Ezinamaphiko Hussars. Polish ezinamaphiko Hussars. History of Arms

Icandelo lokuqala yamahashe zezibonda kwasekwa phantse ngexesha elinye njengoko urhulumente Polish. Kwisiqingatha sesibini we-10 - kwenkulungwane ye-11, Poland kwimephu of the Ages oluphakathi urhulumente encinane. Uninzi lithathe kwizizwe ezahlukeneyo Slavic. Kumantla zobukumkani imida Poland kunye nemiyalelo Prussia kunye knightly, empuma - kunye Kievan Rus, nakwelasezantsi - kunye ubukumkani Hungarian.

Ababhali-mbali bayazi malunga ebizwa ngokuba "chain imikhosi isikrweqe" ixesha lokuqala Mieszko kunye Boleslaw namagorha. Ngenxa ubukumkani elomeleleyo amahashe of Poland akuxhomekekanga ziqondeka IMbasa Ngekrele kunye Teuton njengoko utshaba. Kodwa ke abamelwane - Lithuanians - ukwenza ulawulo lwazo akazange iikhompawundi ihashe enzima, njengoko kwaba amahashe ukukhanya, Ebhinqe kunye kwenkcula neentonga. Ngoko ke, abazange bakwazi ukuyeka mabutho umbhinqo enzima, ukuvumela imiyalelo ukumbamba ezinye nokuxubana ummandla kunye Prussians.

hussars Polish - mabutho mgaqweni

Xa Battle of Grunwald Julayi 15, 1410 phakathi odolo knightly kunye uBukumkani Poland e manyano ne-Lithuanian seLizwe indima enkulu uloyiso wenza Tatar amahashe ukuba zaphembelela ayaphula Crusaders wokhuselo.

Ngexesha le Years War kunye Sweden iminyaka 1630-1660 yomkhosi Polish bayithabatha yokuqesha amahashe mgaqweni le Lithuanians, nangezinto, yayingamaSerb, Hungarians kunye nezinye iintlanga. Koko wawagayela kumabutho omkhosi kakhulu, ngubani uyazi ukuba mawuzisebenzise njani nayiphi na imeko elula kunokuba bathande imfazwe utshaba imiqolo ngocwangco. Kodwa Sweden, nongakhange olu hlobo umkhosi, nzulu qhagamshelana boyika kunye amahashe ukuya kwindlela namahlakani - Cossacks.

Ngenkulungwane yokuqala 16 Polish owamahashe yayiquka ihashe iikhompawundi kakhulu kwaye ukukhanya iziqwenga irregular, eziquka Tatar, Zaporozhtzi, Serb Lithuanian Moldovans kunye nezinye izizwe. Ezi yunithi zomkhosi ezibubungqina Okwemfazwe ezininzi amadabi. Ukudala kwamabutho Polish iindawo rhoqo rhoqo iye yaba yinto ixesha.

Rzeczpospolita - ukuma entsha kwimaphu of Europe

Xa simanyene Poland kunye Lithuania, kwabakho ebizwa ngokuba yi- Rzeczpospolita, nto leyo ukukhusela imida akumzantsi nasempuma ezifunekayo iiyunithi ezintsha owamahashe elula ngaphezu kopeynye elinabakhweli angaphakathi. Inkqubo entsha ye ekhusela imida ngokuba "waphosa-umgca", yaye intloko yayo yokuqala elimisiweyo Petra Myshkovskogo. Ngoko kuqala kwafika hussars Polish. Ekuqaleni ukuyilwa zezi yunithi zomkhosi ukuba bagaywe bolunye uhlanga, ezifana namaSerb, yaye kamva waqalisa ukuba umva nezibonda.

Hussar kudla yahlulwe pikemen kunye abatoli, njengoko xa nisaqala yokulungiselela ukuziphendulela imida ayikho amahashe ngokwaneleyo enzima. Ngoko ke, unxulumano hussar ukukhanya bafunda kulwa ashinyeneyo kunye skirmishing.

Kancinci kamva baba hussars ixhaphake iiyunithi zomkhosi kulo lonke Commonwealth. Umkhosi Polish ukubabamba kumafa layo kunye knightly mahashe. umkhonto nganye okanye umhlobo (ukusuka ngeendlela Polish "umhlobo") ababeze umkhosi, ndawonye abatoli embalwa, ebizwa paholikami. Ukuba ingaba abantu-2 ukuya ku-14 okanye ngaphezulu. Kwakukho iimeko rhoqo xa umkhonto nako kuza yena, bengahambi. Kwezikhali paholiku wathenga comrade, ngenxa yokuba izixhobo ziye kuhluka.

Xa phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-16 ngenxa kusasazwa eYurophu kompu kwi imfuno amahashe enzima lehla. Ngoko ke, yayingeyiyo Polish uKumkani Stefan Batory, ngonozakuzaku cleverest kunye nomphathi yokuluka, waza waqalisa wokuhlaziya umkhosi, kuquka mahashe.

Imvelaphi iiyunithi Polish elite abakhwele

Famous phakathi kwe Polish ngabafo hussar inxalenye ngokuthe similise cuirassier amahashe. Ezi uxhulumaniso elite baqalisa ukuba abanini sisityebi. Ngamnye kubo kufuneka eze kunye ne-paholikov 4. Polish ezinamaphiko Hussars kwafuneka ukuba ihashe elungileyo. Ukuya imfazwe, kwafuneka ukuba asebenzise umkhonto, nezikrweqe kunye detox engqinibeni, nesigcina, ikuqhuma elifutshane, saber okanye broadsword. Ngokuqhelekileyo, la maqabane isikrweqe phezulu enxibe izikhumba zezilwanyana ezahlukeneyo. On the Imizobo badala kusoloko kubonwa nje hussar enamaphiko enxibe nengwe eluswini, ingwe, ibhere, ingcuka kunye nezinye izilwanyana.

ezinamaphiko Guard

Maqabane kunye paholiki rhoqo kunxitywa phezu kuyilo iintonga amaphiko. Isenokuba amaphiko Turkey, irhanisi okanye ukhozi. Ekuqaleni wenza amaphiko ezincinane ezaqhotyoshelwa ikhaka okanye pommel kwe iinqwelo ngasemva. Kukholelwa ukuba ngexesha intshukumo iintsiba yapapasha isandi engentle amahashe bangaqeqeshwanga utshaba. Nembila utshaba, waqumba, engavumi ukuthobela imiyalelo abakhweli - nasengcamangweni yotshaba yahlukana yaba kwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo olungalawulwayo.

Ngenkulungwane ye-17 iyunifom hussar lilimbi amaphiko beye baba bakhulu kwaye baqalisa ukuba iqhotyoshelwe isikrweqe emva usixhome phezu kwentloko umkhweli. Ngenxa oku, kwamaphiko kufuneka amathuba angaphezulu - ukukhuselwa umkhweli Ay kwentsholongwane nokuthomalalisa amandla ayo xa lehla. Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba amaphiko ezinkulu izikhumba zezilwanyana, ubeke phezu izihlangu zabanyathela ngezihlangu ekungxoleni kokulwa, kwafuneka ukuba ukuzidimaza kumdlali welinye icala. Le liyavumelana na ubungqina zembali.

Enye nxaxheba edabini kuthelekiswa regiments Polish, ngokukodwa amahashe ezinamaphiko e Vienna ngo-1683, nto leyo eyakhokelela uhlaselo nomkhosi Turkish, kunye iingelosi, wehla evela ezulwini ukohlwaya aboni. Ezinye mbali bakholelwa ukuba eli siko liye kufika bevela kude Asia kwaye kwafikela kwi-Ottoman.

Formation of iiyunithi hussar Polish

Hussar ibhena yaba umkhosi elite Rzeczpospolita. Wabaleka kwebhanile umthetheli, yaba umncedisi wakhe sombutho irhuluneli wayemi ngezantsi, kwaye incinane yaba isithuba umyalelo nguSajini.

Ezinamaphiko Guard akazange kakhulu, njengoko eyodwa loo qhawe (ihashe, nezikrweqe kunye nezixhobo) eninzi kakhulu. unokunyusa imali uthenga iwaka imipu kunye neentlawulo kubo okanye pounders-6 ezilishumi. Ngoko ke, oko regiments hayi ngaphezulu kwe ezimbini okanye squadrons ze hussars ezinamaphiko (abantu abangekho ngaphezulu kwe-700-800) e angaphathi yomkhosi nganye.

Equipment hussars Polish

izixhobo paholikov usaqhubeka ngeendleko akanye bakhe, bexhobe ezahlukeneyo izixhobo. Onyuswe kwamabutho compound wababala 50-120. Ngoxa kumazwe aseYurophu ube sowuyisusile iikopi hussars ezinamaphiko waqhubeka ukuzisebenzisa. ubude incula laliziimitha 6-6.5, kwaye yaba isixhobo inzima kakhulu.

Ngenkulungwane ye-17 lwemipu nangoku zezakudala. Ngompu emva udubulo evela umpu okanye imbumbulu kude azifane hits kwithagethi, yaye ukuze inqanawa iphinde iye kuzilayisha yathabatha ixesha elininzi. Ngelo xesha linye hussars ezinamaphiko yakwazi ukoyisa umgama ukuya utshaba multimeter umkhonto wakhe wamzalela utshaba akanalo ixesha uyitshaje imbeke akanaye saber zifikelela okanye likrele, apho ndandingakwazi ukumelana imikhonto elide kunye nomkhosi amahashe yokuchatshazelwa.

Xa amadabi amaninzi yembali ngenxa oku ukuba iphumelele Okwemfazwe liliphalaza igazi elimsulwa, ezifana Idabi Klushino ngo-1610 nxamnye balwa okanye imfazwe kunye Russian kwi uMenzi ngo-1660.

Ukongeza iikopi kwi hussars kwaba saber, ubude ikrele 1.7 yeemitha ukuba isikrweqe bamhlabileyo utshaba pistoles ezimbini, shelwe kwi holsters iinqwelo baye nezaphetha.

uniform Hussar leyo yayiyinzwakazi encamisileyo, ukuba ihonjiswe imifanekiso phezu kwesifuba ekhohlo - nguMama kaThixo, ukuya ekunene - umnqamlezo yamaKatolika. Kodwa ngaphandle ubuhle kwakufuneka ukukhusela enkosini yakhe. weentonga Hussar nako ukumthintela edubuleyo ngqo ukusuka musket kumgama mabini izantya, nokubuya umva, baba nezangaphakathi ukuba shot ngqo Pistol.

Ezingeloncedo le hussars Polish

Nangona kunjalo, akukho iinxalenye abangabancedani kwaye ukukhanya nomkhosi amahashe hussars ezinamaphiko yaba utsalo lula lula umkhweli, ukuba uyakwazi ukwenza, nge ekhohlo umgca pin hussar ngecala diff okanye yambetha, isithi kuye. Ngale ndlela woyiswa umkhosi Polish, nkqubo leyo iquka hussar le-General Gordon, aphilileyo Sokolnicki kunye Baron Odta kweli dabi Slobodischem kunye Zaporizhzhya Cossack regiments.

Kwakhona, imbali esemthethweni eyaziwa enyanisweni, xa umncedisi Wallenstein wathandaza uKumkani eyathatha III ukumthuma athembise 10000-12000 ezinamaphiko hussars, kwaye inani elifanayo Cossacks.

Polish Hussars njenge umatshini we-Russian-Calvary

Polish kwamabutho enamaphiko yaba prototype wadalwa i Russian hussar elite amahashe yokuqala kwisiqingatha sokuqala kwenkulungwane ye-17. Russian hussar kwecala 735 amahashe wadalwa 1634. Kwakugcwele amaqela amathathu umkhosi ebaleka Khovanskii Prince, Prince Mescheretskogo kunye nomphathi Rila. Eli qela bakhonza Tula.

Kwimbali kwimeko xa 1654, kwicala Russian sele kudlule malunga eliwaka hussars ezinamaphiko phantsi ngokomlomo Keele.

Poland ngenkulungwane ye-18 kunye mkhosi uNapoleon kaThixo

Ekuveleni iinkulungwane 18-19, iiyunithi Polish kunye namajoni French kwenziwa amaphulo zomkhosi nxamnye eItali Germany. Ezi kumiswa lomkhosi ekuthiwa iDanube kunye tho Italian. Baba isiseko lokuyila odumileyo Vislskogo AseFransi. Ngowe-1809, umkhosi Polish kwinkulungwane ye-18 esongezelelwe Hussars ezimbini wadala Marshal Poniatowski eseGalicia. Kodwa ngo-1812 Poniatowski ndiyalele hussar na izigaba ezithathu. Kakade ke, zikho nezinye izinto hussars ezinamaphiko, isoyikisa ukuya ephakathi eYurophu, kwamabutho ukukhanya.
Kwakhona, le hussars Polish zibe iindawo imikhosi Napoleonic:

• Ezimbini Hussars Brune njengenxalenye zezindlu;
• elinye ibutho Hussars kwi isicima Syubervi;
• kule minyaka 1813-1814 nangamajoni ukukhanya Polish ezibe imeko-8 Corps Poniatowski kunye 4 izindlu Kelerman.

regiments Army Polish exabisa phakathi njengeemashali uNapoleon kaThixo. Umzekelo, ukwakha Poniatowski, ngubani phambili ukuya ESmolensk nohola endala, Kutuzov banyazelisa ngoSeptemba 5, 1812 ukuba lirhoxe Shevardino redoubt. Yaba ekuqaleni kwemfazwe Borodino, apho izibonda bakwazi ukuthatha ngempumelelo ilali Utitsa.

Poland, owamahashe yayo ngenkulungwane XX

Emva ukoyiswa ukubhukuqwa kukaNapoleon ngo-1814, Poland kwimephu yaseYurophu cishe engekho. Kuye zahlulo phakathi eRashiya kunye Austria-iHungary, kwakunye ubukumkani Prussia.

Poland yazimela kuphela ngo-1917, ngelo xesha nye kulindelekile kwakhona abunjwe regiments hussar mahashe. Nangona ngo-1914 hussars Polish walwa yinxalenye yoBukhosi baseRashiya kwicala le Austria. Kanti ke wayenomkhosi Polish umthetho yi Pilsudski. Ezi hussars abafake kwimfazwe yamakhaya eRashiya eSiberia xa umkhosi Kolchak kaThixo. iiyunithi Hussar wabonakala emfazweni kunye nomkhosi ka Tukhachevsky ngo-1920.

Imbali hussars Polish zithunywa zimaphiko sagqitywa ngowe-1939, emva kweenyanga amadabi bamagazi amahashe nekomkhulu FOUND of Poland wafakwa nxamnye kwamatanki - Warsaw.

Interesting amanqaku ngembali malunga hussars ezinamaphiko

Polish hussar abakhwele kwiinkulungwane 16-19 baba izihloko ezibini umdla: kwi-Commonwealth babizelwa elearami iintshaba - hussars eziphaphazelayo, owathi, ngenxa kwamaphiko emva ngokwenene luphaphazela phezu ledabi.

Kwakhona hussars aziphethe kwamchukumisa wonke kunye iimbono zakhe. Ndandingasakwa- engaziqhelanga etyeni. Ngoko ke, amajoni ka Ivan labangcangcazelisi; baba kufuphi Kazan, weza isiphithiphithi bakuba bebonile Cossacks amazwe - Hussars, festooned kunye nento ephakathi kunye izikhumba zezilwanyana ezahlukahlukeneyo, ukusuka ingwe ukukuthwala. Uninzi amajoni babecinga babebona phambi amaNdiya, hayi mahashe mihla.

Njengoko mihla bonke abantwana phantse sifuna ukuba oosomajukujuku okanye paratroopers, yaye ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 phantse lonke ulutsha Polish wayefuna ukuba hussars. Kodwa iyunithi elite, ukuthatha okuhle kakhulu. Kwakufuneka ukuba ukukhula nokuma lweembaleki, kwamabutho elungileyo kunye noqeqesho emkhosini, kunye nezibonelelo zemali endilisekileyo, njengoko hussar wayemhle kwaye iyabiza isinxibo (elite emva bonke!), Yiba ihashe, yaye ngamanye amaxesha amahashe ezimbalwa, baye bonke izixhobo eziyimfuneko kunye nezixhobo, kunye yokugqibela kodwa okungakuncinananga factor - ngaphandle koloyiko. Ngesizathu esihle Lannes, Marshal of kukaNapoleon kaThixo yomkhosi, wathi ngexesha ukuba hussars, ngubani wayeneminyaka engamashumi amathathu ubudala yaye akakho kodwa ufile, - inkunkuma, hayi hussar.

Ukukhunjulwa mabutho ezinamaphiko

Kodwa hussars ezinamaphiko akazange aye ncam ngaphambili. Kuba abantu Polish, la majoni aba abavikeli amanene, nesibindi nesibindi yelizwe labo ilizwe labo. Kuba ngexesha layo, mabutho ngenene baba "isixhobo ngokupheleleyo" ekusombululeni yeemfazwe emkhosini.

regiments Noble kunye nabaphetheyo ezinamaphiko Guard wangena nzulu imemori kuphela nezibonda zaso, kodwa bonke abemi namazwe angabamelwane. Baba kwaye amaqhawe esizwe zonke izizukulwana zolutsha Polish.

Nangoku, kweli xesha lethu, kukho iyunithi ihelikopta ukulwa ebizwa kumkhosi Polish "ezinamaphiko Hussars". Kutshanje, le ntaka ziye maxesha olunzulu kwakhona izixhobo-le mijukujelwa ezintsha anti-itanki kunye neenkqubo zokulawula umlilo. Le ntaka Polish ithathwa enye nokulwa kakhulu ehlabathini -moya.