Ukulimala emadolweni. I-Meniscus: umonakalo, unyango, ukulungelelaniswa

Udibaniso lwamadolo lunesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi, inxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yi-meniscus. Yenza umsebenzi wokusabalalisa imithwalo, ngoko ke iyakwazi ukufumana izilonda ezibuhlungu. Yiyiphi into eyingozi eyenziwa ngamadolo? Ziziphi iimpawu zokuxilongwa kunye neyeza kulomonakalo?

Anatomy

Ngaphambi kokuba uhlolisise izilonda eziphambili, iimpawu zokuxilongwa kwazo kunye nokunyangwa, kufuneka uziqhelise nge-anatomi yegama. I-Meniscus i-cartilage yefomilunar ifomu, ngaphantsi kwexesha i-disco. Le nxalenye ebalulekileyo yexolo elihlangeneyo, njengoko imisebenzi yokunciphisa kunye nokuzinza komthwalo ikhona kulezi zifundo. I-Menisci igqithisa phezu kommandla we-tibia, obonelela ngokusasazeka kwengcinezelo ngexesha lokunyakaza. Kuphelele, emadolweni ahlangene kukho i-meniscus emibini, ebizwa ngokuba yi-medial and lateral. I-meniscus ngokwayo iqulethwe ngumzimba kunye neempondo - kwangaphambili nangemva. Ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukulimala kwe-cartilage ephakathi, njengoko kubonakala ngokuhamba okuphantsi ngenxa yokuqhotyoshelweyo ngokusebenzisa i-ligament yangaphakathi engxenyeni ye-meniscus. I-lateral, ngokungafani nomlambo, iyona imfono kwaye ayinakwenzeka ukuba ibe nemiphumo emibi.

Iintlobo zokulimala kwamadolo

Ukulimala kwe-meniscus kuyingozi kakhulu, kwaye kukho izizathu ezininzi zezi zinto. Ukulimala kwamadolo (i-meniscus yonakaliswe ngokuqhelekileyo ngokuqhelekileyo), ngokutsho kwe-traumatology, ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala. Ziziphi iintlobo zomonakalo onokuhlukaniswa ngazo?

1. Ukuchithwa koqhotyoshelo lwe-meniscus kukuhlukana. Lo mzekelo uvame ukuvela kwingingqi yophondo lwangaphambili nolusemva, ngaphantsi kancinci kummandla womzimba, kwindawo yendawo yepacapsular.
2. Ukulimala kumgudu ongaphakathi, ojongene nobukhulu besimo se-meniscus. Ukuphuka kwayo kwenza i-knee cartilage ihambe nayo. Le nto ibangela ukuba kubekho ukulimala okongezelelweyo, oku kunokubangela ukonakaliswa okubi kakhulu.
3. Ukuphuka kweempondo kunye nomzimba we-meniscus, odla ngokuphindaphinda kwingingqi ye-transchordal.
4. I-Cysts, enokuthi ibe yinkampani enye okanye i-multi-chamber, kunye nekona elilodwa kunye necala. Ezi zakhiwo zinomfanekiso ovalwe okanye ojikelezayo.
5. Utshintsho olusisitshintshayo kwi- meniscus olunokubangela ukukhathazeka okungapheliyo, kunye nesakhiwo esingaqhelekanga okanye nasiphi na izifo zesistim. Ngokuqhelekileyo le nto ixhomekeke kumadoda asemthethweni, ngenxa yokuba inzulane encinci inokubangela i-microtrauma (umntu angenakukuphawula), ilandelwa yinkqubo ehlaziyo.

Etiology

Isizathu esibalulekileyo sokulimala kwe-meniscus ngumonakalo, okuza kwenzeka ngenxa yokwandiswa ngokukhawuleza kwintlangano ehlangeneyo, ye-rotational movements, kunye nefuthe ngqo (impembelelo, ukuwa). Into eyingozi kakhulu yintlungu engapheliyo, ekuya kumanyathelo okuqala ayinakubangela ukuba naluphi na ukungazinzi, kwaye kamva ibe yimbangela yokutshintsha kwexesha elibi. Ziyakwazi ukukhokelela kwizifo ezithile zesistim, ezifana ne-gout, ukuxhatshazwa okanye ukungagqirha.

Iimpawu

Ixesha elimangalisayo lwenzeka emva nje kokulimala emadolweni. Ngeli xesha, isigulane sinoxhala malunga nesifo esibuhlungu esithintela ukunyakaza kwezitho. Ukongezelela, into ekhuselekileyo - ukulungiswa kwesigxina kwindawo ethile. Umonakalo uhamba kunye nokuphuma kwinqanaba elihlangeneyo, ngenxa yoko kukho i-edema ephawulekayo kule ndawo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngokusekelwe kwezi zibonakaliso, ukuxilonga "ukutyumza" okanye "ukuphuka kwemigudu" kwenziwa. Ukunyanga okunyamekelayo kwanciphisa okwesikhashana imeko yesigulane, kodwa kwixesha elizayo, ukuxhatshazwa kungaphinda kwenzeke.

Isikhathi esingapheliyo, esiyiphumo sesilonda esibuhlungu, sibonakala ngokuqala kwakhona kwentlungu. Isizathu salesi siqalo sinokuba ngumthwalo ogqithiseleyo okanye ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza. I-syndrome ye-Pain ayiyiyo ingqongqo, iyenzeka kuphela xa uxinzelelo lwenziwa kwi-joint. Ukuhamba kuphelelanga, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, iiblockades zexesha elifanelekileyo zinokwenzeka. Ngeli xesha, ukuqokelelwa kwamanzi emzimbeni, kunye nokubuthathaka kwezihlunu.

Ukuthintela ukutshintshwa kwexesha elimangalisayo lingenasigxina kunokuxilongwa ngokupheleleyo kwaye unyango olufanelekileyo. Kwimpawu zokuqala, kufuneka ubone ugqirha.

Iziganga zomonakalo kwi-meniscus

Izikhefu zinokugqiba okanye zingaphelelanga. Ixesha langaphambili liyingozi kakhulu kwaye liyingozi, lifuna unyango olude kunye nokubuyiselwa. Utshintsho oluninzi oluchaphazelekayo luphondo lwangaphambili okanye umonakalo owenziwe uphondo. Kwakhona, konke ukulimala kuya kwahlulwa ngamacandelo amabini - kunye kunye nokungabikho. Kwakhona, i-yangaphambili idinga ukuvuselelwa ixesha elide.

Diagnostics

Ukuxilongwa kwenzelwa ngesiseko sezikhalazo kunye nedatha kwizifundo ezizodwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izigulane ziphathwa ngenyameko yokuba idolo egugu lenza intlungu. Kwezinye iimeko, intlungu yesifo ixhalabisa nakwiindawo zokuphumla. Ukukhathazeka kowomntu akwanele ukwenza isicwangciso sonyango, kufuneka uhlalutyo olunzulu. Ukuqokelela i-anamnesis kuhambelana nokufumana idatha, ukuvumela ukubonakalisa imbangela yokuxhatshazwa. Isigulane sibuzwa ukuba kukho i-fracture, ukuchithwa kunye nezinye ukulimala kwesigxina esezantsi, kwaye kubonakalisa ukuba kukho izifo zenkqubo ezibangelwa ukuguqulwa kwe-cartilage.

Enye yeendlela kukuvavanya uvavanyo lwe-Epley, eyenziwa kwisigulane kwisisu. Ucelwa ukuba aguqe umlenze ehlangene nodolo, ugqirha okwangoku uxinezela kwisithende, kwaye ngenye ingalo wenza ukunyanzelanisa ngokuchanekileyo kokuhamba kwe- shin kunye neenyawo. Uphawu oluhle luvela kwintlungu.

Uvavanyo oluchanekileyo luyi-X-ray, kufuneka lwenziwe ukuba ngaba kukho intlungu kunye nokuphazamiseka, kwaye ukuba idolo lihamba. Indlela epheleleyo ngakumbi i-x-ray kunye nokusebenzisa umgangatho ohlukileyo, ojoyiweyo kwisigxina sexolo (ukuhlukulwa kwe-arthrodentgenography). Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuba ulandelelanise utshintsho oluthile lwe-pathological in the meniscus and ligaments.

Indawo yokuqala ekufundiseni ihlala i-MRI (i-imagination magnetic imagination), esivumela ukuba sihlolisise imeko yombutho odibeneyo ngoluhlu.

Unyango

Ukunyanga okukhawulezayo kulandela ukuxilongwa. Luphi uhlobo lweyeza olufunekayo ngenxa yokulimala kwamadolo? I-Meniscus - eyona nto ebaluleke kakhulu ehlangene neendolo, ekhonza njengento yokuphazamiseka. Ukuba lonakaliswe, iingcali, ukuba kunokwenzeka, zenza unyango olulondolozayo, olwenzeka kuphela ngokulimala kancinci.

Kubalulekile ukunciphisa umthwalo kwixolo elihlangeneyo, ukumnika uxolo olusondeleyo, kodwa ukungafihli ngokupheleleyo kuyanconywa. Ukumiselwa kwe-gypsum kwindawo edibeneyo kubangelwa ukwenziwa komnqophiso, ngenxa yoko kukho umngcipheko wokuba umsebenzi wegolo awuyi kuphinda ufumane ngokupheleleyo. Ukuphelisa impazamo epheleleyo kuyadingeka kuphela xa kukho ukuphuka kwamathambo enxalenye engaphantsi okanye ukuphulwa kwemigama (umonakalo odibeneyo). Ukongezwa kule miqathango yonyango lonyango. Ekuqaleni kwonyango, i-analgesics idla ngokufunekayo, eya kunciphisa intlungu yesifo. I-Chondroprotectors (glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate) iyadingeka. Ezi ziyobisi zikhawuleza ukuhlanganiswa kwezicubu zomzimba, kwaye zichaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi.

Ukulimala okungakumbi kunokufuna unyango. Phakathi kobubungqina kuye kungaqatshelwa:

• Ukuthintela ukunyakaza ngokubambisana kunye nokuchofoza;
• Isifo sobuhlungu obukhulu;
• Ukususwa kwintambo ehlangeneyo;
• Izikhewu ezibalulekileyo kwi-meniscus ;
• Akukho mpembelelo yonyango olulondolozayo.

U lungiso

Ukubuyiselwa okupheleleyo kwe-meniscus akuveli kwangoko. Emva kokusebenza kwamanyathelo okunyanga, kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise umzimba kunye nokusila ngokulula. Oku kuya kunciphisa ubude bexesha lokuqhelanisa nokuphelisa umngcipheko wokubambisana. Ukuzivocavoca kufuneka kwenziwe rhoqo rhoqo. I-gymnastics eyinkimbinkimbi akufanele iqulethe ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza, ukuhlawula kufuneka kwenziwe ngokukhawuleza nangokucokisekileyo. Kwakhona ngeli xesha, kuninzi ukusela kunye nokuthatha i-multivitamines kuyadingeka, inomphumo onenzuzo kwiinkqubo zokubuyisela izicubu zomzimba.

Thintelo

Kucebise ukunyusa ingqalelo kumanyathelo okukhusela abantu abachaphazelekayo kwimidlalo. Okokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukuphepha ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokusebenza, izikwere kunye nezinye izivivinyo ezibandakanya idolo. Kwakhona kuyimfuneko ukunikela ingqalelo kwiimfatho eziphathekayo, kunye nokuqhuba iziqhelo zokufaka izibopho zokucwangcisa kumaziko omdolo. Ukuthintela okunjalo kuya kunciphisa umngcipheko wokulimala ngamaxesha amaninzi.

Ukulimala emadolweni (i-meniscus kunye nezinye iifom) kufuna unyango olufike ngexesha. Ukuxilongwa kweziganeko zakuqala kuya kuphephelela iingxaki kunye nokugcina unyango olulondolozo. Ngako oko, ekuboneni kokuqala komonakalo, kufuneka ubone ugqirha, nangona kuphela ukukhathazeka okuncinci. Iindlela zanamhlanje ziza kunceda ukwenza umfanekiso owenene wesifo kwaye uqale unyango ngexesha.