Ukuthengiswa kwe-elektroniki - njani ukuthatha inxaxheba? Umyalelo wesinyathelo-nge-nyathelo, amaqonga okuthengisa

Namhlanje, umyalelo welizwe uthathwa njengethuluzi elisebenzayo ukuxhasa ishishini kuneenzuzo okanye inkxaso. Kukho umgangatho oqhelekileyo ukuba abathengi kamasipala nabarhulumente banyanzelekile ukuba babeke malunga ne-10-20% yomsindo wonyaka wokuthunyelwa kwezinto ezigqityiweyo, ukubonelela ngeenkonzo kunye nokwenza imisebenzi evela kumashishini amancinci. Ukubala kule meko kulula kakhulu: amashishini amancinci kunye namashishini aphakathi asebenzisa ixesha elincinci. Ngamanye amazwi, banesibambiso esincinci sezinto ezibonakaliswa ngomgangatho ophezulu. Nangona kunjalo, amashishini amakhulu kuphela anokuba neyunithi ekhethekileyo yokwakha eya kubandakanyeka ukuthatha inxaxheba kwintengiso yekhompyutha. Baye balandele iilawulwa karhulumente kwaye bafake izicelo ezifanelekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

Ukuthengwa kwe-elektroniki: indlela yokuthatha inxaxheba

Imiyalelo yesinyathelo-by-step namhlanje isoloko ifumaneka kwiiwebhusayithi eziqingqiweyo kunye namaforamu. Masizame ukuqonda ngokubanzi iinkcukacha ngale nkqubo.

Ukufakwa komyalelo ngurhulumente okanye ishishini likamasipala lenziwa ngeendlela ezininzi:

- ngokusebenzisa ibhidi;

- isicelo seengcaphuno;

- kuthengwa kumthengisi omnye.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho ukunciphisa ezithile kwiinkqubo ezimbini zokugqibela. Ngoko, isicelo seengcaphuno sisebenza kuphela kuphela phambi kwamaxabiso ngeendleko ezifikelela kuma-ruble angama-500,000. Ukuthengwa kumthengisi omnye kuya kwenziwa ngohlobo oluthile lweempahla, ezinokufuna ukuvavanya kokubili kwixabiso kunye nakweminye imigaqo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, inkqubo enjalo iyenziwa ngokuthengwa kwishishini lokukhusela, inzululwazi okanye ubugcisa obuphezulu.

Intengiso yekhompyutha njengesixhobo esisebenzayo

Kwiimeko zokulawulwa kwanamhlanje, iiplani zokurhweba zokuthengisa ngekhompyutha zizona ndlela eziphambili zokubeka iinkontrakthi zikaRhulumente. Isabelo sabo namhlanje sininzi malunga ne-60% yesamba semali. Olu hlobo lweentengiso lubonwa njengesixhobo esinamandla kakhulu ekulwa nokulwa nenkohlakalo. Inzuzo yale nkqubo ingabonakali ngabathathi-nxaxheba, ukungafihli kolwazi kunye nokukhuphisana okukhulu. Iiplani zokurhweba zokuthengisa ngekhompyutheni kukuvumela ukukhusela nayiphi na isaphulelo kwisigaba sokuqala.

Yophando lweentengiso

Yiyiphi ukuthengwa kwekhompyutha, indlela yokuthatha inxaxheba, umyalelo wesinyathelo-nge-nyathelo - yonke ingcaciso malunga nale ingatholakala kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni, apho izipapasho zentengiso zipapashwa. Ngelo xesha, kufuneka bafakwe ngaphandle kweentsuku ezi-7 ukuya kwe-20 ngaphambi komhla wokungeniswa kwezicelo, kuxhomekeke kwintengo yokuqala. Ezi ndawo zilandelayo zorhwebo zokuthengisa ziyaziwa:

- Sberbank;

- "I-RTS-Tender";

- MICEX "Ukuthengwa kweeNkonzo zikaRhulumente".

Ngayinye yalezi ziza inerejista yayo yeevenkile. Ezi ziza zixhotyiswe ngendlela efanelekileyo yokukhangela. Kwakhona uluhlu oludibeneyo lweentengiso kwiziko leenkcukacha ezihambelana neRussian Federation. Uphando lunokuqhutywa ngokukhawuleza ngeendlela ezininzi, eziququzelele kakhulu inkqubo yokumisela into efunwayo.

UMphathiswa woPhuhliso loQoqosho unoxanduva lokulawulwa komthetho kunye nomthetho womyalelo welizwe. Ukulawula ukubekwa kwee-oda I-Federal Antimonopoly Service.

Ukubhaliswa kwesiginitsha sekhompyutha

Le nkqubo kufuneka ifakwe xa iqumrhu loshishino liza kuthatha inxaxheba ekuthengiseni ngekhompyutha. Ungathenga isignatshi yekhompyutha yekhompyutha kunaliphi na isikhungo esiqinisekisiweyo esifanelekileyo sokubhengezwa kwindawo yemarike apho ishishini okanye ishishini lomntu liza kuqhuba ukuhweba. Iile dilesi zamagunya aqinisekisiwe ngommandla zingatholakala kwiwebsite yokuthengwa kwempahla.

Isayineli yesigxina yekhompyutha ikhutshwe kwiintsuku ezintathu zokusebenza. Ivumela idokhumenti kwifom yekhompyutheni ukuba inikeze imeko esemthethweni, oko kukuqinisekisa ukuba uthatha inxaxheba kwizigqibo ezenziwe nguye kwinkqubo yokubhengeza.

U kuvunywa

Akukho shishini lorhwebo linelungelo lokuthatha inxaxheba kwintengiso ngaphandle kokuvunyelwa ngokufanelekileyo kwisayithi apho ukuthengiswa kwe-elektroniki kwenzeka khona. Indlela yokuthatha inxaxheba, umyalelo wesinyathelo-nge-nyathelo ekungeneni-konke oku kuhambelana nesicwangciso ngasinye sokuthengisa.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, le nkqubo ilandelayo. Kubalulekile ukuya kwindawo esemthethweni yesayithi, ugcwalise ifomu ekhethekileyo yokuvuma, kunye nesicelo sokuvula i-akhawunti. Iphakheji ehambelanayo yamaphepha (amaxwebhu asemthethweni, i-extract evela kwiRejista yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yeeNkampani zomthetho, umgaqo-nkqubo malunga nokuqeshwa kwentloko yoshishini kunye negunya lommeli onelungelo lokuthatha inxaxheba kwiithenda) mazifakwe. Kule meko, umenzi wesicelo sokuvunyelwa kufuneka ahlangabezane neemfuno ezizodwa, ezinikezelwa ngamashishini okuthengisa.

Kwiintsuku ezintlanu, umsebenzisi wesayithi uhlola i sicelo kwaye uqinisekisa ubungqina bokuvunywa okanye ukulahla okuqulethe izimvo ezizodwa kunye nenqaku leephene. Iiplani zokurhweba zokuthengisa ngeekhompyutheni azibeki naziphi na izithintelo kwinani leemvavanyo zokuvunywa. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuqwalaselwa kwesicelo ngasinye esilandelayo, yonke into iya kuthatha iintsuku ezintlanu zokusebenza.

Emva kokudlula ukuvuma, ngamnye umntu othabatha inxaxheba uya kudala ikhabhinethi yakhe kumgangatho wokurhweba. Ukusebenza kwalo kukuvumela ukuba ufake isicelo sokuthatha inxaxheba kwiintengiso ze-elektroniki, ukuba uthathe inxaxheba ngqo kubo, kunye nokuhambisa izicelo zokucaciswa kwamaphepha eethenda.

Ukutshintshwa kweemali kwi-akhawunti

Le yinyathelo elilandelayo, eliyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuthatha inxaxheba ekuthengiseni i-elektroniki. Ukuba iinkonzo zeteknoloji kunye neentengiso zigcinwe phakathi kwabameli bamashishini amancinci, ke le ntlawulo mayibe malunga ne-2% yexabiso eliphambili lolawulo lonke. Ezinye iimeko ziquka ukuhlawula i-5% yale xabiso le-oda. Emva kokuba i-auction iphela, isixa siya kuvulwa kwaye sinokukhishwa kwi-akhawunti.

Emva kokufumana imali kwi-akhawunti yesikhulumi sekhompyutheni inxaxheba ekuthumele isicelo sokuthatha inxaxheba kwintengiso.

Ibhidi ejoliswe ekukhuliseni

Ukuthatha uphando oluthile lolwabiwo olubhekiselele ekugcineni ukwandiswa kwoluhlu lwabaxumi kunye nokubeka iliso kwamanani, enye yeenkonzo ezibonelelwe ngamashishini okuthengisa. Iintengiso zekhompyutheni azikho nje isisombululo esisebenzayo sokunciphisa iindleko ngexesha lokuthengwa kweempahla, kodwa kunye neendlela zokufumana inzuzo ephezulu kwinkqubo yokunyuka "kwamaxabiso" xa kuthengisa ipropati okanye iinkonzo zokuqeshisa.

Ukuthengiswa kwekhompyutha kwiziko "Sberbank"

Iiplani zokurhweba zokurhweba nge-elektroniki "I-Sberbank-AST" isebenze ukususela ngo-2009.
Eli qumrhu lebhizinisi lelinye labathathu abaqhubi abasemagqabini ekuqhubeni amashishini evulekile. Kananjalo unelungelo lokungena kwiikontrakthi zombuso ukwenzela ukubonelelwa kwempahla, imisebenzi kunye neenkonzo kwiimfuno zedolophu. Injongo ephambili yale nqonga yekhompyutheni ukubeka iilawulwa iimfuno zikamasipala kunye nelizwe. Ngelo xesha, i-Sberbank-AST ilungiselela ivenkile yezobugcisa kwiinkampani zorhwebo ngokubonelela ngamacwecwe e-elektroniki abathengi abakhulu.

Iiplani zorhwebo ze-elektroniki "Rosseltorg"

Lo ungomnye wabasebenzisi abakhulu bokuthengisa. Iyaziwa ngokuba yi "Single Marketplace Marketplace".

Iiplani zorhwebo ze-elektroniki "Rosseltorg" zibonakaliswe ngamava atyebileyo ekuqhubeni iindire, abasebenzi abanzi beengcali eziqeqeshelelekileyo kunye nezicwangciso zobuchwepheshe ezizodwa. Le nkampani ijolise ukukhupha iinguqu ezintle zeemarike zentengiso yomphakathi. Ukuhlaziywa rhoqo kweziseko zalo, kunye nokuphunyezwa kwezicwangciso ezintsha zokuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa okuthembekileyo kwenkqubo yonke yokuthengiswa kwekhompyutha.

Ukuthengisa phantsi kweMICEX

I-MICEX yecandelo lokurhweba ngekhompyutha ligunyazisiweyo ukuba liququzelele i-auction electronics. Njengoko kukhankanywe ngasentla, ngenye yeenqwelomoya zeshishini zeshishini ezinhlanu kwiifom yekhompyutha. I-CJSC ETS ngumsebenzisi wale ndawo, eqhuba ukuthengiswa kwe-elektroniki. Indlela yokuthatha inxaxheba? Umyalelo wesinyathelo-nge-nyathelo kule ndawo yokurhweba kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni yeqela leMICEX.

Eli qela liyisakhiwo sokutshintshisana esinikezela ngesiseko seqonga elilodwa iinkonzo ezichaphazelekayo ukulungiselela ukucoca, ukurhweba ngekhompyutha, kunye nolwazi kunye neenkonzo zentlawulo. Kwisakhelo se-MICEX, umsebenzi uqhutyelwa ngokukodwa ngamacandelo amaninzi eemarike (imarike yemasheya, imali, iimarike zemali kunye neemveliso).

Isakhiwo sale qela siquka inethiwekhi yezonxibelelwano zamasebe aseSt. Petersburg, iVladivostok, iRostov-on-Don, iNovosibirsk, iYekaterinburg, iKrasnoyarsk, iSamara kunye neNizhny Novgorod.

Abathathi-nxaxheba kwicandelo le-elektroniki banamakhono alandelayo:

- unelungelo lokufumana ulwazi kwiintengiso ezahlukahlukeneyo ze-electronics ezigcinwe kumgangatho wezorhwebo we-MICEX;

- inokuthatha inxaxheba kwintengiso ye-elektroniki ngokuhambelana nemimiselo yemimiselo efanelekileyo;

- uqinisekile ukuba imithetho yokuqhuba ivenkile zombane ifana nabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba.

Ukufezekiswa kwepropati ebanjelwe

Kwizoqoqosho zanamhlanje, ingxaki yokungabuyiselwa kwemali yokuqeshisa kunye neebhanki zebhanki ithatha uxinzelelo olukhethekileyo. Isixhobo esiqhelekileyo sokubuyisela umonakalo wezinto eziphathekayo kumaziko emali kukuthengiswa kwekhompyutha kwipropati ebanjwe. Ukuzaliswa kwepropati enjalo kunokubangela umdla kubantu abaninzi. Ngexesha elifanayo, ngokusebenza, iRussian Federation igxininise kakhulu kumazwe aseYurophu, apho ukuthengiswa kweebhanki ngeebhanki kuye kwangexesha elide lilawulwa yindlela eyenziwe kakuhle. Ukuthengwa kwee-elektroniki kwipropati ethembekileyo kulula kakhulu inkqubo yokuphunyezwa kwayo.

Kwiziko leebhanki, le fomu yokuphunyezwa inenzuzo. Emva koko, ngenxa yabo, ipropati ebanjwe yintlobo ye "ballast", ekubeni umxholo wayo ubangela ukwanda kweendleko ezingenakuvelisa.

Kufuneka kwakhona kukhunjulwe ukuba amaxabiso athengiswayo kwintengiso esithengiswayo ayisoloko enqatshelwe, njengoko kubalulekile ukuba amaziko asebhanki aqonde ngokukhawuleza.

Umbutho wezobugcisa zorhwebo

Umbutho wezoThengisi zee-elektroniki ubonisa ukuhlanganiswa kweenkqubo ezininzi zokurhweba kunye nokuthengwa kwempahla.

Umsebenzi wale mihlangano yenziwa kule mimandla elandelayo:

- ukwakheka kwenkqubo efanelekileyo yolawulo ngokuthengwa kwamashishini kunye noluntu;

- imilinganiselo yeendlela zokusebenza ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kweesayinithi zedijithali kwikhompyutha;

- ukunikezela ngolwazi olusisigxina kunye nomgangatho wokuthengwa kwempahla.