsi wangaphantsi iindonga ekupheleni weentsika ityhidiwe ngakumbi edge concrete msebe formwork.

Umzekelo №3 on ezidibanayo amazembe amalungiselelo kwi kumhlathi 3. Inani efanayo neziseko ezidityaneswe ecaleni "1" axis, "2" kunye "3". Phakathi nabakhi obu bugcisa ubizwa ngokuba 'ityholo ". Kwi 'ityholo "eyodwa iya ezifunekayo ukuseka indlela eqhelekileyo w / w isiseko headroom-isihlenga ukuqhubela ukubekwa yayo phezu kweentsika, ezo zimi nezamazembe" A "kwaye" B "randbalok.

UMZEKELO №4 ivumela ekuhlanganeni kweendlela kunye iindawo longitudinal wezintlu (1-3) akhe 'ezinameva' zezibonda 4 ngokuphambili kokufaka nabo kuphela iindonga, grills. On wabaphangi phantsi plinth lwe umqadi buthelezi.

base tape

Thelekisa ngezantsi ebalwa isiseko komcu. Umzekelo inikwa ngenxa esemseleni wawakhotha 150 cm ubunzulu (ububanzi - 40). Isiteshi igcwaliswe ngomxube wesanti-50 cm, oko izaliswe ngakumbi eziphathekayo ukuya kubude semitha enye. Oku kufuna ukuba uphuhliso lomhlaba (1800 cc), ukubeka inxalenye isanti (600) kunye eziphathekayo (1200).

Ukusuka kwisiseko-4-columnar sothelekiso sithathwa wesithathu.

operation Borer eyenziwa kwindawo ye-75 cm³ ne ri umhlaba 1.5 cubic metres, okanye 12 amaxesha ezincinane (umhlaba eliseleyo isetyenziselwa backfill). Imfuneko kwingxubevange concrete - 150 cc, okanye malunga 8 amaxesha ezincinane, yaye intlabathi iqhezu - 100 (ukuba iyafuneka ngaphantsi imiqadi axhasayo). isiseko Kufuphi wadala umngxuma lokuhlola evumela ukubazi ubume zomhlaba. Ngu data tabular-1 no-2 kukhethiwe uxhathiso.

Okubalulekileyo! Kwimigca ezantsi kwezi data kuya kuvumela ukwenza i ekubaleni slab isiseko - Misela umzekelo zonke iintlobo zomhlaba.

Resistance kumhlaba oyisanti

Table. 1

ukumelana Soil ukuya zeendawana, kg / cm ³

isanti iqhekeza	Izinga Ukuxinana
	tshu	Sredneplotny
elikhulu	4,49	3,49
Central	3,49	2,49
Small: malovlazhnogo / ezimanzi	3-2,49	2
Qu: malovlazhnogo / ezimanzi	2,49-1,49	2-1

Table. 2

zomhlaba oludongwe Resistance

umhlaba	izinga porosity	elana lomhlaba, kg / cm 3
		okuqinileyo	nezimo
obambe sandy	0.50 / 0.70	3,0-2,50	2.0-3.0
obambe	0,50-1,0	2.0-3.0	1,0-2,50
zomhlaba oludongwe	0,50-1,0	2,50-6,0	1.0-4.0

isisekelo esinombhalo

Kule Isigaba sokuqala ubalwe imbasa ubukhulu. Thatha ubunzima wesiqingatha-space, equka ubunzima ufako, akhande kunye umthwalo ongaphaya. Ngokutsho kwesi salathisi kwaye ndawo ipleyiti ibalwa ngokwalo yengcinezelo isithuba emhlabeni ngaphandle ubunzima lesiseko.

Ibalwa mass leyo luswele plate xi kwangaphambili emhlabeni (isanti ukuba eli nani liya kuba 0,35 kg / cm², umlinganiselo mninzi - 0.25, nzima ductile sandy obambe - 0.5, udongwe isiqina - 0.5 kunye drapable - 0.25).

Ummandla isiseko mayingagqithi iimeko:

S> Kh × F / kp × R,

apho S - iziseko yedwa;

Kh - lomlingani ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka inkxaso (oko 1.2);

F - ubunzima lilonke amacwecwe;

Kp - lomlingani egqiba iimeko zomsebenzi;

R - kweelana umhlaba.

umzekelo:

• Free mass wesakhiwo - 270 000 kg.
• Parameters kwisicwangciso - 10x10, okanye 100 m².
• Soil - ukufuma obambe 0,35 kg / cm².
• Ukuxinana kwezi ufakelo lwesamente yi 2.7 kg / cm³.

plates Weight libe lisalele nge 80 t - i ityhubhu 29 somxube eziphathekayo. 100 izikwere, nezinyuko zayo elungelelene-29 cm, ngoko 30 ithinjiwe.

Iyonke plate lokulinganisa 2.7 x 30 = 81 ton;

Ubunzima bubonke kwisakhiwo isiseko - 351.

I plate uba ubukhulu-25 cm: ubunzima bayo ngu 67,5 m.

Fumana 270 + 67,5 = 337,5 (uxinzelelo komhlaba ka-3,375 t / m²). Oku kwanele ukuba isakhiwo ovundileyo ezinokwakheka isamente ingxinano ucinezelo V22,5 (mark nembasa).

Isakhiwo Definition roller

Mzuzwana MU uzimisele ngokuthathela ingqalelo isantya umoya indawo wesakhiwo, nto leyo yamenza ifuthe. kufuneka ithengise ezongezelelweyo, ngaphandle kokuba imeko ilandelayo:

MU = (Q - F) * 17,44

F - ephakamisa amandla amanyathelo umoya phezu kophahla (kulo mzekelo oko 20.1 KN).

Q - ibalwa umthwalo lincinane azilingani (imisebenzi imeko ngayo ilingana 2785,8 kPa).

Kubalo parameters kubalulekile ukuqwalasela umlinganiselo indawo yesakhiwo, ubukho kwezityalo wamisa eziliqela zokwakha. ingqalelo Kuninzi ihlawulwe imozulu kunye neemeko zejoloji.

La manani angentla zisetyenziselwa imisebenzi ngokomzekeliso. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, isakhiwo self-eyakhelwe Kucetyiswa ukuba kuthetha-thethana neengcali.