Ibhinta lokufa kwabasetyhini kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala. Imbali yokudalwa kwamabhinqa amabhinqa

Ibhinqa lokufa kwabasetyhini kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi I (ifoto ifumaneka kwinqaku), ivela kwi-Rhest of Government Routine. Omnye wabaqalisi abaziintloko bokudalwa kwayo nguMnu Bochkareva. Ibhinta lokufa kwabasetyhini kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi I yamiselwa ukuphakamisa umoya wokulwa wamasoldini angamadoda ayenqaba ukuya phambili.

Maria Bochkareva

Ukususela ngo-1914, wayekho ngaphambili kwinqanaba legosa elingenakugunyazwa, efumene imvume ephezulu kule nto. Ngombulelo bakhe ngo-1917, uMaria Bochkareva waba ngudumo. URodzianko, owafika ngo-Apreli kwi-Western Front, wafumana intlanganiso kunye naye, waza wamthabatha naye ePetrograd ngenxa yomzabalazo "wokuphela kokuphumelela" kwimikhosi yasegumbini naphambi kweendwendwe zeNdibano yePetrograd Soviet. Enkulumweni yakhe, uBochkareva wanikela isiphakamiso sokwenza ibhinta lokufa kwabasetyhini. Kwimfazwe, wathi, le nto yayimfuneko kakhulu. Emva koko, wamenywa ukuba athethe kwintlanganiso yoRhulumente wexesha elihle.

Iimfuneko zokulungiselela ukwakheka kwenkampani

Ngethuba likaMfazi weSizwe wokuqala wezobudala - abafundi be-gymnasium, abafundi kunye nabameli bezinye iindawo zoluntu-bahamba ngokuzithandela ngaphambili. Kwi-"Herald ye-Red Cross" ngo-1915 ibali lavela malunga namantombazana a-12 alwa eCarpathians. Babeneminyaka eyi-14-16 ubudala. Kwiimfazwe zokuqala, amabini e-gymnast afa, kwaye amane awonzakele. Amajoni asabela ngendlela yobawo ntombazana. Bawunifomene, bafundisa ukudubula baza babhalela phantsi kwamagama omadoda njengabanini. Yintoni eyenza abafazi ababukeka kakuhle, abatsha, abatyebi okanye abahloniphekileyo, bajikela kwimikhosi yemikhosi? Amaphepha kunye neenkumbulo zibhekisela kwizizathu ezininzi. Eyona nto eyona nto yayinomdla wokuthanda izwe. Wamkela lonke elaseRussia. Kwakuyindlela yokuthanda ubutyebi kunye nomsebenzi owawanyanzelisa abaninzi abafazi ukuba batshintshe iingubo zabo ezintle kwiyunifomu yomkhosi okanye impahla yoodade bobubele. Akukho nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwiimeko zeentsapho. Amanye amabhinqa aya phambili kubayeni bawo, abanye, emva kokufunda ngokufa kwabo, bajoyina umkhosi ngokuphindezela. Inxaxheba ekhethekileyo yinto yokunyusa inxaxheba ekulingana kwamalungelo kunye namadoda. I-Revolutionary 1917 inika amabhinqa amaninzi amaninzi. Bafumana ukhetho kunye namanye amalungelo. Konke oku kwafaka isandla ekuveleni kwamagosa asejoni, awakhiwa ngabasetyhini ngokupheleleyo. Ngentwasahlobo kunye nehlobo le-1917, iinxalenye zaqala ukuveliswa kulo lonke ilizwe. Sekudlulileyo kwigama lacaca ukuba yintoni ibhetta yokufa yabesifazane. Kwimfazwe yokuqala yehlabathi, amantombazana ayekulungele ukunikela ubomi bawo kwilizwe lawo. Kwesikhalazo seBochkareva sabela malunga nama-2000 amantombazana. Nangona kunjalo, i-300 kuphela ekhethwe ukuba ibhetta yokufa yabesifazane. KwiMfazwe Yehlabathi Yeyokuqala, "abadubhu" babonisa oko abantombazana baseRashiya abangakwenza. Ngobuqhawe babo, bahlasela onke amajoni athatha inxaxheba kwimfazwe.

Ibhinqa lokufa kweBattalion: imbali yendalo

Ibhetali yakhiwa ngexesha elifutshane. Ngomnyaka we-1917, ngo-Juni 21, umkhosi owawubanjwe eSthedral yaseKitrath Isaac kwibala. Kulo, iqela elitsha lempi lafumana ibhanki emhlophe. NgoJuni 29 luvunyiwe yiMimiselo. Yayisungula inkqubo yokwakhiwa kwemikhosi yemikhosi evela kubavolontiya abafazi. Ezibhalwe kwiinqununu ze "percussionists" abameli beenkalo ezahlukeneyo zoluntu. Ngoko, umzekelo, umlawuli we-Bochkareva wayengumntwana-jikelele we-25 ubudala, uMaria Skrydlova. Wayenemfundo ephambili kwaye wayazi iilwimi ezintlanu.

Ibhinqa lokufa kwabasetyhini kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala yenziwa ngabasetyhini abakhonza kumacandelo angaphambili, kunye nabasetyhini abaqhelekileyo. Phakathi kwale mihla yayingabantu abahloniphekileyo, abasebenzi besetyhini, ootitshala kunye nabafundi. Abancinci abafazi, abafana, amantombazana asezintsapho ezidumileyo, amajoni, ama-Cossacks - bona kunye nabanye abaninzi baye baya kubakhonkco lokufa kwabasetyhini. Imbali yokudala inxalenye yeBokerkareva yaqala ngexesha elinzima. Nangona kunjalo, oku kwakungenxa yokubambisana kwamantombazana kwamanye amabutho asejoni kwezinye iidolophu. Eyona nto, abafazi baseRashiya bajoyine inxalenye. Nangona kunjalo, kwakunokwenzeka ukudibana nabameli bezinye iintlanga. Ngoko, ngokwemiqulu, isi-Estonian, isiLatvia, abafazi abangamaYuda nabo bahamba baya kukhonza kwibhinta yokufa yabesifazane.

Imbali yokwakhiwa kwamathenkethi ingqina ukuthanda ubuzwe obunzulu babameli bezesondo ezibuthathaka. Ingxenye yentsimbi yakhiwa eKiev, eSmolensk, eKharkov, eMariupol, eBaku, e-Irkutsk, e-Odessa, e-Poltava, eVatka nakwezinye izixeko. Ngokomthombo, amaninzi amantombazana asayinwe ngokukhawuleza kwibhinta yokuqala yokufa yabesifazane. KwiMfazwe Yehlabathi Yeyokuqala, amaziko omkhosi anabantu abangama-250 ukuya kuma-1,500 abantu. Ngo-Oktobha 1917, uMyalelo weMaritime, i-Detachment ye-Minsk, i-Regiment yeCavalry Petrograd, kunye ne-Petrogradsky yokuqala, iMoscow yesiBili kunye neBattalion yokuBulala kwaBafazi besithathu. KwiMfazwe Yehlabathi Lokuqala (iimbali zifaka ubungqina kule nto) kuphela ezithathu ezithatha inxaxheba. Nangona kunjalo, ngokunxulumene neenkqubo ezikhulayo zokutshatyalaliswa koBukumkani baseRussia, ukubunjwa kwamalungu akuzange kugqitywe.

Sengqondo yomntu

Umlando-mlando waseRussia uSolvseva wabhala ukuba iiSoviets kunye nenkunzi yejoni yayingenakucatshulwa ngokugqithisileyo ibhethali yokufa yabesifazane. KwiMfazwe Yehlabathi, nangona kunjalo, indima yenkampani yayibaluleke kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, amaninzi amabutho asephambili ayengabonakali kakhulu ngamantombazana. Ekuqaleni kukaJulayi, i-Petrograd Soviet yafuna ukuba zonke iinqhompi zikhutshwe. Kwaye kwathiwa ukuba ezi ndawo "azifanelekanga kwinkonzo." Ukongezelela, i-Petrograd Soviet ibona ukubunjwa kwala mabutho njengendlela "efihlakeleyo yokuziphatha", njengomnqweno wokuzisa umzabalazo wokuphumelela.

Ibhinta yokufa yabesifazane kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi I: iifoto, imisebenzi

Ngo-27 kaJuni, ngo-1917, inxalenye yeBokerkareva yafika emkhosini. Inombolo yecandelo lalingabantu abangama-200. Ibhasti yokufa yabesifazane yangena ngasemva kwe-Corps yokuqala yaseSiberia ye-Army ye-10 kwi-Western Front. Ngomhla we-9 kaJulayi, kwakukho ukulungiswa. Ngomhla wesi-7 inkunzi yesondo, eyayifake ibhetta yokufa yabasetyhini, yafumana imiyalelo. Kwafuneka athathe isikhundla kwiKrevo. Kwisalathisi sokunene kwirejane kwakukho ibhethali yabarugum. Babengowokuqala ukubandakanya ekulweni, kuba utshaba, owaziyo malunga nezicwangciso zombutho waseRashiya, obangela isiteleka esiphezulu, wangena kwindawo yethu yempi.

Ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezintathu, ukuhlaselwa kwe-14 kweentshaba kwaxhatshazwa. Amaninzi amaninzi ngeli xesha ibhethali yenza izinto zokulwa. Ngenxa yoko, amajoni aseJamani akhutshwa kwiindawo abahlala kuzo ngosuku olulandelayo. Kwingxelo yakhe, uKolonel Zakrzhevsky wabhala ukuba ibhinqa lokufa kwabasemfazwe kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi ndaziphatha ngokuqinileyo, ngokuhlala ndihamba phambili. Amantombazana athatha inkonzo ngendlela efanayo namajoni, ngokubambisana nabo. Xa amaJamani ahlaselwa, bonke baziphosa kwi-anti-warack, baya kwi-recognition, bazisa i-cartridges. Ibhinqa lokufa kwabasetyhini kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi I ngumzekelo wenkalipho, ukuzola kunye nesibindi. Ngamnye wala ma ntombazana e-heroine ufanelekile isisombululo esiphezulu seSolomon somkhosi we-Russia. Njengoko uBochkareva ngokwakhe ubungqina, kwabangqongqwana abangama-170 abaye bathatha inxaxheba kwiimfazwe, abantu abangama-30 babulawa kwathi malunga nama-70 balimala. Yena ngokwakhe walimala amahlanu. Kwinyanga kunye nesiqingatha emva kokulwa kweBochkarev, wayesesibhedlele. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiimfazwe kwaye wabonisa ubuqhawe, wanikwa igosa le-lieutenant.

Iziphumo zokulahlekelwa

Ngokumalunga nenani elikhulu labafileyo kunye nabalimala kwiimfazwe zamantombazana, uMninimkhulu uKorlolov wasayina umyalelo owenqabela ukubunjwa kwamathambo emitsha okufa ukuze athathe inxaxheba kwimfazwe. Amashishini asele anikwe kuphela umsebenzi oncedisayo. Ngokukodwa, balelwe ukuba bakhusele, banxibelelwano, benze njengamaqela acocekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, amaninzi amantombazana avolontiya afuna ukulwa nelizwe lawo enezixhobo ezandleni zabo, afakwe kwiitatimende ezibhaliweyo, eziqulethe isicelo sokubagxotha ebhatsini lokufa.

Ukulungiswa

Wayenzima ngokwaneleyo. Ibhosi yokufa yabesifazane kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi Yeyokuqala ayibonanga nje umzekelo wenkalipho nokuthanda izwe. Njengoko imigaqo eyisiseko yavakaliswa:

• Efanelekileyo, inkululeko kunye nodumo lwaseMlandland.
• Ukuchasa nokuqina kokholo nomoya.
• Ukukhawuleza, ukunyamezela, ukuchaneka nokuchaneka ekusebenzeni kwee-oda.
• Isimo sengqondo esinzulu malunga nomsebenzi ngaphambili kunye nokunyaniseka.
• Ukucoceka, ububele, ukuthinteka, ukuhlonipha, ukuvuya.
• Ukuhlonipha umbono womnye umntu.
• Thembelana komnye nomnye.
• U kuGcisa.

Ukungazithandi komntu kunye nokuxabana kwakucatshangwa ukuba akuvumelekanga.

Ixesha elihle

Ibhasti yokufa yabesifazane kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi Yeyokuqala ayinxaxheba kuphela kwiimfazwe. "U-Udarnitsy" wafumana ithuba lokuqonda imisebenzi yabesilisa. Ngokomzekelo, uMninimzi uShakhovskaya ngumqhubi wokuqala wesifazane ehlabathini. EJamani ngowe-1912 wanikwa ilayisenisi yokuqhuba. Apho, e-airdrome Johannistal, wasebenza ixesha elithile njengomfundisi. Ekuqaleni kwemfazwe, uShakhovskaya wafake isicelo sokumthuma njengomqhubi wempi ngaphambili. Umlawuli wanikezela isicelo, kwaye ngoNovemba ka-1914 umthendeleko wabhaliswa kwisikhundla sesibonakaliso kwi-Arhente yokuqala yokuLwandle. Omnye umzekelo ocacileyo ngu-Elena Samsonova. Wayeyintombi yomninisi wezempi, waphumelela ngeedalesi zegolide kwi-gymnasium nasezifundweni ePeretburg. Esibhedlele saseWarsaw, uSamsonova wasebenza njengomongikazi wenceba. Emva koko, wabhalwa njengomqhubi kwi-9 Army, eyayiseMzantsi-Front Front. Nangona kunjalo, wakhonza khona ixesha elifutshane-malunga neenyanga ezine, waza wabuyela eMoscow. Ngaphambi kwemfazwe uSamsonova wathola idiploma yomqhubi. Ngomnyaka we-1917, wathunyelwa kwi-26 ye-air detachment.

Ukukhuselwa koRhulumente oNgezelelweyo

Enye ye "bhattonsons" (yokuqala yePetrogradsky, eyalelwe nguKaputeni uCaptain Loskov), kunye nama-cadets kunye nezinye iiyunithi ngo-Oktobha 1917, zathatha inxaxheba ekukhuseleni iNdlu yeHlabathi. Ngomhla we-Oktobha 25, i-detachment, eyayiqingqiweyo kwisikhululo se-Levashovo, yayiya ku-Romanian ngaphambili. Kodwa ngosuku olulandelayo, uLoskov ufumene umyalelo wokuthumela inxalenye ye "parade" kwiPetrograd. Enyanisweni, bekufuneka ukuba uRhulumente wexesha eliqhelekileyo uza kukhuselwa .

ULokov wafunda ngomsebenzi wangempela kwaye akazange afune ukubandakanya abaphantsi kwakhe ukungqubuzana kwezopolitiko. Wakhokela ibhajoni kuLeviyo, ngaphandle kweenkampani ezimbini ezinamandla amadoda ayi-137. Ngokuncedwa ngamatye amabini, ukunyuka kwekomkhulu leSithili sasePetrogradsky ukuzama ukuzalisa i-Liteiny, iDvortsovy neNikolayevsky ibhuloho. Kodwa lo msebenzi wawunqatshiswe ngabanqwelisi bamanzi. Inkampani eseleyo yabadumbisi yayisekunene kwesango eliphambili kumgangatho wokuqala webhotwe. Ngethuba lokuhlaselwa ebusuku, wazinikela, waphatywa ngokutsha. Amantombazana athathwe kwiinkampu zokuqala zikaPavlovsky, kwaye ke iRegeridier Regiment. Ngokwezinye iingxelo, inani labamdaka "laliphathwa kakubi." Emva koko, ikhomishini ekhethekileyo ye-Petrograd Duma yamisa ukuba amantombazana amane adlwenguliwe (nangona, mhlawumbi, bambalwa bekulungele ukuvuma le nto), kwaye omnye wazinikela. Ngo-Oktobha 26 le nkampani yayinetyhefu ebuyela kuLevashovo.

Ukupheliswa kwamashishini

Emva kokuphela ko-Oktobha iNguquko, urhulumente omtsha waseSoviet waya uxolo kunye nokurhoxiswa kwelizwe ukusuka kwimfazwe. Ukongezelela, inxalenye yamandla yayijoliswe ekukhutshweni koMkhosi wamaKhosi. Ngenxa yoko, zonke "iiyunithi zokuphazamisa" zachithwa. Iibhawuni zachithwa ngoNovemba 30, 1917, kwimiyalelo yeBhunga leMkhosi yoBulungiseleli boBulungiseleli. Nangona kungekudala ngaphambi kwesi siganeko, kwayalelwa ukuba kuveliswe zonke iiyunithi zokuvolontiya kwimisebenzi yemikhosi kumagosa. Nangona kunjalo, inani elikhulu labaqhubi bebhinqa lahlala kwindawo ngoJanuwari 1918 nangaphezulu. Abanye abafazi bathuthela kuDon. Apho bathatha inxaxheba ekulweni namaBolshevik kwiinqanaba ze- White Army. Iyokugqibela yamaseyunithi aseleyo yayiyi-Battalion yeThathu yokuBulala. Wayeqeshwe e-Ekaterinodar. Iyunithi yokutshatyalaliswa yachithwa kuphela ngoFebruwari 26, 1918. Isizathu sokuba ukungavumi kwabasebenzi bezithili zaseCaucasia ukuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa kwakhona kweqela.

Ukubonakala nokuma

Abafazi ababesebenza kwibhithoni yaseBochkareva babegubungele uphawu lwe "intloko kaAdam" kwii-chevron. Bona, njengamanye amasosha, baphumelela uviwo lwezokwelapha. Njengamadoda, amantombazana ayephantse ekhulile. Ngethuba lokulwa, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabasetyhini kunye ne-asceticism kwamkela ubunzima bokuqala kwimbali. Kwimpi yaseRashiya ngaphambili kwakukho amavolontiya angaphezu kwama-25 000. Ukuvakalelwa kobuzwe kunye nomsebenzi kwi-Fatherland kubakhokelela abaninzi kwinkonzo. Ukuhlala kwimigangatho yomkhosi kwatshintsha umbono wabo.

Ekugqibeleni

Kumele kuthiwe ekudalweni kwebhathali lokuqala, uKerensky wadlala indima ekhethekileyo. Wayengowokuqala ukuxhasa le ngcamango. UKerensky ufumene inani elikhulu lezicelo kunye neetramagram ezivela kubasetyhini abafuna ukujoyina iinqununu zeyunithi. Kwakhona wamkela imizuzu yemihlangano kunye namanqaku athile. Lawa maphepha abonakalisa inkxalabo yabasetyhini ngelo lizwe elizayo, kunye nomnqweno wokukhusela i-Motherland, ukugcina inkululeko yabantu. Baye bakholelwa ukuba ukuhlala kungasebenzi kunokufana neentloni. Abasetyhini abanqwenela emkhosini, baholwa ngokuthanda uMlandland, umnqweno wokuphakamisa umkhosi wamajoni. Isebe eliphambili le-General Staff lenze ityala ekhethekileyo yenkonzo yabasebenzi. Ngelo xesha, ikomkhulu lezithili zempi laqala ukusebenza ekutsaleni amavolontiya amabhinqa emkhosini. Nangona kunjalo, umnqweno wamabhinqa wawukhulu kangangokuba umtsalane wokudalwa kwemibutho yemikhosi wadlulela kwilizwe.