Inyaniso neekhrayitheriya yalo mbono ulwazi

Undoqo kwithiyori ulwazi bekusoloko ingxaki inyaniso kunye nemigaqo yayo. Zonke izikolo zefilosofi kunye neendlela baye bazama ukuqulunqa ukuqonda kwabo le miba. Aristotle lo nzulu ngezinto liphezulu abathi banika ihlabathi indlela nokuzimisela ukuba uye waba Classic: inyaniso - kukuba ngoncedo siyayiqonda apho ingaba isimo kanye ulwazi lwethu yezinto. Sinokuthi le nkcazelo uyazanelisa zonke zobulumko, ade ayichase iinkampu - kunye ezikhona kunye dialectics, kunye materialists emihle. bempilo yakhe eyaziwa kakhulu inxaxheba obunzulu, ukususela Fomy Akvinata ukuya Karla Marksa. Umahluko kuphela kukuba baziva ubunyani, yaye yintoni na indlela kakuhle ukunyaniseka ezaziwayo.

Inyaniso neekhrayitheriya yayo ngengqiqo zemveli zihlalutywe ngokususela kumacandelo zilandelayo. Okokuqala, ukuthembeka okuhambelana ulwazi ekunene, wabona injongo ekhoyo ngokuzimeleyo lokuqonda wethu, kunye nohlobo knowable ibonwa ngalo isenzeko. Okwesibini, inyaniso ngenxa yolwazi ezinxulumene nemisebenzi yabantu, kunye nendlela yayo, nendlela sakwazi ukuqonda kakuhle ukufunda isenzeko, kungekudala emva koko, oko kwenzeka xa befundisa. Ukusuka lo mbono, kufuneka ke zibonise ngokwaneleyo ukwaziwa into luhlobo apho ikhona ngokuzimeleyo sifundo. Kodwa lo uxhulumaniso kuphela logic ezikhoyo, nangenxa iinqobo emveli nolwazi lisebenza isiqinisekiso esisengqiqweni.

Kwelinye icala, nokuba kant wabeka phambili ingcamango yokuba inyaniso neekhrayitheriya azinakho kuchongwa kuphuhliso inzululwazi yeengcingane, njengoko le kwenzululwazi akanako ukunika ulwazi ngokupheleleyo nokuba zezaluphi na uhlobo ingqondo yomntu limited. Ngaphezu koko, Kant wayekholelwa ukuba umntu uhlala ngo imihlaba ezimbini ngaxeshanye - zendalo nenkcubeko. indalo ogcina imithetho kudaleka kunye nemfuneko, kuba ingqondo yeengcingane knowable, kodwa ingqondo akanawo amandla ukwazi kakuhle izinto, yaye ihamba kuphela ukusuka kwinkqubo enye ukuya kwenye impazamo. A ihlabathi inkcubeko lihlabathi inkululeko, knowable ngenxa asebenzisekayo, oko kukuthi, lo myolelo, leyo ngokuxhomekeke kwimithetho yokuziphatha, yaye akukho umkhumbula, kwaye isebenza phantse nakanjani. Ngoko ke, isibaluli for kant iba imfuneko yokuziphatha.

Ingxaki i header inyaniso ayikho yayintsha ukuqonda mihla, kodwa ezichaphazela yayo. Ngokwembono eziphathekayo kunye positivism loo njengenqobo inokuchazwa ngokusebenzisa ingqiqo zonxibelelwano ngengqiqo ezifana njenge njongo, le ngqo ngokupheleleyo, isalamane, ayinyaniso. Ingcamango iinxa zonke izicelo okuqulethwe ulwazi lwabantu ezikhona, oko kuthetha ukuba sithetha kokuzimela umxholo zombini umntu kunye noluntu. Kulo mba, nayiphi na inyaniso njongo ingabizwa ngokupheleleyo, kodwa kuphela kumlinganiselo othile. Nokusebenzisa uphuhliso lolwazi kukhokelela ukutshintsha nokwandisa okuqulethwe izimvo zethu malunga ihlabathi, nangenxa inyaniso injongo kukuba zombini isalamane. Igama elithi "Okukodwa" ikuvumela ukuba uchaze imida ngokugqibeleleyo isalamane, kwaye kwingongoma nganye ukuchaneka kububulumko.

Esinokubangela ukuba uthi inyaniso neekhrayitheriya balo baba icandelo elo emida ngokubanzi zobulumko ixesha lethu ibe abaxhasi postpositivists uKarl Popper kanye umsunguli hermeneutics bulumko ka Hans Georg Gadamer. Popper wafumana uninzi ingqiqo bulumko, yokuziphatha, ubuhle nezakwalizwi - iindidi ngokweemvakalelo, ukuzithethelela ideology ethile. Ngoko ke, lo isixhobo engundoqo analysis ingqalelo a rationalism odidi mihla, esebenzisa leyo intanda nga kuqhuba "umgca kwemida" phakathi inzululwazi kunye mbumbulu, inyaniso kunye impazamo. Eneneni, akukho oluchanekileyo kakhulu iithiyori zenzululwazi kunye nantoni na awayefike sele kufuneka semeko, okwenyaniso ukuba inqanaba labo kwisayensi, kodwa abo kuphela xa phantsi ekuthabatheni inxaxheba ebaluleke kakhulu (ukuguqula). Ngoko ke, ukususela kwinqanaba ngenxa isibaluli Popper ukuze kokwahlulwa inzululwazi ezikhona ke kubalulekile umgaqo ukuguqula.

Inyaniso neekhrayitheriya alo mxholo yomsebenzi block of Hans-Georga Gadamera "Inyaniso Indlela". Asinto sobulumko ibonisa ukuzalana kwezi ndidi zimbini, nokungasebenzisani yabo epheleleyo. indlela Scientific lolwazi, eyaziwa njenge ndlela akukho jikelele okanye enye kuphela. lophuhliso lwenzululwazi kwakunye nemiqathango zehlabathi awusebenzi naluphi na ulwimi, okanye ubuhle, okanye amabali, oko linciphise kuphela kwaye kuphungula amava inyaniso ayifumaneki kwi isifundo, ngokusebenzisa nokuqonda. Le yokugqibela ifumaneka kuphela xa i "kolundi yokuqonda" lombhali kunye netoliki lwendibanisela yamaqabane, iifyuzi, yaye ingxoxo kwenzeka phakathi kwabo. Ubukho incoko enjalo kunye Khangela ulwimi phakathi ezahlukeneyo ngokwenkcubeko inyaniso yokuhlola kwingqiqo yabantu.