Ntoni izilwanyana-zawo ezimbini intliziyo? Sakhiwo ejikelezayo

Blood movement izicwili kweli qumrhu kufuneka ibe uhlobo lwempompo, indima yayo yabelwa izihlunu intliziyo. Kule izidalwa eliphilayo elilula, ezifana ntshulube kunye chordates, eli lungu engekho, kwaye ubume inkqubo yokujikeleza - iringi elivaliweyo. Iintlanzi ndinentliziyo-zawo ezimbini utyhala igazi emithanjeni yegazi kuwo onke amalungu omzimba, ebanika ukufikelela mpilo, izondlo ukhupha ukusuka ngokutshintshiselana iimveliso, nokuzisa kwiindawo zizalele nakuzo.

Njengoko ejikeleza kuphuhliswa

Inkqubo yegazi - kusisiseko wokuphila izinto ezininzi eziphilayo. Ukuze sikwazi ukufezekisa imisebenzi yalo, igazi kufuneka gqolo kujikeleziswa wonke umzimba. Amanqanaba uphuhliso lweenkqubo yegazi zibonwa ngokucacileyo xa kujongwa ubume sentliziyo iintlanzi, izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini, ezirhubuluzayo neentaka zezulu.

1. Iintlanzi zizilwanyana zinegazi elibandayo kunye sisixokelelwano esivalekileyo kwegazi. Zinelungelo intliziyo-zawo amabini kunye ejikeleza enye.
2. Emanzini nasemhlabeni ke ejikelezayo ezimbini, intliziyo yabo yahlulwe ezingontsini ezintathu. Ezi nketho na iingwenya.
3. Xa iintaka, abantu kunye nezilwanyana ezininzi umzimba sokumpompa igazi, limelwe iikhamera ezine, kunye nenkqubo kwegazi - izangqa ezibini.

izivumelwano kwezihlunu ezesifuba eshukumisa igazi ngenxa yegazi, leyo zahlulwe ezityeni ezincinane kwaye ezilungele zonke iindawo zomzimba. Emva, enika oksijini luncedo izinto imithambo yegazi sele, ochazwa ngokuba emithanjeni, kwaye ubuyisela umva zizityebi.

intliziyo usebenza iintlanzi njani

Izilwanyana ngentliziyo-zawo ezimbini, lidla ngokubizwa ngokuba zinegazi elibandayo. Bona abameli yeentlanzi kwindawo emhlabeni nasemanzini. Ngokutsho zebhayoloji zophando owayendifundisa uphuhliso inkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi, kucacile ukuba umzimba yokuqala wakhuph-olupheleleyo ezifumaneka iintlanzi. Aba zinegazi elibandayo ziye-zawo ezimbini iintliziyo, zingeniswe kwindlela ivalve intendelezo ventricle. isimiso lwenza enye isangqa, nokusukelana igazi lwemithambo.

Igazi ukusuka kwimpompo ehamba emithanjeni ze Kwakukhuhlwa apho mpilo Wawuzalisa ngokulungileyo migqomo. Elilandelayo ukwabiwa yayo emithanjeni ibekwe ancedisana emzimbeni, kanye saturation lwabo mpilo. Emva koko uya yegazi ngaphandle ioksijini kwaye ibuyisela kwisingxobo intliziyo phezu kwabo.

isakhiwo

iintlanzi bakudala baye-zawo ezimbini intliziyo, nto leyo ngokuqhelekileyo yahlulwe ngokwamacandelo amane:

• umbuzo wokuqala - siyahlukana, ebizwa sinus lwemithambo, nenoxanduva ukufumana oxygen igazi eyanika umzimba;
• umbuzo yesibini iqulathe intendelezo kunye kwezivalo;
• ingxenye yesithathu ebizwa ventricle;
• ingxenye yesine kwecone aortic kunye kwezivalo eziliqela, nto leyo iimpompo igazi kungena aorta peritoneal.

Xa igazi ushiye intliziyo, ihamba phezu iigilizi, nto leyo Igcwele oksijini aqukuqela kungena aorta spinal, apho ezisasazwa kuzo zonke izihlunu zomzimba.

Higher-order iintlanzi onke amacandelo hayi akhiwe kumgca enye, kodwa imilo leta S, apho ziqwempu zimbini zokugqibela phezu ezimbini zokuqala. Loo isakhiwo ezendeleyo intlala kunye Crossopterygii iintlanzi. abameli nokudleka kwahluka infundibulum tyhafi, nto leyo ngokuqhelekileyo uchazwa njengenxalenye aorta, kwaye ingabi izihlunu zentliziyo.

Inkcazelo of Fish intliziyo

Xa kuthelekiswa inesifo ezinomqolo iintlanzi intliziyo encinane kalujaca. ubunzima bayo kuyahluka 0.3 ukuya 2.5% kobunzima bomzimba. Ngenxa ababuthathaka kuncitshiswe uxinzelelo kwi iimpahla nako buthathaka. Ngenxa iimpawu ezinjalo iintlanzi ziyakwazi ukumelana nobusika ngqwabalala kunye icing. Ngeli xesha, intliziyo intlanzi uyeka ukukhala, kwaye xa defrosting nokuncitshiswa entsha, yaye igazi iqala ukuba lijikeleze umzimba, bezise iintlanzi kulala.

Lo msebenzi inkqubo yokujikeleza ngenxa yokuba zeentlanzi yokuphila oxwesileyo uphile emanzini, ngoko akukho mfuneko yokuba anyuse umthombo wegazi kunye kumlo womxhuzulane.

Iimpawu hematopoiesis kwiintlanzi

Emzimbeni, iintlanzi ziyakwazi ukuvelisa iiseli igazi yimibutho eyahlukeneyo:

• iigilizi;
• i isifo isisu;
• iimpahla epithelium kunye intliziyo;
• wezintso kwaye spleen;
• semithambo yegazi;
• amalungu lymphoid, ancedisana kroveobrazuyuschimi kwasekwa phantsi kwekhwapha lo cranium.

igazi Fish iqulethe iiseli ezibomvu kunye nucleus elisembindini. Namhlanje ezaziwayo zimelwe amaqela igazi 14.

Ngubani na intliziyo zawo ezimbini-

Ngenxa lenguqu ukuya iintlobo zezilwanyana eziphila kunye nokusekwa emiphungeni zabo, izihlunu kunye neempahla ngentliziyo yokutshintsha. umbutho elukhuni izilwanyana kunye intliziyo egumbini-mabini similise abathathu kunye esinamavili. Yakha yesibini ejikeleza, kwaye izihlunu intliziyo ukumpompa yaba kuphela lwemithambo kodwa igazi wegazi.

Njengokuba ubungqina bokuba izilwanyana baye baqala ubomi ngaphandle emanzini, izazinzulu akhokele amanqanaba nokukotshwa eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini, Imibungu kuzo intliziyo-zawo ezimbini, yaye inkqubo yabo yokujikeleza iyafana ngayo iintlanzi.

Xa abadala, uqala intliziyo-zawo ezintathu, nto leyo limelwe imithambo emibini kunye ventricles. Eziphila ngayo izilwanyana zokuqala apho kwakukho ejikeleza yesibini.

Mpilo igazi evela imiphunga kunye nesikhumba oluhlala kwi intendelezo lasekhohlo kwaye ezahlulwe sisithuba isahlulelo ukuxubana lwemithambo, Asikokungena intendelezo ekunene.

Ukuphendula umbuzo malunga izilwanyana-zawo ezimbini intliziyo, sinako ngokukhuselekileyo sithi ukuba abadala umzimba onjalo igcinwe kuphela iintlanzi eziphila - kwinqanaba mibungu.