Ukuhlaziywa yamahlwempu ka-1861. Oonobangela kunye neziphumo

Ngonaphakade kwimbali Russia, Alexander II iya kuhlala njengoko umkhululi le ngamakhoboka. Ushintsho of Alexander II bekusoloko idemokhrasi kunye ngokuthe ngcembe. Musa ukulibala ukuba iinguqulelo ngcembe - imfihlelo wokulawula lokumkani abanobuchule. Yaye okwesibini, Alexander wayesazi imfihlelo ngokupheleleyo.

Alexander yesibini ukususela ebutsheni bakhe ahlala hlengiso Sasungulwa. Noko ke, ukuqala, akaba kanye kuphela athathe isihlalo sobukhosi. Zazisithini izizathu unomnqweno loo ukukhululwa kumkani of ngamakhoboka?

1) Alexander owesibini, njengoko Umlawuli osisilumko nesemgangathweni, waqonda ukuba serfdom iziqhoboshi karhulumente. Ukususela ukusetyenziswa kwaso nasiphi na element ikhoboka ihlabathi yaseYurophu kudala wala. Russia iqhubekile ukuba madolw 'anzima, ngenxa yokoyika indlela ukwenza iinguqulelo. Ngokutsho Alexander II, kuphuculo yamahlwempu ukuba kupheliswe nobangela zonke Russia lisasalele emva amagunya ehlabathi.

2) Alexander wayeqinisekile kakhulu ukuba ubukho serfdom kweli lizwe alundilungelanga amandla ukuziphendulela eRashiya. Serfdom eRashiya kwakhokelela ekuncipheni simo phakathi amagunya yaseYurophu. Ngaphezu koko, kwiikumkani yaseYurophu ingqalelo phantsi isidima bakhe ukuba baqhubeke kunye nemicimbi Russian. uthanda nje ngemihla ka-Russia yamandulo, apho Vladimir ayikwazanga kuphumelela esandleni inkosazana kweConstantinople kuphela ngenxa yokuba weeNtlanga.

3) Musa ukulibala ukuba kwenkosi entsha wakhulela umoya wokukhanya kunye nedemokhrasi. nezazi Creative sele kudala ukuba ukupheliswa serfdom. Umfundisi Alexander II ebutsheni bakhe waye Vasily Zhukovsky, ngubani waye eyinganga yama koongqondo okudala kwekhulu XIX. Oku kucingwa ukuba abe ngutitshala Zhukovsky Pushkin. Ngokutsho Alexander II, guqula yamahlwempu kufuneka abe nempembelelo entle component yokomoya eluntwini Russian.

Ekuqaleni kuba kubuyiselo yaqaliswa ngo-1857, xa inkosi wadala ikomiti ngasese. umsebenzi Secret ibikukuphuhlisa isicwangciso, apho ukupheliswa serfdom wawuza kuba yeyona kakuhle kwaye zokuqhubela.

Eyona ngxaki inkulu eyenzelwa inkosi amelwe umdla kokuphikisa ngamakhoboka kunye yezikhulu. Iingangamsha baba ngokunyanisekileyo babeqinisekile ukuba ukupheliswa serfdom, eli lizwe akukho okulungileyo. Abazange ukuba ahlukane ilizwe labo kunye nabalimi bakhe.

Le nqaba, ngokuchasene noko, wayekholelwa ukuba kuphuculo umlimi kufuneka kubuyiselwe inkululeko yabo ngokupheleleyo, ngaphandle kwakhona azise nomhlaba apho ukuba usebenzise uqoqosho. Ukukholisa kunye njalo, kwaye abanye baye akunakwenzeka.

1861 Februwari 19 , kukho isiganeko ebalulekileyo lonke Russia - serfdom kwayekwa. Kulo lonke eli lizwe, ezicaweni kufundwa ummiselo ka-Alexander II. Ngokutsho lo myalelo, zonke ngamakhoboka bafumene inkululeko yokuzimela geqe ngabanini bangaphambili. yamahlwempu ngasinye sifumene ilizwe ukuze bazisebenzise. Nangona kunjalo, lo mhlaba kuseyinto lilifa ndawo. Abalimi kufuneka ukuba bathenge ilizwe labo kumnikazi, efuna inkululeko eziphathekayo.

Ngenxa yoko, ukupheliswa serfdom ngo-1861 ngonaphakade yatshintsha Russia. Nangona kunjalo, akukho abanini okanye abalimi zange aneliseke. Abanini babevakalelwa kukuba rob wabo, ukubamba inkunzi emhlabeni esemthethweni. Abalimi babeqinisekile ukuba serfdom owayesakuba wanika indlela entsha leyo eyaziwa ngokuba castings. Ngenxa yoko, Alexander II phantsi phantse onke amacandelo oluntu. kweminyaka engama-20 kamva, Alexander uya kulahlekelwa kholeka phakathi iindimbane. Ngowe-1881, wayeza kubulawa abo babemenzele iyelenqe phakathi iiklabhu iintsomi, abafumana zisasazwe ekhethekileyo eRashiya kwi kwenkulungwane ye-19.

Phezu koko, lo ungowesibini, Alexander wangena imbali naseRussia njengohlobo inani elikhulu, wenguquko nanto, yezopolitiko imboni. Kuyinto ngenxa yeenzame ngokutsha asebenzayo Russia Alexander II has a look mihla.