Yintoni ingxowa-mali macala kunye yintoni na imisebenzi yayo? imali Mutual kunye nolawulo lwazo

Phakathi izixhobo zemali ezingabizi kakhulu kunye oluzinzileyo ezikhoyo kwi kwimarike Russian - mali efanayo. Bavumela nabani na onqwenela ukufumana ingeniso ummi ukuba utyalo-asethi ezithile. Zeziphi ezi nkcukacha ze data amaziko ezemali '? Ngendlela imali engakanani ungalindela xa usebenza mali efanayo?

Yintoni i Fund Mutual?

Yintoni ingxowa-mali ezifanayo okanye ingxowa-mali efanayo? Olu luhlobo eyodwa mali utyalo-mali umyalelo inxaxheba ezihlangeneyo-zimali. Kumele ukuba ukuhlawulela ukudluliselwa nolawulo intembeko lombutho ekhethekileyo uze wenze ingeniso, ukuba umsebenzi amahlakani yimpumelelo.

Ukutyala imali mutual yenziwa ngokusebenzisa nokuthengwa kwezabelo ezithile - "iiyunithi". Ngelo abatyali mali xesha bangabanini, inkampani ulawulo uthwala kuphela ngaphandle kwemali kuyimfuneko.

Yintoni unika imali efanayo?

Eyona njongo apho abatyali-mali efanayo - nzuzo. imali Mutual zivumela abatyali yokwenza abo babe yinto ebalulekile endle zotyalo-mali, - yonke ivolyum umsebenzi enxulumene kuthatha kwinkampani yolawulo. Iingcali lombutho, sithembele izakhono zabo kunye nobuchule-wonke zezona ndlela-mali mali ukuba ulawule. Le nkampani ulawulo buyasebenza ipesenti imicimbi yemali eyenziweyo usebenzisa capital abagcinisa '.

Isimo ngokomthetho funds mutual

Yintoni ngokomthetho imali efanayo? Kusenokwenzeka kuqatshelwe ukuba akukho amaqumrhu asemthethweni. Ngelo xesha, ezo kufuneka ukuba iinkampani zolawulo-mali efanayo. Isikakhulu, umahluko onjalo ubume ngenxa yokuba omabini umbandela zomthetho nezobudlelwane - mali macala kunye neenkampani nolawulo - ukuba overpay irhafu. Dlulisa ebuncwaneni ukuba icebo phantsi ingqalelo yentsebenziswano kwabo kuxhomekeke kuphela ingeniso, efunyanwa abatyali kumiliselo lwe iiyunithi, kwakunye imirhumo yomthetho ukusuka kwingeniso Code yoLwaphulo njengeziko ishishini.

Njani imali

fund Mutual isebenza ngokusekelwe imithetho zangaphakathi. Bona fixed iimeko apho abatyali ukutshintshela iimali kulawulo kwinkampani yolawulo. Umbutho ochaphazelekayo kufuneka abe nephepha-mvume, eqinisekisa ilungelo labo lokuba ukulawula impahla, lalo mali efanayo. Olu xwebhu sikhutshwa yi-Commission Federal kuba Securities Market. A inkampani ulawulo ingadala funds ezininzi efanayo.

Kamsinya nje ngesakhiwo esihambelanayo uya kufumana iphepha-mvume kurhulumente, kufuneka bagqibe izivumelwano ezininzi - kunye depositary, zobhaliso, i Umvandlakanyi ezimeleyo, kwakunye umphicothi. Imithetho ukuba sesitshilo ngasentla kufuneka zifakwe kwi FCSM kwirejista. Kwakhona lwesakhiwo yobhaliso karhulumente efanelekileyo kuxhomekeke kuxwebhu ezikhethekileyo - iiyunithi komoya Ithemba. Kamsinya nje inkampani yolawulo kummisa zonke nemimiselo, oko ukuqala umsebenzi zemali.

Isigaba sokuqala umsebenzi yeKhowudi Criminal - ngumnikelo sokuqala karhulumente yezabelo. Ngexesha lo msebenzi indlela CC ukuba makaqokelele isixa ubuncinane eyinkunzi. Ukuba oku akunakwenzeka, ngoko kukho ingxowa-mali efanayo kufuneka uyathinjwa kunye nemali - wasiwa abagcinisa.

Ukulawulwa ukusebenza Fund

Imisebenzi mali mutual kuxhomekeke ulawulo karhulumente. Umzimba omkhulu, leyo uwugcinayo, - i-Federal Securities Commission. Ngoko ke, lo mthetho kuphuhliso amanyathelo olawulo ngenxa yemisebenzi mali mutual ziye zasekwa imithetho enxulumene izakhiwo utyalo-mali kufuneka athobele.

Umzekelo, i-asethi agcinwe mali mutual ziya kulawulwa yinkampani enye, kwaye agcinwe - kwezinye. Kwinqanaba lowiso, migangatho, ebandakanya disclosure eneenkcukacha inkcazelo mali. Iingxelo-mali ezifanayo nazo zibandakanya iqondo eliphezulu imbudumbudu data.

Ingaba ingeniso aqinisekisiwe?

Le nkcukacha-mali mutual akuqinisekisi ingeniso kubatyali-mali. Inkampani benza kulawulo lwe-mali yotyalo-mutual linyanzelekile ukuba ngentlawulelo izabelo ngokukhawuleza umyalelo kufuna-mali, kodwa iimfuno zomthetho ezinxulumene inzuzo malunga zithinteli akufuneki lusekiwe. Oko kukuthi, nangona imali mutual abekwe njengezixhobo zemali kubatyali-mali abangenazo namava enkulu investment obungcali, loo nto ixela ukuba abanini ezinkulu banolwazi yonke imingcipheko market ezinxulumene.

Umongo ezabelo

Makhe sihlolisise oko izabelo zotyalo-mali. Xa umtyali idlulisela mali mali efanayo, oko kukuthi, enyanisweni, lithi libe emhandzini entlanganweni. Ngoko ke, isabelo-mali se-mali yotyalo-mali ezifanayo - security wena, nto leyo ibonisa ukuba umnikazi wayo inani asethi abanini mali efanayo. Le ummi unelungelo lokulindela ukuba Code yoLwaphulo zilawulwe kakuhle fund-mali. Kwakhona unalo ilungelo imbuyekezo ukuba ikhontrakthi yolawulo trust ziza kupheliswa.

Pai akanalo ixabiso ubuncinane leendleko. ixabiso lakhe imali lubonakala kwixabiso net assets ze Fund. Yiloo nto ke iindleko yeyunithi omnye athathwe iphindaphindeke kwimali eziinkozo-mali efanayo lahlulwe ngenani lwezabelo. Ixabiso kwizabelo ngokulandelelana bahluka iziphumo zotyalo-mali. Pai kwakhona ayikwazi ingqalelo uhlobo equity lwamaphepha, ezifana ezitokisini. Kulo mzekelo, uhlobo olufanelekileyo kwezixhobo zemali ayikwazi kuthathwa izabelo. Inani lilonke izabelo ikomkhulu-mali efanayo abupheleli ngumthetho.

iintlobo imali

Cinga ngoko ke imali efanayo. Kukho iindlela ezininzi ngenxa yokuhlelwa kwazo. Ngokutsho komnye, imali zixhaphakileyo mutual nga zohlulwa ngokwendidi 3: vula, ivaliwe kunye lekhefu. Yintoni Okukodwa wabo?

isiphelo Open-mali - iziko mali leyo ixhaphake kakhulu kuhlobo efanelekileyo. main osemqoka yabo - ukuthenga simahla nokuthengisa lwezabelo. isixa-mali eyinkunzi kunye nenani ezinegalelo alibhekiseli. Ngokuba lo hlobo mali mutual iphawulwa ngokutyala asethi ukuba ulwelo kakhulu.

funds ezivaliweyo mutual Eboniswe ukuba iiyunithi sell kuyilwa xa ekusekeni isiseko. Ezi zithinteli musa ngaphandle inkululeko iiyunithi, hayi ngeendibano ukubala xa amabango mali ngokuchasene nemithetho ye-Code Criminal. Imali esihambelanayo esiyiyo, idla ngokuba ixesha elithile, leyo ekuvunyelwene kwangaphambili ukutyala. isiphelo ezivaliweyo-mali lwengxowa - isakhiwo rhoqo izifundo kwezoshishino. Umzekelo, umsebenzi wayo kunokuba kunxulumene emarikeni real estate okanye ezintsha. Noko ke, umzekelo, "fund yokuqala efanayo zokuqala" evulekileyo. Nangona ishishini ezikhethiweyo wayo - kanye ezintsha enye.

Kukho ithuba lokuphumla mali efanayo. Inkalo yomsebenzi wabo kukuba ukufezekisa iiyunithi, ngokunjalo kwaimpatho yabo nggamathuba ngexesha elimisiweyo. Ngelo xesha mali lekhefu zisebenza ikakhulu kwizabelo. Ngoko ke, amandla kwemali mutual ezifana (ezininzi ncomo banegalelo ukuqinisekisa oku) kusenokuba yinzuzo ngaphezu, umzekelo, iimali ezivulekileyo efanayo.

Kukho elinye kwingongoma nganye ofanayo ukuhlelwa mali mutual - sphere mali. Ngoko ke, i "zokuqala mali efanayo kuqala," njengoko sibonile ngentla apha, osebenza kwicandelo ezintsha. Kodwa kukho iimali efanayo, eqhuba umsebenzi kwi bond, sokubambisa, iimveliso ngokwenene shishino.

Umzekelo, imali, imisebenzi eziphambili kweli kwicandelo iqhina, imali, ubukhulu becala kolu tyalo ezichaphazelekayo ekhutshwe ngurhulumente, iinkampani, ukusebenza kunye needipozithi zebhanki kunye lwemali. asethi zazo idla ayakhekanga ngezabelo. imali Mutual, yelo candelo, abahlalutyi abaninzi kujongwa ndingangi kotaka, kodwa uthembekile kakhulu, ngenxa yobume iibhondi, ebandakanya intlawulo elisisinyanzelo abagcinisa ke izabelo ze umnikeli.

Ngenxa yoko, imali efanayo, luphawulwa icebo lotyalo-high-risk - ngabo abasebenza kunye izabelo. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye isivuno ke ibe ngaphezulu obungako kunokuba kwiingxowa ukuba imali yayo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba phakathi kolu didi mali mutual banesizathu eyongezelelweyo ukuhlelwa amaziko. Ngoko ke, kukho imali zibanga imali kuyo beenkampani ezinkulu - "chips blue", yaye kukho abo bakhetha ukuba utyalo-asethi iinkampani abo basandula kuqalisa.

Kukho iimali mixed efanayo. Kunzima ukuba achazwe ezisebenzayo icandelo elithile. Kodwa ke ngaxeshanye abaninzi kubo oludibanisa arcade games, begxininisa kwizabelo-mali, isivuno ezizezi phezulu kwaye ngaxeshanye iimpawu mali mutual kutyalomali, xa uzinzo ethile. Ukutyala imali kumaziko eso Kucetyiswa ukuba abatyali-mali, apho kwiimalike zemali ezifanelekileyo entsha ngokupheleleyo.

nemisebenzi mali mutual

Kuluncedo ukuba siqwalasele iimpawu ezi uphawu mali efanayo. Zingakotshwa zihlelwe kwi kwezentlalo nezoqoqosho. Imisebenzi uhlobo lokuqala zezi:

• enika abemi ithuba lokuba bafumane ezongezelelweyo emithonjeni eqhelekileyo yengeniso - umvuzo, iidiphozithi, nokuba ukuba ngaba ulwazi ezikhethekileyo entsimini lotyalo-mali;
• ukukhuthaza imfundo zemali abantu (-mali ekugqibeleni uqala ukuqonda imithetho emarikeni, eziphembelela impumelelo mali);
• ukuyilwa lemisebenzi ukuze bezimali, kwakunye abasebenzi enxulumene kunye profile, amagqwetha, badwelisi benkqubo, oonobhala, nabaphathi babo kwiintengiso.

Phakathi imisebenzi yezoqoqosho esisiseko kwemali mutual:

• ukwanda capitalisation of namacandelo oshishino, kwiimalike zemali, nto leyo ekugqibeleni negalelo ekukhuleni koqoqosho;
• ukuququzelela amaphulo oshishino - zombini ngqo (nokukhuthaza bezimali kunye namava ukuvula amashishini zabo ngohlobo kweenkampani nolawulo lweempahla) kunye ngqo (ukuyilwa iiyunithi abagcinisa kwi ingeniso ngokuphucula ulwazi kunye nezakhono entsimini lotyalo-mali);
• amalungiselelo wesabelo ezongezelelweyo irhafu ukuba uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo - ngeendleko notsalo kwingeniso-mali, ngokunjalo imirhumo eyinkunzi egunyazisiweyo, kubonelelwe yi-mthetho.

Ngoku makhe siqwalasele eziluncedo nezingeloncedo xa utyalo-mali efanayo.

Izinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo yotyalo mali

Makhe siqale ngamancedo okusebenza kunye mali efanayo kwabagcinisi. Eyona inzuzo eyayi nayiphi na ingxowa-mali efanayo, ukuba imali run ziingcali ezinamava. Ukuba le njengenqobo ayanelanga, inkampani ulawulo nje uya kufumana iphepha-mvume evela Federal Securities Commission. I-arhente ubeka iimfuno ezithile phambili zemfundo nokusebenza Criminal Code of abanini, ngendlela emiselweyo makangqinisise kubo. imali Mutual kudla inika abatyali kunye namava, ikholose ubuchule babo kunye nezakhono.

Ukutyala imali uhlobo olufanelekileyo mali ziyafikeleleka kakhulu. Elona Isixa mali ezininzi funds mutual - .. Malunga 2-3 amawaka engange, kwaye maxa wambi nkqu ngaphantsi. imbuyekezo esilindelekileyo phezu kunokuba ezinokuthelekiswa kunye ingeniso ukusuka ekupapashweni iidipozithi kunye neebhanki ngokwemigaqo emiselwe ukuba imali enkulu kakhulu - ukusuka ezilikhulu ambalwa amawaka.

Utyalo-mali efanayo kwinqanaba wokhuseleko kule nkalo inani leendlela simthelekisa iidipozithi kwibhanki enye, obubonakala ngokuba yincwadi evuliweyo karhulumente yokhuseleko eliphezulu kakhulu. Ukulawula imisebenzi yeNgxowa-mali yi-arhente ezimeleyo, kwaye amacandelo umsebenzi iinkqubo mali ezifanayo sime esweni ngqongqo kakhulu. kweliso karhulumente Engqongqo zincediswe iimfuno zomthetho, efana naleyo abandakanye kwanembopheleleko Code Criminal ukubeka imali kwi elinguvimba eyahlukileyo.

Phakathi iingenelo ebonakalayo mali mutual - irhafu ethambileyo. imisebenzi yangoku abekho phantsi irhafu. Ukuhlawulwa kwerhafu eyimfuneko iyafuneka kuphela xa ukuthengiswa kwezabelo yi-mali. Ngenxa yoko, i-Criminal Code of iikhomishini iimeko zidla ezamkelekileyo kakhulu ngenxa kubatyali - amkelwe, ngokuqhelekileyo 3-4% ye ukujika eyinkunzi.

imali Mutual nazo neengxaki. Okokuqala, kukho ingxowa-mali ezifanayo ngeke sikwazi ukuqinisekisa inzuzo. Kulo mzekelo, impumelelo inkampani elidlulileyo nje oku kusengaphambili amathuba aphezulu ukwenzeka iziphumo zotyalo-mali. Amaxesha amaninzi, yakhuthaza kwaye ethandwa funds macala, yaye ofumene le iwonga, ukhetha icebo kakhulu kangangoko utyalo-mali, kunye result ukuba abatyali-zimali kusala ungenanto. Kwakhona zingadityaniswa kwi iimeko ezintsha emarikeni. Ngaphaya koko, nokuba imisebenzi ye-Code Criminal anisizakali, umthengi kunjalo kufuneka ukuba uhlawule naye iinkonzo ngokusebenzisa Commission nokunye.

Phakathi bobubi abadumileyo mali ezifanayo - ngexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu zokurhoxa kwemali wemali. Njengomgaqo, abatyali kufuneka ulinde etsalwe imali malunga ngeveki. Kulo mzekelo, kusenokuba iindleko ezinxulumene imfuneko ukwenza iziqinisekiso utyalo-mali ezithile.

Iingcali kwezimali mutual

Zeziphi izimvo ziingcali 'ngemisebenzi mali Russian mutual? Nangona ezi ntsilelo, abahlalutyi ngokubanzi ziquka imali efanayo lwezixhobo zotyalo-mali ethembekileyo, oluselubala kwaye ayafikeleleka. Iingcali uqaphele ukuba imisebenzi mali mutual iphawulwa iqondo eliphezulu kakhulu nokuvuleleka, hayi nje kuphela ngenxa yokuba iimfuno zomthetho, kodwa amaziko kunye data zabaxumi.

Okona kubalulekileyo, ngokutsho iingcali, kukuba ulawulo lwe-mali mutual ikhutshwa phandle ngamagcisa. Kukho izixhobo zemali, into ke leyo exela ukuba isivuno iya kuxhomekeka ngqo kwi intshukumo ye yomtyali-mali. Kwimeko-mali efanayo, ukuba angadlulisela eyinkunzi abanamava abantu babo.

Iingcali zithi abatyali-zimali ithemba ngokubanzi mali efanayo. Ngokomzekelo, ekupheleni kwale ntlekele 2008-2009, xa kukho ezilindelekileyo outflow of abatyali-mali efanayo, abantu abaninzi kangangoko ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka baqalisa ukubuyela intsebenziswano kunye mali. Le Dynamics lotyalo-mali ezininzi mutual ladlula amanani ezinzileyo phambi kokuba ntlekele.

Lingakanani imali kwimali mutual?

Ucinga ukuba yintoni na ixabiso ekulindeleke ngengeniso yotyalo-mali efanayo? Njengokuba sibonile ngentla apha, imali zahlulwe ngokweendidi eziliqela - ezinye ngenxa umnqweno ukutyala imali kwizabelo zamashishini ngokukhawuleza-likhula, kusenokuba kakhulu nenzuzo, abanye bakhetha imali "chips blue", inzuzo ngaphantsi. Kwimeko yokuqala, linokuba ukuba umtyali uya kusala ungenanto, kakade, ngaphezulu.

Kunyanzelekile njenge ndlela fanelekela ku nemiba kwinkampani yolawulo investment. Funds Mutual ukuba zivuleleke abadlali abanamava emarikeni, njengoko umthetho, nenzuzo nto ukuzinza ngaphezu kwabo basandul ezisekelwe - nangona ukuba amabanga emfundo abo babe iimfuno engqongqo kwinqanaba yolawulo karhulumente.

Kwiingxowa ezivulekileyo efanayo, specialising in, umzekelo, phezu imixokelelwane, isivuno avareji - 10-12% ngonyaka. Iimali ukuba imali esitokisini, uyakwazi inzuzo kakhulu - malunga ne-20%, ngamanye amaxesha - ngakumbi. mali ezivaliweyo mutual ngokwemiqathango nenzuzo babe ngabantu abakwizihlalo ophakathi phakathi kwabo bobabini. "Zokuqala fund Mutual," ngokutsho kwezinye data zoluntu, wabhala inzuzo kwamashumi eziliqela ekhulwini ngalinye ngonyaka. Kodwa kuxhomekeka kwindlela bha ukunyuka asethi-mali efanayo - ikomkhulu iinkampani ezintsha. Ezinye iimali mutual Sberbank, ngokutsho data bakarhulumente izivuno abangaphezu kwe-30% ngonyaka.

endle kweemarike zemali, iingcali Sicebisa ukusebenza mali eziliqela efanayo, ngaloo ndlela tshala imali. Ezinokuba, isenokuba ukwandisa inzuzo. Iyavakala, abahlalutyi bathi, ukuthelekisa funds mutual iikhomishini inkulu kunye nezinye iindleko ezinxulumene ngqo ukufumana ingeniso-mali. Unako kwakhona ayiqwalasele iimpawu Code yoLwaphulo ngokwemiqathango wabaseki. Ukuba inkampani yolawulo wavula abadlali inkulu emarikeni, njengoko kunjalo mali efanayo Sberbank, ukuthembeka ingaphezulu ukuba mveliso kutshanje ukuba zibonakele ingxenye ahambelanayo. Ngoko ke, ngokuba umtyali indlela ilungileyo ebanzi ekuhloleni amathuba intsebenziswano naloo meko okanye loo ngxowa-mali.

amathuba izimali mutual

Indlela ethembisa kungathathwa isixhobo yezemali fund mutual? Ngokubanzi, iingcali ziqikelela njengoko unawo amandla elikhulu ngenxa yokuba uqoqosho Russian ngeendlela ezininzi bobabo kudidi amazwe asakhulayo.

amashishini abaninzi akundanelisanga kwinkqubo yezoqoqosho yesizwe ye-Russian Federation. Ngaphezu koko, ngenxa iziganeko ezaziwayo-kakuhle kwiqonga lelizwe jikelele amashishini amaninzi amathuba amatsha, ingakumbi kummandla wokumelana import. Nkqu timboni bebefudula ukhe wabonwa njengoko ifumile (umz, ishishini ukutya, ezinye iinxalenye zobunjineli imveliso yempahla yabathengi), unako ukufumana inkuthazo ezongezelelweyo ngenxa yokukhula. Ngoko ke, le mali kufuneka phi ukutyala yaye, ngokunjalo, iinkampani zolawulo zokuphucula mali efanayo, nathi.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba isivuno izakhiwo ezifana eYurophu asezantsi ngokubanzi kunokuba eRashiya. Ngoko ke, ithemba mali kuqikelelwa ziingcali njengobuhle kananjalo ngokuphathelele kutyalomali nomtsalane imarike Russian for namaqabane angaphandle. Kwelinye icala, abantu bezinye kakhulu ingqalelo uzinzo iinkqubo yezoqoqosho yesizwe ngokubanzi. izivuno eziphezulu kwezixhobo zemali ezahlukeneyo ezifana neengxowa-mali efanayo, ngokuqinisekileyo kuba nomdla. Kodwa kukho into ebalulekileyo ngokulinganayo abatyalimali wasemzini uzinzo kwezoqoqosho xa lilonke, ithemba ngentsebenziswano ngobuchule nalo okanye emarikeni. Ngoko ke, isibheno kwemali Russian mutual iya kuxhomekeka ngqo kwi iza kuphuhlisa njani kakuhle le nkqubo yezoqoqosho yelizwe kuzo zonke ezinye iinxalenye.

market liphuma

Kunjalo, ngeendlela ezininzi kwimarike mali efanayo olukhulayo eRashiya, nto leyo eye amathemba ezinye izandiso umthamo. Le ntlekele lokugqibela wabonisa ukuba abatyali-mali trust jikelele. Lokuphucula imeko yezoqoqosho kwi langoku inqanaba lophuhliso loqoqosho lwesizwe Russian kunokwenzeka ukuba abemi baseza kufumana inkuthazo ezintsha ukutyala asethi ngoncedo kwabaphathi beenkampani mali efanayo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo - mutual iimali engasekho waqonda eRashiya njengesixhobo zemali exotic. Abemi zisingisele ngokubanzi kwintsebenziswano zokuxhamla ngokufanayo nala maziko zemali.