ULwimi kunye noluntu - kutheni obu budlelwane ibaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso lwabantu

Loo isiyalo umdla njengoko sociolinguistics, kutshanje waqalisa ukuba ngokuzimisela. Yena ke wadibana namanye amasebe philology. Kuba ephatha Umzekelo, ulwimi kunye noluntu Ezolimi kwizinto ezininzi owayamileyo: psycholinguistics kunye ethnolinguistics. Sociolinguistics igxininisa correlations phakathi kuthetha abantu kunye noluntu.

Yintoni, ke, mhlawumbi phakathi nayiphi na kwezi nkalo iyaqwalaselwa buhlobo? Nerazyvno ulwimi kunye noluntu zinxulumana. Sisoloko sithetha intetho kunye noluntu xa lixhomekeke kwelinye, kodwa enyanisweni ngayo isimo sengqondo impembelelo. Society kucacile khona ngaphandle kolwimi, njengoko oko kungqinwa, umzekelo, abemi imbovane, iinyosi, iinkawu. Noko ke, akuzange waphawula isenzeko umva. Ulwimi kunye noluntu ngenxa omnye komnye: kucacile ukuba lowo wokuqala awukwazi ukubakhona ngaphandle yokugqibela. Kwaye ke imvelaphi zentetho kunye nokwahluka ulwimi, kukho iindidi beengcamango, uninzi lwazo aluzange ukuma siqinile ixesha abafumana ubungqina yenzululwazi. Ezi theory yonqulo okanye ngobhalo mezhdometnyh. Ezinye iinkalo ezibalulekileyo izifundo iingxaki "ulwimi kunye noluntu" na ezithile ngokwezinga zentetho, umgaqo-nkqubo weelwimi, bilingualism, ekusebenzeni zoluntu iilwimi ezininzi, ukuguqulwa ulwimi.

Ngokomzekelo, esebenza izangotshe zokuthetha. Ukukhethwa ngendlela ethile uvakalisa iingcinga kunye neemvakalelo ezibangelwa imo yentlalo imeko unxibelelwano lwabo. Ethetha kumagosa, ecela kwiziko, sinyanzelekile ukuba usebenzise isimbo-zoshishino ezisemthethweni kuyo yonke imizekelo yoyilo objectified kunokwenzeka kwaye depersonalized, nto leyo akuvumelekanga isigama oluchukumisayo colloquialisms. Ukuba sizama ukuba ndibhenele intloko isimbo enye, apho ukubhala, yithini, imiyalezo intombi, ewe, okanye nje "kuni", akubonakali imisebenzi yethu iya kuqhubeka ukuphuhlisa phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe.
Ukuba ubhala isicelo, uxwebhu lwezikhalazo, isatifiketi okanye isishwankathelo kwivesi, kwimeko engcono, yintlekisa kuthi, yaye uxwebhu saliwe kwaye aziyi kuqwalaselwa, ngenxa yokuba "ngoko ngokubhala zingamkelwa." Ngenxa yoko, imeko unxibelelwano ebangela ukukhethwa ezithile izibonelelo lweelwimi. Ukongeza, ulwimi kunye noluntu kufuneka correlations ezithile kunye nemihlaba zobungcali, kunye yobuhlanga, yaye indawo. Ukuba sociolect (ukuba umzekelo, kwiintetho amabanjwa okanye badwelisi benkqubo argot) ingqalelo kuqala zonke isigama a esithile zentlalo okanye umsebenzi iqela labantu, izifundo dialectology umbuzo ukusuka kwindawo umbono zizithintelo indawo.

Ngolwimi Russian kukho emantla, iziyelelane esemazantsi, kanti le Urals. Kwezinye iilwimi, kukho kwakhona ezinye izihlomelo, maxa wambi eyahlukileyo kakhulu ukusuka 'ulwimi boncwadi ". Ethnolinguistics Ngokubhekisele ulwimi kunye noluntu ngokwemiqathango zeyantlukwano uhlanga. Yiyo le indawo Ezolimi sijongana iingxaki "jikelele" kwaye conjugated kunye nemibuzo yakhe. Umzekelo, umsebenzi "pidgins" okanye nezihlomelo isiCreole evela ukwetyisa ezinkulu iintlanga ulwimi belinye iqela kwi "lula" kunye uhlobo lothando.

Kwakhona libhekisela ethnolinguistics iingxaki kunye nendima edlalwa lulwimi kwintlalo, nto leyo luphawulwa ukungafani wesizwe. Xa kwixesha Ukuxutywa ngakumbi okunzulu kwamaqela eentlanga indalo esebenzayo ngakumbi kwemitshato inter-yobuhlanga kunye neentsapho kuza kucaca, kwaye ingxaki lokusebenzisa iilwimi ezimbini. amazwe aseYurophu ezama kumgangatho karhulumente ukuba ukuxhasa iyantlukwano yeelwimi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuba ukukhuthaza ezinqabileyo kunye neelwimi ezisengozini. Umzekelo, ePoland, singakwazi ukufunda uthabathe uviwo njengoko matriculation Kashubian ulwimi, oko ipapashe iincwadi kunye aveliswa ngamaxesha athile. E eJamani, ukuxhasa ukufunda Upper Sorbian ulwimi eSpeyin - Catalan.

Ngokusesikweni, umgaqo-nkqubo weelwimi lithi kunye nemibutho zazo (umz: i-European Union) kufuneka lusekelwe izazi data njongo ejongene neengxaki "ulwimi kunye noluntu", oko xa kunokuba nengakhethi yedemokhrasi. Imizekelo yokubhuqwa ubuzwe, imbali ezenkcubeko enezinto. Le nokubekwa ngokucinezela ulwimi Russian, umzekelo, ePoland ngexesha czarist, kwaye waseJamani - ngexesha Second World War. Nasiphi na ukuvalwa ukusetyenziswa kolwimi lwenkobe lo koqhankqalazo siqine labemi, nto leyo ekugqibeleni kukhokelela kuphazamiseka zentlalo, neemvukelo, ukubhukuqa urhulumente. Ngelo xesha linye uphuhliso simahla inkcubeko yesizwe, nto leyo eduze ngolwimi, womeleza intando kunye nozinzo.