Ulwaphulo lwe-Photodynamic kwi-oncology: iingenelo kunye nokungonakali

Izifo ze-oncological zikwinye yeendawo zokuqala ngokubhekisela kokufa phakathi kwabantu. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, inani lamathumba omhlaza sele landa ngokukhawuleza, ezifunyaniswa kwizigulane. Ngelishwa, abanalo nayiphi na imingcipheko yobudala - esi sifo sichaphazela abantu abadala, ngoko awanalo abantwana.

Ngethuba lethu, iindlela ezininzi zokufumana unyango lomhlaza zisetyenzisiweyo, unyango kulo mbandela uphambili phambili. Enye yezo ndlela yonyango lwe-photodynamic kwi-oncology. Siza kuqhelana nale ndlela encinane kwinqaku lethu.

Ingcamango yonyango lwephotodynamic

Le ndlela yokonyango inegama elifingqiweyo ye-PDT, kwaye isitshixo sayo isilisela ekusebenziseni ukukhanya kunye namaqela athile eziyobisi ezibizwa ngokuthi iifenensitizers. Ngaphantsi kwefuthe lokukhanya, isilwanyana esilulele kwisiqhumane somhlaza siqala ukuphazamisa iiseli zayo.

Ngokuxhomekeka kwendawo yokuhlala ye-neoplasm, isicatshulwa singenelwa kwigazi okanye sisetyenziswe kwesikhumba. Emva kwexesha elincinci, lixutywa ngamathishu, kwaye i-ray yokukhanya ijoliswe kule candelo.

Makhe sihlolisise ukuba i-biophysics yakhe iquke. Ulwaphulo lwe-Photodynamic kwi-oncology emva kokubethelwa ngumgqomo wokukhanya luyancitshiswa ekusebenzisaneni kwamakhemikhali kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwe-oxygen, ngenxa yoko, iiseli zomhlaza ziyafa. Ngale nyango, kufuneka ususe imida eminci yegazi ukucima ukuvuvukala kokutya.

Izigaba ze-FD unyango

Ulwaphulo lwe-Photodynamic kwi-oncology lubandakanya izigaba eziliqela:

1. Ukuqaliswa kwesisombululo esisishukumisayo ngokukhawuleza.
2. Ukuhlanganiswa kwesilwanyana kwiishucu ezichaphazelekayo ngesifo somhlaza. Ukunikezelwa kweentlobo kunye neziyobisi, ngeli nqanaba ngamanye amaxesha zihlala iintsuku eziliqela. Kulo xesha, iingcali zixilonga i-tumor, ngokusekelwe kwinqanaba lokugxininiswa kwe-sensitizer.
3. Isigaba sokurhoxiswa kwe-tumor kunye nemisipha ye-laser. Ukuba isifo somhlaza sisisiseko kakhulu, ii-tubes ze-LED zisetyenziselwa ukuhambisa imibala . Ngaphantsi kwefuthe le-laser iqalisa ukuphendula ngendlela enobuthi, ngenxa yokokuba iiseli zomhlaza zifa, ngelixa izicubu ezinempilo ezikufutshane azichaphazelekayo.
4. Isigaba sokutshatyalaliswa kwesisu somhlaza kunye nokubuyiswa kwezicubu eziye zatshintshwa. Ixesha lililo malunga nenyanga.

Indlela yokwelapha i-photodynamic isetyenziswa kwi-oncology

Olu hlobo lonyango lunceda kakhulu ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi bezigulane. I-PDT ayinayo imiphumo emibi emide, kodwa ayisebenzisi ngokubanzi kuwo onke amazwe.

Ulwaphulo lwe-Photodynamic kwi-oncology eMoscow lusetyenziswe ukususela ngo-1998. Ngoku, kukho i-ofisi ezi-5 kwi-capital, apho le nkqubo iqhutyelwa khona. Kakade malunga nezigidi ezi-2 ezigulane zanikwa unyango ngale ndlela.

Kwi-Incological Clinical Dispensary No. 1 exhumana ne-PDT yaqulunqwa kwaye isetyenziswe. I-Laser irradiation, eyenziwa ngale ndlela, yenza ukuba kunokwenzeka ukwandisa ubunzulu bokungena kwemitha ukuya kwi-2 cm.

Iinzuzo zale ndlela yokonyango

I-PDT yindlela entsha yokulwa nomhlaza kunye nobunzima bokuqulunqa. Okwangoku, kwiinqanaba zokuqala ze-oncology, uzama ukusebenzisa, ekubeni unyango lwe-photodynamic kwizibonelelo ze-oncology lukhulu:

• Kunokwenzeka ukuba isebenze kuphela kumaseli omhlaza.
• Izigulane zibekezela ngokulula inkqubo kwinkqubo.
• Ulwaphulo luba nefuthe kwizitho kunye nezicubu ezichaphazelekayo ngesifo somhlaza.
• Ngomdlavuza wesikhumba, inkqubo inika umphumo ophumelelayo we-100%.

• Nge-oncology yomlomo wesibeleko, le ndlela iphumelele kakhulu, njengoko ivumela ukuba kugcinwe inkqubo yokuzala yowesifazane.
• Unyango lunokwenziwa kwimeko yokugula.
• Ukuba kuyimfuneko, unokufaka isicelo kwakhona.
• Akunakho iiconsic system.
• Ukusebenzisa le ndlela, kunokwenzeka ukususa izicubu kwiindawo ezinzima ukufikelela kuzo.
• Ngethuba le nkqubo, isiguli siyazi.
• Le ndlela ayibuhlungu ngokupheleleyo.
• Ulwaphulo lwe-Photodynamic kwi-oncology lungasetyenziswa njengeendlela ezizimeleyo zonyango kwaye njengenxalenye yonyango oluyinkimbinkimbi.

Le ndlela inefuthe elichaphazelayo kumaseli omhlaza, kunye ne-virucidal (inokutshabalalisa igciwane lesifo se-papilloma), i-fungicidal, i-bactericidal kunye ne-immunomodulating. Ukuba nenani elikhulu leenzuzo lenza lithandwa.

Iingxaki zendlela

Ukongeza kwizinto ezininzi ezintle, le ndlela inokungaphumeleli kwayo:

• Ulwaphulo luphela ekufikeleleni kokukhanya. Okokuthi, inxalenye elele ngqo phantsi kwesikhumba iyazisa unyango. Ngenxa yoko, akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa indlela yokurhoxisa amangqamuzana omhlaza esasazeka malunga nawo onke amalungu kunye nezicubu.
• Emva kwezithombe ze-photoensitizers, uvelwano ekukhanyeni luqhubeka ixesha elithile.

Kodwa ukusuka ngasentla kungabonakala ukuba ukungabi naluphiko lwe-photodynamic kwi-oncology aluncedo.

Imiqondiso yokusetyenziswa kwendlela

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-PDT isetyenziswanga nje ukulahla izicubu zomhlaza, kodwa kunye nokunyanga kwe-psoriasis, i-vitiligo, i-lupus kunye nezinye izifo zesikhumba. Ulwaphulo lwePhotodynamic lisetyenziselwa ukurhoxisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza kunye nonyango lweemeko ezinqabileyo. Kusebenza kwizifo zamehlo kunye neengxaki ze-dermatological.

Ukongezelela, indlela echazwe iyakhathaza amanxeba angaphilisi kunye nezilonda ze-trophic.

Ngubani ongaboni inkqubo ye-PDT

Ulwaphulo lwe-Photodynamic kwi-oncology lucacisa, kodwa luyinto engabalulekanga. Ayenziwa:

• Ukuba kukho iinjongo kunye neentsholongwane zesibindi;
• Kwinqanaba lokunciphisa isifo se-cardiovascular system;
• Ngobubele obuninzi kwiziyobisi;
• Ngezifo zegazi.

Le ndlela iphikisana kokubili ngexesha lokuthathwa komntwana, kunye nexesha lokuncelisa.

Ulwaphulo lwe-Photodynamic kwi-oncology kufuneka lisetyenziswe kuphela emva kokubonisana nodokotela ukuze zonke iinkcazo ezikhoyo zifumaneke.

Iziyobisi ezisetyenziselwa unyango

Kule ndlela yokonyango, i-oncologists isebenzisa iziyobisi ezinokuhlulwa ngamaqela amabini:

1. Iziqinisekiso zokuqala zesizukulwana, kunye ne-porphyrins.
2. Abafaki bee-photosensitizers kwisizukulwana sesibini.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni iqela, le nkunkuma inemfuno ezizodwa:

• Ingaba ipropati yokugxila kumanani amaninzi kumathumba omhlaza kwaye ayangena emathisini aphilileyo;
• Emva kokuba inkqubo ikhutshwe ngokukhawuleza emzimbeni kwaye inobuthi obuyingozi;
• Akuzihlanganisi kwesikhumba;
• Unokumelana nokugcinwa kunye nokusungulwa kwigazi;
• Iimpawu ezikhanyayo.

Ukuphononongwa kwamalungiselelo e-PDT

Indlela yokusebenzisa i-photodynamic therapy kwi-oncology isetyenziswa ngokusetyenziswa kwesichengiso "Photofrin". Isebenze usebenzisa umbala obomvu. Yaye bayayisebenzisa kulo unyango kwiimeko ezilandelayo:

• Unomhlaza we-larynx. Emva kwenkqubo, isigulane sivakalelwa bhetele, ngakumbi xa sisisebenzisa isigqirha, xa i-tumor ifinyelela kwisayizi esicatshulwa i-larynx, kwaye unyango lwe-laser alukwazi ukujamelana nayo.
• I-Esophagus yaseBerret. Isilwanyana sisetyenziswe njengenkqubo yokukhusela ukukhusela ukuphuhliswa kwe-oncology.
• Umhlaza womlenze.

Aminolivulinic acid isetyenziswe kwimeko yokubonakala kwe-senile keratosis. Isetyenziswe ngqo kwesikhumba kwaye isebenze ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ingasetyenziselwa kuphela ubuso kunye nentloko.

Kukho ezinye iziyobisi, kodwa zisetyenziswe kangangoko.

Inkqubo yokonyango ngoncedo luka "Fotofrina"

Esi sichaza sinolawulo siyalawulwa nge-intravenously. Ukungena ngaphakathi ngaphakathi, kuqala ukuba kungabandakanyi nje kuphela ngamaseli omhlaza, kodwa kunempilo emzimbeni wonke. Iiseli ezinempilo ezingapheliyo kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ziya kucinywa ngokupheleleyo, kwaye kusetyenziswe iiseli zomhlaza.

Kodwa ukuba ungenzi nto ihamba phambili, akukho nto iya kwenzeka kwi-tumor. Impendulo iqala kuphela xa kukho umphumo wokukhanya, ngeqondo elithile, kwiiseli.

Ukuba inkqubo ifunekayo ukuphilisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu, i-bronchoscope isetyenziselwa ukufumana uninzi lwangaphandle kwezicubu ezichaphazelekayo. Oogqirha be-PDT basebenzisa i-laser enegunya eliphantsi, ngoko akukho ukutshiswa kwezicubu ezingasongelwa.

Ubude benkqubo buxhomekeke kubukhulu besisu kunye nendawo yaso (ngokuqhelekileyo ukususela kwimitha emi-5 ukuya kwi-45). Iiseli ezifile kunye nezicubu zanyamalala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Emva kokuqinisekisa, ukuba kuyimfuneko, phinda inkqubo.

Kufuneka ukhunjulwe ukuba unyango ngokusetyenziswa kwe "Fotofrina" akuvumelekanga kubo bonke, kuyachithwa, ukuba kukho:

• I-Fistula phakathi kwesisu kunye ne-bronchi;
• Isisu esinomdla esasasazeka ngeemitha ezinkulu zegazi;
• Isilonda sesisu okanye iimvini ezandisiweyo;
• Ukuguqulwa kwamanzi kwiyeza.

Yonke imibuzo ixoxwa ngayo nodokotela phambi kwenkqubo.

Iziphumo eziphambili zePDT

Umphumo oqhelekileyo wecala lwenkqubo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe "Photofrin" kwandisiwe ukubonakalisa i-photosensitivity. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho ukuvuvukala kwindawo yonyango kunye nokunyamezela.

Emva kokuba isiza singene emzimbeni, siqokelela kwiiseli kunye nakumathambo kwaye emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa, ngamanye amaxesha neveki, emva kokuba inkqubo inokuhlala kwiiseli. Kulo lonke ixesha isigulane amehlo kunye nesikhumba zivelele ngokwaneleyo ukukhanya. Ukusuka ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo, iindawo ezingakhuselekanga ziqala ukuvuvukala kunye ne-blister ngemizuzu embalwa nje.

Olu bubele lunokuhlala ixesha leenyanga, zonke kuxhomekeka kwiimpawu zomzimba. Kuyimfuneko yonke le nto ukuphepha ukukhanya kwelanga, kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuhlala egumbini elimnyama. Ukukhanya kwemini kusiza ukutshabalalisa inkunkuma kwiiseli kwaye kunceda ukubuyisela.

Kancinci uvelwano luya kuncipha, kwaye ungakujonga, kodwa kungekudala kwinyanga enye emva kwe-PDT.

Kwindima yeminye imiphumo ingaba ukuvuvukala kwindawo yonyango. Ukuba inkqubo yaqhutyelwa emqaleni, ngokokuqala kuya kuba neengxaki ngokugwinya, kwaye emva kokusetyenziswa kweemiphunga - ngokuphefumla. Ukuba ufumanisa le mpawu, kufuneka uqale ubize ugqirha wakho. Ezinye iziphumo ezichaphazelekayo ziquka ezi zilandelayo:

• Isisindo, ukuhlanza, intloko, i-hiccups-ukuba i-PDT yenziwa kwi-oopopus;
• Ukuphefumula, ukuphuhliswa kwe-bronchitis okanye i-pneumonia - ingaba emva kokunyanga kwemiphunga.

Zonke iimbonakalo ezinjalo mazixelelwe ngugqirha.

Iingcebiso emva kokunyanga

Unokuphepha iziphumo ezimbi emva kokunyanga, ukuba uyazi ukuyilungisa kwaye uziphathe ngokuchanekileyo emva kwenkqubo. Ngenxa yoko, ezi ngcebiso zilandelayo maziqwalaselwe:

1. Ukuya esibhedlele ukuze unyango lwe-photodynamic, kuyimfuneko ukuvala zonke iifestile kunye namakhethini ekhayeni, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba izibane zikhuselwe izibane okanye ezinye iindlela.
2. Thatha nawe kwisibhedlele njengezibuko zelanga, i-headgear (ngokukhethekileyo isigqoko esinemida ephakamileyo) ukukhusela ubuso. Izambatho kufuneka zibe nomkhono omude, kwaye emilenzeni - ibhulukhwe kunye neesokisi (kule meko, ithemba le-sunscreen lincinci).
3. Emva kwenkqubo yeentsuku ezingama-30, kucetyiswa ukuba ungabi kwisitrato ngeeyure zomini, kwaye xa ushiya, kubalulekile ukukhusela ulusu nakwiimozulu zezulu.
4. Zonke iimeko eziphuthumayo kunye eziphuthumayo kufuneka zihanjiswe kusihlwa.
5. Ukufunda ekhaya kufuneka kukhuselwe ekukhanyeni okuthe ngqo ukusuka kwisibane.
6. Emva kokuhlamba intloko, ungayisebenzisi isomisi ukuze uyomise - umoya oshisayo ungasebenzisa inkunkuma eseleyo kwiiseli kwaye iqhubise ubomvu nokutshisa.

Ukuba ulandele zonke ezi ngcebiso, utyando lwe-photodynamic kwi-oncology luza kubonisa ukusebenza kakuhle, kwaye isigulane siya kuneliswa yiphumo.

Ukuphonononga malunga nenkqubo

Naliphi na indlela yokwelapha ayikwazi ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo ngonyango lwazo zonke izigulane. Kodwa unyango lwe-photodynamic kwi-oncology uvavanyo luhle kakhulu. Izigulane ziqaphele ukuba emva kokuba inkqubo yabo iphuculwe ngokuphawulekayo, oku kunjalo ngokukodwa kwiimvumi zomhlaza kwesikhumba, ezinye izifo zesikhumba. Emva kwe-PDT, akukho zicatshulwa ezishiyekileyo, ulusu luba luhlambulukile.

Izigulane zibika ukungabikho kobuhlungu bonyango, inani elincinci lemiphumo. Kodwa ku funeka kuqatshelwe ukuba phantse zonke izigulane zixoxa ngokunyuka kwe-photosensitive emva kwenkqubo. Kufuneka uphephe ukukhanya okukhanyayo kwaye ukhusele amehlo akho nesikhumba ukuba ungathinti.

Ulwaphulo lwe-Photodynamic ekuhlolisweni kwe-oncology alubi kuphela kulabo abangazange balandele iingcebiso zegqirha kwaye abazange banike ingxelo kwizifo ezithintekayo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngomhlaza we-larynx okanye imiphunga, unyango luyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye emva koko kukho iingxaki ngokugwinya nokuphefumla, kodwa ezi zinto zizenzeke ngexeshana.

Emva kokonyango, phantse zonke izigulane ziyaneliswa yiphumo, ingakumbi ukuba inkqubo yenziwa yinkwenkwezi ephakamileyo. Ngoko, unyango lwe-photodynamic kwi-oncology eNovosibirsk lufundwa nguprofesa ophawulekayo uSergey Danilovich Nikonov. Wenza i-PDT yengqondo, kunye nendlela yokwenza unyango lwe-pleurisy ye-carcinomatous, ngeli thuba wapapasha iimpapasho ezininzi kunye namaphepha enzululwazi.

Kwezinye iidolophu, kukho iikliniki ezizodwa ekuphatheni umdlavuza ngendlela echazwe. Ulwaphulo lwe-Photodynamic kwi-oncology e-Krasnodar lufumaneka kwi-kliniki ye-incological dispensary № 1. Eliziko lezonyango lixhotyiswe ngeteknoloji yakutshanje, ngoko ke izigulane kwimpumelelo yonyango azinakuzaza.

Ngethamsanqa, ngexesha langoku eso sifo esibi kakhulu njengomhlaza asisigwebo. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuyityhila kwinqanaba xa liyakwazi ukujamelana ngempumelelo. Kwaye oku, into nje ukunyamekela ngempilo yakho kwaye rhoqo uhlolwe unyango. Zikhathalele kwaye uphile!