Gamete biology - kuba ... Isiseko ingqikelelo

Gamete - kuba iiseli sex eziphilayo umzimba ethwele iseti enye zofuzo. Gametes badlala indima ephambili kwezichumiso kunye nophuhliso ezingekazalwa. Cinga umzimba womntu, xa somatic kwiseli nganye (non-reproductive) oko kukuthi 46 zofuzo, oko kukuthi diploid. Kuphela iiseli yintsholongwane, gametes, inani zofuzo ngu 23. Xa ezi seli ukuxuba, kukho elilodwa kwenziwa kunye iseti epheleleyo zofuzo.

Le nkqubo iza ukuxoxwa ingenkcukacha ezininzi ngezantsi. Xa ukuhlalutya kuqala iinkcukacha, yintoni na biology gamete. Le intsholongwane iiseli kuyimfuneko yokuvelisa kwakhona. Kodwa yintoni na isakhiwo sayo kunye nokwakheka? Makhe ukufunda lo mbuzo ngokucacileyo.

gametogenesis

Gametogenesis - inkqubo nokwanda gamete emzimbeni. Libhekisela spermatogenesis (kumadoda) kunye oogenesis (amabhinqa). Gametogenesis ekhoyo kumjikelo wobomi izilwanyana multicellular kunye nezityalo: ulele, nomngundo, arthropods, iintaka, izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini, izilwanyana, izilwanyana.

nokwakheka of gametes

Ibhinqa gamete biology - ke iqanda. Oku abunjwe ngenxa oogenesis. Ziqulethe egg unikezelo izondlo eziyimfuneko ukuze uphuhliso elilodwa emva kokukhulelwa. Ba ukugogeka kakhulu (malunga 100,000 amaxesha) bayagqwesa iiseli zesini ubukhulu eyindoda.

Amadoda gamete biology - lidlozi. Ezi seli zincinane kakhulu gamete ababhinqileyo. Baye misila ezenza namadlozi motility kunye negalelo ekukhuthazeni iiseli lwegciwane ababhinqileyo. Xa arthropods ubudoda abe misila, kodwa kunokuba Kwimeko ongasetyenziswayo kuyo lo mgaqo.

Lo mfanekiso ungezantsi ubonisa imifanekiso gametes inkunzi nemazi - amaqanda kunye amadlozi.

Indima begazi

Yintoni gamete eziphilayo? Inkcazo kunye nemisebenzi sele kuchaziwe, siya kujongana indima yabo begazi. Gametes badlala indima ephambili yokuzala. Ukuhlanganisa, inkunzi gamete nemazi ukwenza elilodwa - endlwaneni a zofuzo ezipheleleyo diploid. Iqanda bomntu omnye kuphela uhlobo chromosome - X. Ekubeni engamadoda babe kunye X- kunye Y-chromosome inqubo yinxalenye X kunye inxalenye - Y chromosome. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo amadlozi kwakheke iqanda kuxhomekeke besini umntwana. XX zofuzo encoder ababhinqileyo, XY - eyindoda.

Ngokukhawuleza emva kokukhulelwa, elilodwa iqala ukukhula kunye nabelane. Ngaphakathi iqanda apha imfuyo kwezondlo ngohlobo egg sac. Elilodwa lixesha lokuba abe kwimeko opholileyo, angalahluli kwaye musa ukuphuhlisa phambi kokuqala iimeko zivuma. Olu hlobo uphuhliso uphawu ezinye izityalo.

Xa inani izondlo iqanda yahlulwe aletsitalnye (ngaphandle sac) oligoletsitalnye (omncinci kwezondlo), mezoletsitalnye (avareji yenani zezondlo), poliletsitalnye (kunye nenani elikhulu sac). Kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba gamete biology - iseli sex, ngaphandle apho yokuzala phakathi kwabantu kwezinto eziphilayo anikiweyo.