Ukulwa kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. imisebenzi ephambili ngobuchule ze-Red Army kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II

IMfazwe Yehlabathi II baseleyo kwimbali yonke yabantu kancinci. Oku mbono wawusoyikeka ngokwenene yaye kwangaxeshanye, ixesha enkulu batshintsha ihlabathi ngaphaya ingqalelo. Phantse wonke lizwe idlala indima yayo emfazweni. Kuba lithi elalisakuba yiSoviet Union World War II elusuku olukhe- kwimbali. Wade unalo igama elahlukileyo - kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Eli xesha kwembali ngokwenene kukutshintsha abantu Russia mihla, eUkraine, Belarus kunye namanye amazwe eSoviet Union. Le mfazwe yaba luvavanyo isibindi, nesibindi kunye intando yabantu enkulu Soviet.

Nomkhosi abe ngumntu obonakalise ubuchule yayo kunye inviolability naxa sotshaba yembono embi, nobuNazi.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ababhali-mbali iingxoxo rhoqo malunga iimfazwe ezinkulu kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Amanqaku amaninzi namanje abazange ziveziwe, ngenxa yokuba i "uthando olukhulu" ukuze iimfihlelo urhulumente waseSoviet. Noko ke, ukuze sikwazi ukubona amanqanaba eziphambili kunye amadabi IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Kodwa ke, phambi kokuba onokumchaza ngawo, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukukhumbula izizathu ezandulelayo ungquzulwano zomkhosi phakathi Germany Hitler kunye USSR Stalin kaThixo.

IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic - Oonobangela

Njengoko sisazi, kaSeptemba 1 1939 kwaqalwa yeSibini kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi. Ukwanda iphambili ungquzulwano wawuyinxalenye eJamani e West. Ngeli xesha, amaNazi yaseJamani ukuba iphuhliswe ngendlela yawo yamandulo. amandla kaHitler yaba nanto. Nangona le akuyo inkokeli de facto wathi imfazwe onke States, yiSoviet Union kwakungekho ungxamile kungena kuwo ngenxa sivumelwano "nonintervention."

Yena usayinwe Agasti 23, 1939. Isivumelwano olumiswe sengqondo cala USSR ukuya emfazweni, nto leyo eya kukhokelela iJamani nxamnye kumazwe Western naseYurophu. Kwathiwa evunywe yi-kuthakazelelwa kakhulu intsebenziswano yakho kuburhulumente imisebenzi kunye namanye amazwe. Omabini amaqela ayengavunyelwa ukuzakhela ukuthatha inxaxheba iimanyano, ezo ngandlel ezichasene iimfuno zabo. Kuba abanjalo "ukunyamezelana" kwi inxalenye eSoviet Union, iJamani sanyanzeleka ukuba abuyele yinxalenye yommandla wabo elahlekileyo. Kukho kwakhona protocol ngokufihlakeleyo apho amaqela wenza kwicandelo ugcino lwamandla kwiMpuma Yurophu Poland. Eneneni, esi sivumelwano ngenjongo yokuseka ngakumbi ukubusa umhlaba efanayo. Kodwa kwakukho ingxaki enye. Zisuka nje, Germany akafuni uxolo eSoviet Union. Kakade ke, oko kuluncedo xa nisaqala yemfazwe, kodwa akukho kobunganga mutual nga lo mbuzo.

Isenzo esiqhubekayo eJamani linokuchazwa kuphela elizwini linye - imbuka. Eli nyathelo sneaky yabangela iimfazwe ezinkulu kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Ngomhla we-22 Juni 1941, iJamani ihlasela ngokusesikweni USSR. Ukususela ngelo xesha Enkulu Patriotic War. Okulandelayo, sicinga idabi iphambili IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, apho badlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwimbali yeli xesha.

impi eMoscow

amabutho Wehrmacht wasebenzisa amaqhinga ethile ekhubekisayo. yabo yokuhlasela sisekelwe impefumlelwano yonke imikhosi exhobileyo. utshaba umlilo lokuqala phantsi umoya onamandla. -Moya ngoko nangoko waya amatanki ukuba ngokoqobo kutshiswa amabutho esitha. Ekupheleni waqalisa wesenzo elihamba waseJamani. Ngesi qhinga amabutho esitha, ikhokelwa ngu-Jikelele Bock, wayesele wenza indlela yabo embindini yiSoviet Union ngoSeptemba 1941 - Moscow. Ekuqaleni ekuqaleni i-German Army babenezahlulo 71,5, olubalelwa abantu abamalunga nama-1.7 million. Kwakhona kumafa yayo, kwakukho amatanki 1,800, 15.100 imipu, 1300 moya. Ngokutsho kwezi zalathisi, icala waseJamani waba eSoviet nama kahlanu enkulu.

September 30, 1941 amaJamani ukuqala ekhubekisayo kwi eMoscow. Ukususela zokuqala Moscow ukuhlasela nabaphumi-Wehrmacht ubunzima baphazamiseka ezibalulekileyo. Sele October 17, nomkhosi phantsi umyalelo zhukov ukuba ukunqanda ekhubekisayo, ngokusebenzisa "Operation Typhoon". Xa imikhosi utshaba zobuthathaka begazi lakho wahlala kuphela empini, ngoko ngoJanuwari 1942, amaJamani boyiswa kwaye eziqhutywa umva 100 ukusuka eMoscow. Le mpumelelo iye kususa intsomi invincibility yomkhosi uMlawuli kaThixo. EMoscow yaba sisiganeko ekufuneka zoyiswe endleleni eya empumelelweni. Umkhosi waseJamani ayikhange ukumelana nalo msebenzi, ngoko ke imfazwe Hitler baphulukana ekugqibeleni. Kodwa akuphelelanga apho imfazwe Enkulu Patriotic War. Ngezantsi siza kujonga ngokwenene yinguquko kule mpi yomhlaba wonke.

impi Stalingrad

Namhlanje kuyenzeka ukuba anikezele ezininzi iziganeko, ezaziwa ukuya kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Stalingrad nguye zaguquka, nto leyo ikhokelele kuthotho yeentsilelo yokuwela Army German. Battle kwethuba Stalingrad lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe ngamanqanaba amabini: ekuqaleni kunye counter uxambuliswano. July 17, 1942 waqala idabi adumileyo Stalingrad. Kweli nqanaba, kwafika amajoni aseJamani kummandla lo mzi. Nomkhosi de kutshanje, akazange afune ukuba athathe. ESoviet Union imikhosi umthetho yi uLieutenant-Jikelele Vatutin kunye Marshal Timoshenko. Bakwazi kusingcangcazelise ngokupheleleyo amaJamani kodwa bayingqonga amajoni Soviet. Kweso sixeko njalo uxabana phakathi amaqela amancinane wamajoni Soviet kunye nesiJamani. Ngokutsho memoirs Veterans: "Ngo Stalingrad ukuba isihogo ophilayo." Kwenye Museums Volgograd (owayesakuba Stalingrad) sigcinwe ngokwaneleyo ukubonisa umdla: iimbumbulu ukuba kweyela omnye komnye. Oku kubonisa ubunzulu umlo esixekweni. Ngokumalunga ukubaluleka qhinga, oko ayilungelelani ayisekho. Le dolophu kwakubalulekile uHitler njengophawu amandla Stalin kaThixo. Ngoko ke, kwafuneka ukuba, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, awugcine. Oku kulandela ukuba isixeko yaba liziko conflict of interest ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic zenzeka. I-Battle of Stalingrad avumele aluvavanye kwaye uthelekise amandla Titans ezimbini ezizinzululwazi kwinkulungwane XX.

Le balwe e Stalingrad

Umkhosi waseJamani, ikhokelwa ngu-General Paulus, ngexesha yesibali uxambuliswano baba bantu 1.010.600, amatanki 600, 1,200 ekulweni moya nemipu malunga 10,000. YiSoviet Union phantse inani elifanayo amajoni kunye nezixhobo emkhosini. imikhosi ebalulekileyo nosukelo icala lethu ekungqingweni, nasekuxinweni, wavumela November 20, 1942 ukuya uthabathe lohlaselo asirhawule amaJamani.

Ngu ngokuhlwa kaJanuwari 31, 1943 Stalingrad iqela waseJamani lwapheliswa. Ezi ziphumo zafezekiswa sibulela umsebenzi eququzelelweyo ze imiphambili ezintathu ezinkulu eSoviet Union. Battle of Stalingrad indumiso nangokomyinge kwezinye iimfazwe ezinkulu kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Ngenxa yokuba lo mcimbi phantsi kakhulu amandla umkhosi waseJamani. Ngamanye amazwi, emva kokuba Stalingrad, iJamani ayaba nako ukuvuselela ukulwa ngamandla alo. Ukongeza, lo umyalelo waseJamani akwazi ukucinga ukuba isixeko iya kuvela kokusingqongileyo. Ke kaloku kwathi, kunye neziganeko ezilandelayo ziye akuveli ukuyivuma uMlawuli.

IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic: I-Battle of Kursk

Emva kweziganeko kwisixeko Stalingrad, umkhosi waseJamani akazange nako ukuzifumana, nangona kunjalo kuyingozi enkulu. On the Kursk Velile (wabumba umgca ngaphambili emva kokuba loyiso Stalingrad), amajoni aseJamani ndalibutha isixa elininzi imikhosi yazo. Icala eSoviet esiya ukubamba ukuhlaselwa enamandla kwisixeko Kursk. Kumanqanaba okuqala imikhosi yaseJamani waba uloyiso ezibalulekileyo. Bona ayalwa ezinjalo iinjengele abaziwayo Isijamani uMnu Kluge kunye Manstein. Umsebenzi ophambili eentloko ezaxhobela Soviet yaba ukuthintela ukukhuthazwa "Center" umkhosi elitsha kwelizwe lwamaNazi. Le meko itshintshe ngokupheleleyo July 12, 1943.

Prokhorovskaya Battle 1943

Ukulwa Great kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II , baba engalindelekanga. Enye yezi amadabi yi longquzulwano itanki kufuphi kwilali Prokhorovka. It yayihanjelwe kwamatanki ngaphezulu kwe 1000 nemipu self-ngokwaso ezivela macala omabini. Emva kweli dabi imibuzo malunga abaya kubakho emfazweni, akukho nto. Umkhosi waseJamani woyiswa, phofu de kube sekupheleni. Emva Prokhorov ekulweni imikhosi Soviet bakwazi ukuthatha ekhubekisayo omkhulu kwi Belgorod and eKharkov. Oku ekugqibeleni ibali Kursk ngxabano, abaninzi omkhulu zedabi kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, eSoviet Union owavula neengcango ekoyiswa Berlin.

Le bamba eBerlin ngowe-1945

Berlin operation badlale indima sokugqibela kwimbali longquzulwano German-eSoviet. Injongo wokuziphatha saso ekubulaleni imikhosi yaseJamani, leyo wabumba kufuphi nesixeko Berlin.

Kufuphi nedolophu wagcinwa umkhosi "Umbindi" iqela, kwakunye iqela mkhosi "Vistula" phantsi umyalelo we Heinrici kunye Scherner. Ukusuka eSoviet Union wenza njengoko umkhosi fronts ezintathu phantsi umyalelo kaMarshal zhukov, Konev kunye Rokossovsky. Berlin zaphela lokufakwa ukuthula German kaMeyi 9, 1945.

zigqityiwe Idabi iphambili kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, kwesi sigaba. Sele kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa, oko kukuthi, ngoSeptemba 2, 1945, iMfazwe Yehlabathi II yaphela.

isiphelo

Ngoko ke, kweli nqaku kubhekwe idabi ibalulekileyo kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Olu ludwe kumana kunye nezinye iziganeko ezibalulekileyo ngokulinganayo kwaye nodumo, kodwa kweli nqaku libonisa imfazwe kakhulu ibonwe nekulula. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukucinga umntu owayeza nto ngalo feat omkhulu amajoni Soviet.