Ukunxibelelana okungenakufumaneka: inkqubo yobugcisa kunye nokwahlula

Ukuqhawulwa kwezinto kunye nezakhiwo zinokuhlulwa zibe ngamaqela amabini aphezulu: ukuxhunywa kunye nokudibanisa kunye. Iyokuqala ibandakanya ezo ezinokutshabalaliswa ngaphandle kokuphazamisa intembeko yezinto ezizibophelelayo. Ezi zibopheleleko kunye neentambo, iibhotshi, izigodo, iifrews, zonke idibaniselwano kunye kunye ngaphandle komtya. Zonke zibhekwa zingenakuzitheka, xa ziqhawulwa, ziya kufuneka ziphule izinto ezigxininisayo.

Ziquka: i-welded, glued, riveted, ikhontshwe kwaye idayiswa. Ukudibanisa kunye nokungabikho okuxhomekeke kuyo kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuma shishini athile. Ngezantsi, siza kujonga nganye kwiintlobo ngeenkcukacha ezingakumbi.

Unxibelelwano olusondeleyo

Ukubulawa kwabo kufaka kwiimingxuma zokuloba ezinobuncinane obukhulu kunokuba isalathisi (isibloko okanye isibhokhwe). Oku kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba kuzo zombini iinxalenye ziza kuhlanganiswa zikho imingxuma. Iphutha kwiqhezu le-millimeter lihlawulwa, ngakumbi kwizinto ezinomlinganiselo omkhulu wokuzibophelela. Xa usebenzisa ii-screws kunye nezikrini zokuthembeka kokubambisene nabo, gxiba i nut kunye ne-wash.

Iyokuqala ifakwe phantsi kweyesibini ukuxhunywa okungaxiniseki, ayivumeli ukuba izingxenye zijikeleze. Kukho neyindandatho yasentwasahlobo enamazinyo amabini abukhali. Ziyakuchasene nomsebenzi kunye nenxalenye, ngaloo ndlela ukuthintela ukukhenkcelwa kwe nut.

Izikriti zidibanisa iinxalenye, ukusika iintambo ngokwazo. Xa zisetyenzisiwe, ama-nut kunye nama-washers ayadingeki. Izilwanyana zisetyenziswe ukuba enye inxalenye ifakwe kwinxalenye enkulu. Unomgca kumabini omabini, ngaphantsi kweso simboli sokubamba umgodi ngaphezu kobude bomda we- stud.

Unxibelelwano lwamaxesha onke

Zizo:

• Welded;
• Wavuka;
• Othengisiweyo;
• Uluhlu.

Ezi ntlobo ezinxulumeneyo zifumene isicelo kwiindawo ezithile zokuvelisa. Makhe sijonge ngamnye ngamnye ngokwahlukileyo.

Ukunyusa

Iqumrhu elisamkelwa ngokubambisana phakathi kweengxenye zeengxenye xa ukufudumala kuthiwa yi-welded. Amanxeba onke ayenye, aphethwe ngokufanelekileyo, aphumeze amandla afunekayo, ukunciphisa indleko kunye nobukhulu bendawo.

Imithombo yefuthe lezinto zingabakho:

• Slag enyiweyo;
• Igesi lomlilo;
• I-arc yombane;
• Plasma;
• Ubhanqa beLaer.

Isinyithi esiza kusongelwa kuthiwa isiseko sensimbi. Yaye enye esetyenziselwa ukuhlamba yongeza.
Isayithi ehlanganiswe ngale ndlela ibizwa ngokuba yi-weld seam.

Ukufumana ukudibanisa okungabonakaliyo ngale ndlela kungaba kwezi zilandelayo:

• Uluhlu lokunxibelelana;
• Incwadi ye-Electro-arc;
• I-Automatic igxininiswe kwaye ihamba ngokuzenzekelayo;
• IArc.

Umthungo uphinde uhlulwe:

• Butt;
• Ukukhwela;
• INgqungquthela;
• T-shirt.

Naluphi na kubo lunokuba linye linye okanye lisezantsi. Zahlukaniswe zibe zingekho kwaye zingaphazamiseki. Kukho ukungafani kwimeko yecandelo lomnqamlezo: umgca oqhelekileyo, umququzeleli okanye u-concave.

Inzuzo:

1. Iindleko eziphantsi kwezi ngxenyana ezisisigxina, ngenxa yokulula komnxeba kunye negalelo labasebenzi abaphantsi.
2. Ubuncinane obuncinane, xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zomsebenzi.
3. Akukho mfuneko yokwenza imingxuma kwiindawo, ezinika amandla kwicandelo lomnqamlezo.
4. Ukuzenzekelayo kwenkqubo yokunyusa kubonisa ukuqina kwayo.

Iingxaki:

1. Ukubonakala kwe-deformation kunye ne-buckling emva komsebenzi okwenziweyo, kwakunye nokuvela kweengcinezelo zokunciphisa.
2. Ukujamelana nokunyanzeliswa kwamandla kunye neengxube.
3. Ukunyaniseka ekulawuleni umgangatho.
4. Abasebenzi abenza izihlanganisi ezisisigxina zeengxenye kunye ne-welding kufuneka baqeqeshe kwaye baqinisekise iziqinisekiso zabo.

Ukuqhawula

Iinkcukacha kwindlela yokwenza i-soldering iqinisekiswe ngokusungulwa kwe-solder eyongeziweyo.
Yaye i-melting point of solder kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kwezo ndawo eziza kuhlanganiswa. Ngokwale mqathango, abadayisi bahluke:

• Ngokukodwa i-fusible. I-melting efunekayo i-degrees kuphela;
• I-soft or fusible. Ukushisa okusebenzayo akungekho ngaphezu kwe-450 degrees Celsius;
• Ukuncibilika okunzima okanye okuphakathi. Ingqungquthela yokuxuleka iphakathi kwama-450 kuya kuma-600 degrees;
• Ukushisa okuphezulu okanye ukuphakanyiswa okukhulu. Isinyithi esinjalo siyancibilika kumaqondo ashushu ngaphezu kwama-degrees Celsius.

Abadayisi

Ngokuxhomekeke kwecandelo, bahlulwe ngo:

• Ukhokelo lwe-Tin (PIC);
• I-Tin (PO);
• IZinc (PC);
• Isilivere (PSr);
• I-Copper-zinc (PMC, ubhedu).

Uninzi lomsebenzi kwi-solder lwenziwa ngokusebenzisa izinto eziphathekayo ze-tin. Njengomthetho, ziveliswa ngendlela yocingo, iirebhoni okanye amahlamvu.

Ngaphambi kokuba i-solder ihlambuluke kakuhle. Ukuba aziyikho i-oxidized, sebenzisa i-fludering flux ekhethekileyo. Le nkunkuma ayivumeli ukubunjwa kwee-oxides kwaye ihlambulule indawo yamacandelo kubo, igalelo lokusasazeka kwe-solder. Uhlobo oluthile lwe-flux lufanelekile kwiqondo lokushisa elithile, ngasentla apho liyeka ukusebenza nokutshisa.

Ukukhawuleza

Ezi zihlanganiso ezidalwayo zisebenzisa iincutshe ezikhethekileyo. Inesihloko kunye nentloko. Inkqubo yokufumana amanyathelo afanelekileyo ngenxa yokubunjwa kwentloko yokuvala kwelinye pheleni, ifunyaniswa ngokucwangcisa ukuphela kwentonga. Ulo lwakhiwo luphela kwaye luyodwa. Kukho akukho ndlela yokufuduka kweenkcukacha ezinxulumene nomnye.

Sebenzisa ukukhawuleza malunga neenkcukacha zobuncinci obuncinci kwizinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zamaphepha okanye apho ukusetyenziswa kwamaqondo aphezulu akuvumelekanga ngenxa yokuchithwa kweenkcukacha. Xa iimpikiswano zimi ngecala, zenza umgca we-riveted.

Izinto eziphathekayo zimele zihambelane nezinto ezixutywe kuyo, ngaphandle kokungabikho kwe-electrochemical corrosion kungenzeka ngenxa yohlukwano kwi-coefficients of expansion thermal. Iinhloko ze-rivet zijikelezileyo, zifihlekile, zingcwatyelwe ingqamngqele kwaye zidibene.

Pros

Ubungqina bolu xhumano:

1. Ukukwazi ukumelana nokunyuka kwamanzi kunye neempembelelo ezininzi, ezingekho amandla okulondoloza.
2. Isicelo senzeke kwizinto ezingakhange zisongezwe okanye le nkqubo ide kakhulu.
3. Akukho sicelo sobushushu obuphezulu ngexesha loxhumano.

Umxhasi

Phakathi kwabo, sinokukuphawula ezi ngongoma ezilandelayo:

1. Ukusetyenziswa okukhulu kwensimbi ngomsebenzi owenziweyo.
2. Ukwandisa ubunzima besakhiwo.
3. Ukusebenza ngamandla.
4. Ukusebenza kwenkqubo kuphantsi.

I-Adhesive

Ukufumana amanxeba aqinileyo, anesigxina, akwanele ukudibanisa iinxalenye ngoncedo lobunjwa bokubamba. Isenzo senzeke ngokwenza izibophelelo kwinqanaba le-intermolecular of surface of the glued part and the film.

Ukusetyenziswa kwendlela enokufunyanwa kuzinzixhobo zezinto ezahlukeneyo. Ukunyuka ngesiseko seglue kusetyenziswa nakwi-bridge yokwakhiwa kunye ne-aircraft. Ukuqina koxhumo olunjalo kunye nomgangatho walo kuya kuxhomekeka ekulungiselelweni kweendawo zeendawo kunye nomthwalo womthwalo oya kubachaphazela. Kufuneka ukuba uhlambulule iindawo zokugquma kunye negrisi, emva kokucubungula indawo nge-sandpaper.

Iinkcukacha ze-Gluing apho i-shear okanye umthwalo wokujikeleza uza kusebenza, kunye nommandla omncinci ongekho mfuneko. Oku kuya kukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kwamandla. Kungcono ukuqokelela ezo ndawo ziphantsi kokufuduka komnye nomnye okanye kwimithwalo yomthwalo.

Iingenelelo zendlela yokubambelela:

1. Ungakwazi ukudibanisa ngale ndlela nayiphi na imida kunye nezakhiwo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba zimelele kangakanani, ubuninzi okanye izinto.
2. Ukumelana nokuphakama okukhulu.
3. Ukuqina, okukuvumela ukuba usebenze ngamapayipi.
4. Ayibangele inkcazelo yeengxenye.
5. Akukho zixinzelelo zengcinezelo.
6. Ukuthembeka komsebenzi kwiimeko zokunyakaza.
7. Iindleko eziphantsi kwemveliso.
8. Amalungu angamaxabiso awawunzima ukuyila.

Umgcini:

1. Amandla aphantsi, ngokukodwa xa unqumla.
2. Ukufutshane, ezinye iintlobo zeglue ziyakhula.
3. Ukumelana nokunyuka komthwalo wokushisa.
4. Unxibelelwano oluninzi kufuneka lube nexesha elide phambi kokusetyenziswa.
5. Ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo yokhuseleko.

Unxibelelwano lwe-polyethylene-yintsimbi yonk

Isicelo esiphezulu sokujoyina iipayipi zensimbi kunye ne-polyethylene yanamhlanje uye wafumana inhlanganisela yonke ye-polyethylene-steel.

Ikuvumela ukuba ulungele ngokukhawuleza ipayipi yeplastiki kunye netsimbi, kunye nokufaka izinto ezifunekayo zokukhiya. Ukuze kwenziwe isakhiwo esingenakulinganiswa, iipayipi ezenziwe nge-polyethylene, ezenziwe ngokwemigangatho ethile, zisetyenzisiweyo. Insimbi (i-PE-steel adapter) isuswa ngokusisigxina nge-welding ibhobho yesebe yesigaba sensimbi kunye ne-polyethylene. Le ndlela ingasetyenziselwa njenge-stubs kwi-gesi kunye namanzi omnatha amaninzi.

Ezi zihlanganiso ezinomsolo zamabhobho ziqhutyelwe kwiimitha zepetroli zezindlu zendlu. Ngokuqhelekileyo unako ukudibana nabo kwiimveliso zomoya. Ukusetyenziswa kweepayipi zensimbi ngexesha lethu ngokunyuka kufakwe endaweni ye-polyethylene analog. Oku kubangelwa inzuzo ecacileyo yepayipi yeplastiki ngaphezu kweetsimbi. Ngenxa yoko, zisetyenziselwa ukunyuka. I-joint non-detachable ye-polyethylene-steel join is reliable for it does not require a special maintenance.

Ukufakela kwalo kwenzeka ngokuthe ngqo kumhlaba ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwamanzi. Ukunyuka kwenziwa nge-welding-welding okanye ukuhambisa i-thermistor. Unxibelelwano lwe-polyethylene lwentsimbi olungenakuhlawuleka lunokungena okanye ngaphandle kwe-clutch. Eli nqanaba linika i-adapter amandla okumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nomthwalo oqhubekayo we-1 MPa. I-Adapter ngaphandle kokukhupha i-clutch ingamelana nomthwalo ongaphantsi kwe-0.6 MPa. Ukuqhagamshelana kwesitye kwi-polyethylene kunokuqhutyelwa ngokucubungula okanye ukusebenzisa iiflethi ezahlukeneyo.

Ngoko, sihlolisise iindidi eziphambili zokudibanisa, izibonelelo kunye nokungahambi.