Tomat Moskvich: ukuphononongwa, ifoto, inkcazelo, inkcazo, ukulima

Indawo yaseTamatisi yaseMzantsi Melika. EYurophu le ngqolowa-berry yaqalisa ngenkulungwane ye-16. Emva kwexesha, baqala ukuzalisa eRussia. Ekubeni isityalo sino-thermophilic, ekuqaleni sakhula kuphela kwimimandla esezantsi. Kamva, abalimi bezityalo, ukuvelisa isivuno esihle, kubandakanywa nesimo sezulu ebanda, babalwa ngababeleki. Enye yezona zidume kakhulu namhlanje yi-tomato Moskvich. Ngalolu hlobo lwezinto ezintle kwaye uthethe ngakumbi.

Inkcazelo ngokubanzi

UTomat Moskvich, ukuphononongwa ngabagadi baninzi abanomdla, bekhishwe kwi-Vavilov Institute of Genetics ngo-1976. Eli klasi libhekisela ekuvuthweni kwangaphambili, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo libekezelela ukushisa okuphantsi. Iibhasi zikhula phantsi (30-45 cm), i-compact, ephakathi. Iitamatisi ezinomda zinesimo esifanelekileyo esisijikelezileyo, umbala obomvu obomvu, i-peel ephihlileyo, ukuhluka kwenyama, i-juiciness kunye nezimpawu eziphazamisayo. Kwiibhulashi kukho iziqhamo ezi-5-6. Ubungakanani obukhulu kakhulu (malunga ne-80 gram), kwaye ngoko ke akufanelekanga kuphela ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi, kodwa kunye nokukhethwa.

Iinkalo eziphambili zokulima

Ukufaneleka kwimiyezo enjalo yemifuno, njengotamatato uMoskvich, inkcazo enikezelwa ngasentla, inokuthi ibonelelwe kwaye inyaniso yokuba ayifuni ukuziphatha kwe-pasynkovaniya. Oku kuyamnceda njengento elula kunokwenzeka. Ubuncedo belo luhlu lukwachasana nezifo eziqhelekileyo ze-solanaceous, njengobunzima bokugqibela, i-fusariosis, i-alternaria, i- verticillium wilt.

Olu luhlu luye lwaphuhliswa ngokukhula ngaphandle. Ukususela ekuveleni kwamahlumela ukuvuna ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatha iintsuku ezingama-90-110 (xa ukhula izithombo). Iitamatisi zokuqala zivuthwe ngoJulayi. Ukuhluma kuphelile ekupheleni kukaAgasti.

Tomat Moskvich: ukuhlolwa

Iimbono zabanini beendawo zasemaphandleni malunga nale mibala ephawulekayo ngaphezu kweeminyaka zokuba khona kwayo sele iqhutywe kakuhle. Kwimizuzu emihle yokwanda kweetamatisi, uMoskvich akabhekiselele kuphela ekumanyeni kwamaqondo aphantsi okushisa, izifo, kodwa kunye nokukwazi ukunika isivuno esihle kakhulu nangaphantsi kweemeko ezikhulayo kakhulu. Ubuncedo beli klasi kukuhlanganiswa kwayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ezi tamatato zikhulile kwi-loggias kunye nefestile efunyanwa ngabo bangenalo indawo yabo yommandla wamanxweme. Uhlobo olusondeleyo kulona bakala lunokuba kunye nabanikazi begadi zincinci ezincinci.

Abalimi abaninzi abanamava bacebisa abantu abatsha ukuba bafumane amava ekukhuleni isithethe esinjalo esingenakunqwenelekayo, njengamatamatati, ngokuqala ngeentlobo zeMoskvich. Emva koko, ezi tamatato zihlaziywa kakhulu, kwaye ukungabikho komfuno we-pasynkovaniya kusindisa ixesha kunye nomzamo. Nangona kwimeko ephosakeleyo kunye nexesha lokuthatha izithombo kwiindawo ezivulekile kunye nezityalo, akukho nto iya kwenzeka. Ukuchasana nezifo kuya kubangela ukuba abatsha bafikelele ngokukhawuleza ukukhula kwetamatato uMoskvich. Ukuphononongwa kwezi ngqungquthela, ngoko, yenza ukuba ukwazi ukumgweba njengomnye wezindlu ezilungileyo kakhulu namhlanje.

Ukutyala izithombo

Kwiibhokisi, utamatisi uMoskvich uhlwayelwa rhoqo ngasekupheleni kukaMatshi - ekuqaleni koApreli. Izitya ezifakwe kwiifestile zifakwe kwiifestile okanye zigcinwe kwiindawo zokugcina izithombo. Umxube wehlabathi ulungiselelwe kwi- turf yomhlaba kunye ne-humus kwisixa somqulu we-2x1. Kulo mhlaba ukhula izityalo ezintle kakhulu. Ungayisebenzisa njengomxube we-peat, umgquba kunye ne-turf ngokulinganayo.

Ngaphambi kokuba kuhlwayelwe umhlaba obangelwayo uthunyelwa kwiibhokisi, ngokucokisekileyo kutyalwe kwaye kumanzi. Kulo mhlaba i-groove kunye neepencil okanye nayiphi enye into eyenziwa kunye neendawo zokudla eziphakathi kwe-1 cm ejulile, kunye nexesha eli-3-5 cm. Imbewu (i-1 cm ehlukeneyo) ityalwe kuyo. UTomat Moskvich (inkcazo yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zinikezelwe ngcaciso engentla) ayizithobeki, kodwa kakhulu ukutshala izinto zokulima akukafaneli. Ngaphandle koko, amahlumela aya kukhuphisana.

Ngaphambi kokuvela kweentlobo, iibhokisi zigcinwa kwindawo emnyama, zifakwe ifilimu. Emva kokuba utamatisi unyuka, ahanjiswe kwiifestile. Susa ifilimu. Ngokukhawuleza ukuba elinye iqabunga livela kwizityalo, umhlaba omncinci kufuneka uthululelwe kwiibhokisi.

Khetha

Unokwenza njani ukuze ufumane imbewu enamandla kakhulu enjengoko utamatisi uMoskvich? Ukulima (ukuphonononga malunga nale tamatato kumnandi kakhulu, kwaye ngokukodwa ukwesaba ukwenza into engalunganga akufanelekanga), ezi tamatato kwiibhokisi - inkqubo ilula. Nangona kunjalo, izityalo ezintle zifumaneka kuphela xa kukhethwa. Le nkqubo inceda ekukhuseleni ukunweba kwezityalo kwaye kunceda ukuqinisa inkqubo yazo.

Baye bathabatha utamatisi uMoskvich kwisigaba samagqabini angama-2. Izityalo ezinamandla zihanjiswe kwiindawo ezininzi ezinobunzima, ngelixa ababuthathaka basuswa kuphela. Emva kokucoca i-tomato nganye kufuneka ubuncinane ubuninzi be-10 cm ububanzi. Indlela elula kakhulu ukudlulisa utamatisi kwiiplastiki okanye kwiikomityi zephepha ezizaliswe ngumhlaba wohlobo olufanayo njengoko kubhokisi.

Izimpande ezincinci zentsimi zezityalo azange zonakaliswe, umhlaba uchithe ngokuchanekileyo ngaphambi kokuba uthwale. Utamatisi poddevayut ngesandla iziqwenga eziliqela kunye nomhlaba, ngoko uhlulwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye uhlezi kwiiglasi, zadlubiv ukuya kumagqabi. Beka izityalo kumhlaba omtsha ukuze iingcambu zingaphuli kwaye zingaguquki. Emva kokukhethwa, iikomityi zifakwa kwindawo eqaqambileyo kwindlu. Kwixesha elizayo, kuyakufuneka ukuba uqinisekise ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba umhlaba awuwomile kuwo.

Ukunyamekela izityalo

Iimpawu zentamatyambo e-Moskvich, ezo zivalo ziyamangalisa ngokwenene, njengazo naziphi na ezinye izityalo ezilinywayo, zifuna ukutyilisa ngokukhawuleza. Yenza umhlaba phantsi kweentata zincinci ngokukhawuleza, ngeyure okanye ngokuhlwa. Ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ukuhluma kwamahlumela kwiprafu. Emva kokuba iingcambu ziqiniswe ngakumbi, ungaqala ukusebenzisa umgudu okanye ibhotile. Emva kwexesha elithile emva kokuthambisa umhlaba omisiweyo omisiwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo, utamatisi ukuthambisa akukhuthazwa. Ngaphandle koko izityalo ziya kukhula kwaye zipheliswe.

Ukuba izityalo zikhula kakuhle kwaye zibe nombala ohlaza obumnyama wamagqabi kunye neziqu, akudingekile ukuba zondle. Xa ushiya emva kokukhula, i- ammonium nitrate (12-15 g ngalinye nge-10 litres zamanzi) isetyenziswe.

Ukukhetha indawo engadini

Ukunyuka utamatisi uMoskvich, ukuphononongwa okukuvumela ukuba ugwebe njengowona mntu ungeyithobekanga kakhulu ukuba abe nomhla, evulekileyo. Kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo, olu luhlu alufanelekanga, kuba alusebenzi kwi-self-pollinating. Eyona nto ifanelekileyo kwiibhedi zetamatato uMoskvich iya kukhanya kakuhle ilanga, ivaliwe kwindawo yomoya. Iimpawu eziphambili zeetamatato zizityalo ezifana ne-anyanisi, iikomkom kunye neerotrothi. Abalimi abaninzi abanamava bacebisa ukutyala utamatisi kwiindawo ezikufutshane ne-strawberry. Zona zombini izityalo ziyazuza kulo mzekelo - izivuno zanda kakhulu, kwaye iziqhamo ngokwabo ziba zikhulu.

Ukulungiselela iibhedi

Ngoko, indawo yeetamatato ikhethiweyo. Ungayilungiselela njani imibhede? Ukuqala ukwenza oku kulungile ukusuka ekwindla. Isayithi elikhethiweyo libiwe ubunzulu be-30 cm kunye nesichumisi senziwa emhlabathini. Ingaba i-humus, i-compost okanye i-mineral dressing (i-superphosphate, ityuwa ye-potassium).

Ngentwasahlobo isitya se-tomato saphinda sitshiswa, songeza ama-gramu angama-55 we-superphosphate nganye kwisilinganisi semitha, 15 g ye- potassium chloride kunye ne-20 g ye-nitmonium nitrate. Amava ase-horticulturalists abacebisi ukuba basebenzise umgquba weenkomo njengengubo ephezulu yokugqoka utamatisi. Xa isetyenziswe kwizityalo, ubunzima obuluhlaza buqala ukuphuhlisa ngokukhawuleza ukuphazamiseka kwezimbali kunye nokuvelisa.

Indlela yokudlulisa izityalo ukuvula umhlaba

Ngoku makhe sibone indlela yokutshala utamatisi uMoskvich engadini. Iimpawu zolu hlobo zifana nokuba zingakhula zibandakanya kwiindawo zokulima. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze ufumane isivuno esihle kakhulu, izihlahla ezincinane kufuneka zifakwe ngaphantsi. Ukutyala utamatisi okhulile kwiibhokisi ngokuqhelekileyo kuluhlu. Umgama phakathi kwamahlathi kufuneka ube malunga no-40 cm. Phakathi kwemigca isithuba se 70 cm sishiywe.

Ewe, iiyure ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokutyala izithombo kufuneka zichithwe kakuhle. Ukuhlutha umhlaba phantsi kwezityalo kufuneka kube kanye emva kokuhamba kwabo. Kule meko kuphela zonke iintlobo zityalo ezifana nesitato uMoskvich uya kuthatha. Ukuphononongwa (iifoto zale tatata zihanjiswa kwiphepha) malunga nokusinda kweencotyambo zezi ntlobo, ngendlela, nazo zilungile.

I-Deepen iitamatisi zingene emhlabathini ngendlela enokuthi isitshalo sihlala ngaphandle. Ukususela kwiikomityi zephepha, izityalo azikhenxwanga, zimbale emhlabathini kunye nazo.

Hlani utamatisi omncinane uMoskvich kwiibhedi kwiqela eliphakathi laseRashiya ngokuqhelekileyo ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi. Ngeli xesha, kusekho ingozi yeqabunga ebusuku. Ngoko ke, kuyinqweneleka ukufihla izityalo ezithunyelwayo. Ngenxa yoko, i-arcs ibeke phezu kwayo, ihlanganiswe ngefilimu ebonakalayo.

Ulondolozo lwehlobo lweetamatato

Ukuqhubela phambili siya kuqonda ngokunyamekela ngethuba lexesha elikhulayo lifuna utamatisi uMoskvich. Ukuphonononga (ixesha lokufika kwalo emhlabathini - phakathi okanye ekupheleni kukaMeyi) ngokubhekiselele kumanyathelo okushisa okuphantsi malunga nawo. Ngoko ukugcina ifilimu phezu kombhede ixesha elide, kunokwenzeka ukuba akufanele. Bawudubula kwiintsuku ezingama-20 ukuya ku-Meyi.

Utamatisi omdala onkcenkceshwayo uMoskvich uyamthanda kakhulu, kodwa akahlali rhoqo. Kwimozulu eshushu, umhlaba ophantsi kwabo uvame ukuhlanjululwa yonke imihla, ungavumeli ukuba wome. Imvula - ukuphindaphinda kwamanzi kuncitshiswa.

Ngethuba lokuqala, utamatisi udliwe ngokukhawuleza emva kokutyala. Ungasebenzisa isisombululo se-Mullein (1x10) okanye umquba wenkukhu (1x20). Zonke izambatho eziphezulu ezilandelayo, ezifanele zenziwe ngexesha elide malunga neentsuku ezili-10, zenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kwezichumisi zentsimbi kuphela. Ingaba, umzekelo, isisombululo se-nitrofosca (60 g nge 10 l).

Ukuthintela izifo

Nangona kwiintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeMoskvich zizinzile, zifafaze ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwihlobo zisafanele. Ukukhusela izifo, naziphi na izisombululo ezifanelekileyo kule njongo zingasetyenziswa. Into enhle kakhulu yokukhusela izifo ingaba, umzekelo, i-Bordeaux eqhelekileyo okanye i-garlic tincture.

Ngaloo ndlela, siye safumanisa ukuba i-tomato uMoskvich yintoni (inkcazo, ukuhlaziywa kunikwe apha ngasentla). Esi sityalo sinyanisekileyo. Emva kokutyala ezo zitamatisi kwintsimi yakho, unokufumana isivuno esihle ngexesha elifutshane kunye nomzamo.