Ukuvavanya kwamachiza okupakisha kwamashishini okufudumeza

Ukusebenza okusebenzayo nokwethenjelwa kwenkqubo yokufudumala kunokunikela ubomi obuzolileyo kunye nobomi bemizuzu ebusika. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho iintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo zeemeko ezigqithiseleyo, apho ukusebenza kwenkqubo kunokungafani kakhulu neemeko zoluntu. Ukuvavanywa kwamachiza okupakishwa kwamanzi kunye nokuhlwitha kuyimfuneko ukukhusela imeko engenzeka ngexesha lokufudumala.

Injongo yokuhlolwa kwamanzi

Njengomthetho, nayiphina inkqubo yokufudumala isebenza kwimodi efanelekileyo. Umxinzelelo osebenzayo wokupholisa kwizakhiwo ezisezantsi zihlala kwi-atm e-2, kwizakhiwo ezilisithoba-5-7 kwiimitha ezili-7 ukuya kwi-atm. Kwiinkqubo zokubonelela ngoshushu, zibeka phantsi komhlaba, isibonakaliso soxinzelelo singafikelela kwi-12.

Ngamanye amaxesha kukho ukunyuka okungalindelekanga, okukhokelela ekunyuseni kwayo kwinethiwekhi. Ngenxa yoko, ukutshatyalaliswa kwamanzi kuyabonakala. Kufuneka ukuba uvavanyo lwe- hydraulic of heat pipelines ukuvavanya le nkqubo kungekhona kuphela ukukwazi ukusebenza phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, kodwa kunye nokukwazi ukunqoba ukutshatyalaliswa kwamanzi.

Ukuba, ngenxa yezizathu ezithile, i-system yokufudumala ayihloliswanga, emva koko ukutshatyalaliswa kwamanzi engozi ezinokuthi zenzeke eziza kukhokelela kumkhukula wamanzi abilayo kumagumbi, izixhobo, ifenitshala, njl.

Ukulandelelana komsebenzi

Yenza iimvavanyo zamanzi emipayipi ngokulandelelana okulandelayo.

• Ukucoca kombhobho.
• Ukufakwa kweekhranti, iiplogi kunye neejinini zokuxinzelela.
• Amanzi kunye ne- hydraulic press zixhunyiwe .
• Iipayipi zizaliswe ngamanzi kwixabiso elifunekayo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwamapayipi kunye nokumakisha kweendawo apho iziphumo ezifunyenweyo zenziwa khona.
• Ukupheliswa kweziphene.
• Ukuqhuba uvavanyo lwesibini.
• Ukuxhatshaliswa kwamanzi kunye nokucinywa kwamanzi kwimibhobho.
• Ukususwa kweplagi kunye neengqinamba zogonyamelo.

Umsebenzi wokulungiselela

Ngaphambi kokwenza iimvavanyo zamanzi ezipayipi zokushushumbisa iinkqubo, kuyimfuneko ukuhlola zonke iiplavane, zizalise iingqungquthela ngeengqungquthela. Ukulungiswa kwemibhobho kwaye uhlolisise ukukhutshwa. Inkqubo yokufudumala ngokwayo kufuneka ihlukaniswe kwipayipi eyona nto ngeeplagi.

Emva kokuqhuba zonke iindlela ezifunekayo, inkqubo yokufudumala igcwele amanzi. Ngokuncedwa kwezixhobo zokupompa, ukunyanzelwa komzimba kudala , isibonakaliso saso siba ngamaxesha angama-1.3-1.5 aphezulu kunomsebenzi. Umxinzelelo oveliswe kwinkqubo yokufudumala kufuneka igcinwe enye imizuzu engama-30. Ukuba ayanciphisi, inkqubo yokufudumala ilungele ukusebenza. Ukwamkelwa kwemisebenzi kwiimvavanyo zemizi-mveliso eyenziwa ngokuhlolwa kwamanethiwekhi okushisa.

Iimvavanyo zokuqina namandla

Ukuqala kunye nokwamkelwa kokuhlolwa kwamanzi emipayipi (SNiP 3.05.04-85) kufuneka kwenziwe ngokulandelelana okuthile.

Amandla

1. Kwipayipi, uxinzelelo luya kunyuka kwi-test (P _kunye ) ngokupompoza amanzi kwaye igcinwa imizuzu eyi-10. Musa ukunciphisa uxinzelelo olungaphezu kwe-1 kgf / m ² (0.1 MPa).
2. Uxinzelelo lovavanyo luyancitshiswa kwixinzelelo loyilo (P _p ) lwangaphakathi, ngoko lugcinwa ngokupompoza amanzi. Iipayipi zihlolwa ngenxa yeziphene ngexesha elifunekayo ukwenza lo mhloli.
3. Iziphene ezifunyenweyo ziphelile, kwaye uvavanyo oluphindaphindiweyo lwe-hydraulic ye-pipeline luchoxiswa. Kuphela emva koko, kunokwenzeka ukuba uqhubeke novavanyo lokuvuza.

Ukuqina

1. Kwipayipi, uxinzelelo lukhuphuka kwixabiso lokuvavanya lokuvuza (P _g ).
2. Isikhathi sokuqala solu vavanyo sigxininisekile (T _н ), inqanaba lokuqala lamanzi (h) lilinganiswa kwitanki yokulinganisa.
3. Emva koko, uxinzelelo kwimpayili linciphile.

Kukho iindlela ezintathu ezinokubangela ukuhla kweengcinezelo, siya kuziqwalasela.

Eyokuqala

Ukuba kungaphantsi kwemizuzu eyi-10 isibonakaliso soxinzelelo sinciphisa ngamanqaku angaphantsi kwe-2 omlinganiselo we-gauge ye-pressure gauge, kodwa futhi akayi kuba ngaphantsi kwebhaliweyo ngaphakathi (P _p ), ngoko unokugqiba ukubonwa.

Okwesibini

Ukuba emva kwemizuzu eyi-10 uxinzelelo luhlahla ngaphantsi kwama-2 amanqaku kwinqanaba lokulinganisa i-pressure gauge, ngoko kubeka ingqalelo ukunyanzelwa kwengcinezelo ngaphakathi (P _p ) kubalwa kufuneka kuqhutywe de kube iwele phantsi kwamanqaku angama-2 kumlinganiselo wokulinganisa.

Ubungakanani bokubheka iipayipi zekhonkrithi eziqinisiweyo kufuneka zingadluli iiyure ezingama-3, ukwenzela i-iron-iron, i-steel kunye ne-asbestos-stement yamapayipi. Emva kwexesha elichanekileyo, uxinzelelo kufuneka luyeke kwixinzelelo loyilo (P _p ), ngaphandle koko amanzi avela emipayipi adluliselwa kwi-tank yokulinganisa.

Wesithathu

Ukuba ingaphantsi kwemizuzu eyi-10 uxinzelelo luba ngaphantsi koxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwangaphakathi (P _p ), ngoko ke ukuvavanywa kwamanzi okupasa kufuneka kubekwe kunye namanyathelo athatyathwe ekupheliseni iimpazamo ezifihlakeleyo ngokugcina iimpompo kwixinzelelo lwangaphakathi (P _p ) de emva kokuvavanya okufutshane Ngeke kubekho iziphene eziza kubangela ukunyanzeliswa kwengcinezelo engavumelekanga kwipayipi.

Ukunqunywa komthamo wamanzi owongezelelweyo

Emva kokuqwalaselwa kwehla kwiinkcukacha zoxinzelelo lweyokuqala kunye nokupheliswa kokukhutshwa kwe-coolant ngokuhambelana noluhlu lwesibini lugqityiweyo, oku kulandelayo kufuneka kwenziwe.

• Ngokupompa kwitanki yamanzi, uxinzelelo kwipayipi landa kwixabiso kwiimvavanyo zamanzi (P _g ).
• Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ixesha apho uvavanyo lokuvuza (T _k ) lugqityiwe.
• Ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukulinganisa umgangatho wokugqibela wamanzi h _k kwinqanaba lokulinganisa.
• Misela ixesha lokuvavanywa kwamapayipi (T _k- T _n ), iminithi.
• Bala inani lamanzi elipompozwe kwi-tank yokulinganisa Q (ukukhetha okokuqala).
• Qinisekisa umehluko phakathi kwamanzi amaninzi aphelelwe ngaphandle kwaye akhutshwe emibhobho okanye umlinganiselo wongeziweyo lwamanzi okupompoza Q (ukuhluka kwe-2).
• Bala inani lokuhamba kwamanzi okongezwayo (q _n ) ngokwemimiselo elandelayo: q _n = Q / (T _k- T _n )

Ukwenza isenzo

Isatifikethi sokuba yonke imisebenzi yenziwa yinto yokuhlolwa kwamanzi emipayipi. Olu xwebhu luhlanganiswe ngumhloli kwaye luqinisekisa ukuba umsebenzi wenziwa ngokuhambelana nayo yonke imimiselo nemithetho, kwaye ukuba inkqubo yokufudumala iwaphilisise ngempumelelo.

Ukuvavanywa kwamachiza emilenze kungenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini ezibalulekileyo:

1. Indlela ye-Manometric - iimvavanyo zenziwa ngeendlela zokunyamezela, iifowuni ezirekhoda zoxinzelelo. Ngexesha lokusebenza, ezi zixhobo zibonisa uxinzelelo lwangoku kwindlela yokufudumala. Ukuhlolwa kwamanzi ngamapayipi ngamanometer kuvumela umhloli ukuba ahlole ukuba yintoni isibonakaliso soxinzelelo ngexesha lovavanyo. Ngaloo ndlela, unjineli wenkonzo kunye nomhloli ujonge indlela ezinokuthenjwa ngayo iimvavanyo.
2. Indlela ye-hydrostatic ithathwa njengeyona ndlela iphumelelayo, ikuvumela ukuba uhlolisise inkqubo yokufudumala yokusebenza kwixinzelelo elingaphaya komyinge wokusebenza oqhelekileyo ngama-50%.

Iziqendu ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo zivavanywa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, ngelixa uvavanyo lwe-hydraulic yamapayipi alukwazi ukuhlala ngaphantsi kwemizuzu engama-10. Ukufudumala iinkqubo, ukuchithwa kwengcinezelo evumelekileyo kuthathwa njenge-0.02 MPa.

Isimo esiphezulu sokuqala kwexesha lokufudumala liqhutywe kakuhle kwaye lilungiselelwe ukuhlolwa kwamanzi ngamapayipi (SNiP 3.05.04-85), ngokuhambelana neemfuno zamaphepha olawulo olwangoku.