Umandlalo aphumle yonke imithetho. Iimpawu zemithi standard zonyango

Diseases kufika singalindelanga kwaye nzima kakhulu ubomi babantu. Kodwa ayikwazi ziphathwe kuphela ngamayeza. Amaxesha amaninzi, ukuze ukuba unyango ukuba negalelo ekubuyiselweni ngokupheleleyo emzimbeni, kufuneka alale.

Ingcamango jikelele umda umzimba

Yonke sifo ukusebenza ngamnye kwaye ahlukeneyo emzimbeni. Kodwa kukho iseti eliqhelekileyo amanyathelo kunye nemithetho ekufuneka zilandelwe xa izifo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ngokukodwa, kuba yimfuneko ukuba alale. Kuxhomekeka uxilongo, uhlobo iintsilelo mafutha ungahluka. Isigqibo malunga uxanduva lwayo kunye nobude ugqirha yamkela. Yingcali oku kusekelwe kwiimfuno zonyango kugula. Kufuneka siqonde ukuba umlinganiselo onjalo kubaluleke amayeza, kwaye ngoyaba oko kunokukhokelela ukwehla neziphumo engalindelekanga. Ngoko ke, ukuthobela alale kuyimfuneko ukuba izigulane ukuba lowo wamiselwa.

Le bona yale ndlela yokulinganisa

Kanye into enye amayeza, oku kulinganiselwa ichazwe ngokucacileyo intsingiselo kunye nokufaneleka. Okokuqala, le migomo yile:

• Ukuze othile, ukunciphisa umsebenzi intshukumo yomguli (kwezinye iimeko phantse yenze oku) ukuze kuncitshiswe imfuno iiseli mpilo, kunciphisa iimpembelelo hypoxia ze uvumele ngokwaneleyo nezimo ezivelayo.
• Le ifoto kunye karhulumente yokuphumla le ngokuqinisekileyo ukunciphisa intlungu, umzekelo emva kotyando. Oku kuya kukhokelela ekuthotyweni umthamo ntlungu.
• Nika eminye efanelekileyo umzimba uvuseleleke izifo yabantu .Ngaphezu.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba i amalungu lokuphumla kulala ukuthetha kuphela kwimeko xa isigulane uyakwazi ukususa ubuncinane kancinane. Kungenjalo, ngokuhamba kwexesha, immobilization olupheleleyo kukhokelela ezininzi iingxaki, kwaye umsebenzi abasebenzi bezonyango kukuba ukwenza oluntsonkothileyo amanyathelo ukuze siphephe iingxaki kunokwenzeka.

Types of alale

Yintoni indlela? Le ukuphunyezwa imithetho okanye iimeko ezichazwe ngokucacileyo. Ukwahlula iintlobo zayo ezahlukeneyo: korhulumente ukusela, imisebenzi yesiqhelo yemihla ngemihla, kunye nabanye. Eli nqaku lixubusha indlela esibhedlele, ngenxa apho kukho kwakhona isigulane.

Iintlobo iintsilelo dukuthamba zibandakanya ezi zinto zilandelayo:

1. alale olungqongqo. Olu hlobo ibandakanya immobilization phantse epheleleyo kwaye entsonkothileyo kakhulu ngokwemiqathango zomzimba kwengqondo. Le isigulane ngokungqongqo akuvumelekanga ukuba avuke, uhlale, kwaye maxa wambi umntu emiselweyo immobilization epheleleyo.
2. embhedeni Ordinary. Vumela umsebenzi limited ebonakalayo ngaphakathi ebhedini. Ngokubhekele phaya, xa isigulane iqala kakulu, uvunyelwe ukuba bahlale phantsi nokuba wenze umthambo zemithambo phantsi kweliso yincutshe.
3. Ward. Olu hlobo imo kuthiwa polupostelnym. Isigulane abadli ukuya kwigumbi lokuhlambela igumbi lokutyela, ukhonza ngokungaphelelanga ngokwakhe, kodwa imiqondiso yakhe ebalulekileyo ilinganiselwe kwiiwadi esibhedlele.
4. Lilonke. Ukuvunyelwa ukuba ngaphandle kwemiqathango kunye ahambisane. Isigulana ngokupheleleyo self-akufunayo.

alale okungqongqo: imisebenzi zabasebenzi bezonyango

Ekuqeshweni olu hlobo yonke indlela yomsebenzi kwisigulana ngenkonzo ilele emagxeni abasebenzi bezonyango. Olu didi kwabasebenzi unoxanduva hayi nje lokuqinisekisa iimfuno komzimba zezigulane ugula kakhulu, kodwa kwakhona inkxaso ukuze abantu bavuseleleke yakhe. Ngoko ke, ubuntununtunu kunye nokuqondana phakathi sezempilo kwaye umntu ogulayo kubaluleke kakhulu. Ixesha elide kakhulu ngokubhekiselele care isithintelo kakhulu lomsebenzi. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, uxanduva umongikazi ziquka:

• Ukondla. Ukutya kufuneka ufudumale, ube nomtsalane ukujonga bakhonza kwenye kwaye ngexesha elinye.
• isitya Feed (amanabukeni). Lo mzuzu okhethekileyo. Ebomini, kukho iimeko olusondeleyo apho umntu umhlalaphantsi. Njengoko ukuba isigulana akanako ngokuzimeleyo ukwenza imfuneko komzimba, kwaye kufuneka ucele uncedo sabasemzini, nto idla ngokubangela intlungu kumguli. Kufuneka iqondwe nokubonelela umntu kwipharamedikhi, ubuncinane leskrini eyahlula evela kwabanye.
• amanyathelo yococeko. Ukuba ke kubaluleke ngokukodwa ukuphumla engqongqo ebhedini. Kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa amanabukeni yomguli kunye usula, umhlangule neemvakalelo kunaye. Kodwa ke unyango ezibayeni inguinal nobuni emva kokuba isenzo ngasinye defecation okanye ukuchama kufuneka aqhutywe.
• Tshintsha yelinen ebhedini.
• Ushenxiso lwesixa ukuba gurney.
• Iinkqubo zonyango eziyimfuneko: ngokumisela kunyuka tube, enemas kunye nangaphezulu.

Anti-bedsore

Ukongeza, ukuba kukho alale elide, abasebenzi bezempilo kufuneka balandele ukuyilwa izilonda uxinzelelo kunokwenzeka kwaye ngexesha lingafuni. Ukunqanda imbonakalo aphazamiseke kunye izilonda apha eluswini, kufuneka ziphathwe rhoqo kwiindawo abasemngciphekweni (scapula, le sacrum) babuye isigulane ngamathuba athile. Kufuneka kwakhona ukuqinisekisa ukuba ilineni zomqhaphu kwaye ngaphandle amalungu engqongqo, yaye nesilili nabangazange baye kwiimvuthuluka aseleyo kulo sasemini. Kuba indoda ayikho ayikho akwazuza.

Ke ezinye iintsilelo iimoto, ngononophelo lokonga olungagqibelelanga kufuneka ngexesha alale. Kokuba kuchazwe inxaxheba udade yewadi imiqathango yococeko nokondla isigulane. Ukongeza, abanikezeli beenkozo zononophelo lwempilo kufuneka ukunika uxolo nenzolo esekungcoleni ntsimi.

Ziziphi kwezifo imo motor limited?

alale empumelelo linokukwenziwa kuzo izifo ezininzi. Okokuqala, kakade, ukwenzakala, iimeko post-operative, mala kunye nezinye izifo cranial, izifo ezosulelayo, ingeniso kakhulu ukukhulelwa, zonke izigulo apho unyango lwenzeka units labagula kakhulu, kunye neeyunithi labagula kakhulu. Ngokubanzi, njengoko sele kuchaziwe, esililini imo nomonde kubalulekile ukuba inkqubo impiliso kangangoko efanayo naleyo unyango ngamachiza.

Bazamile: ikakhulu alale

Ngokuphathelele kwicandelo labagula kakhulu, isetyenziswa ukuphumla kuphela engqongqo ebhedini. Oku kucacile kuba kwiiwadi labagula kakhulu kunye nokhathalelo olungxamisekileyo abantu abazalwa phantse kabini. Abaninzi babo baye ukufa lwezonyango, nabanye abantu isiqaqa. Njengoko izigulane ekumiseni ngokupheleleyo, abongikazi ayikhathalele apha iyasebenza. Le nkcukacha-ofisi enjalo kukuba begula ngaphandle yangaphantsi kwaye kwiiwadi ngokubanzi, abazahluli ngokwesini. Ngokubhekisele yokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukufikelela ngokupheleleyo emzimbeni xa kuthe kwakho imeko xa umntu odinga ungenelelo yokusindisa ubomi. Kwakhona, abasebenzi lwezonyango kufuneka ithuba yokusingatha amanxeba iwotshi ulusu kwaye siphephe iingxaki.

okuphelele

Zalisa immobilization apha kuthatha phezu ebaluleke ngokukodwa, ukuba izigulane abo belimele, elidityaniswe ngokusisigxina IVs, catheters, pacemakers kunye nezinye izixhobo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, its isuswe isindululo nomonde akholosileyo kunokubangela ukopha, kakuhle ingqibelelo izihlunu, ukusilela yokuphefumla kwaye ibangele ukufa.

Bed ngokuniphumza kunye yokulimala

Cinga iimeko ezininzi eziqhelekileyo apho ukuthobela alale kubalulekile. izifo ezifana ziquka ukulimala kwengqondo ezothusayo, ezifana yokulimala. Kuyinto izidanga ezahlukeneyo elihlabayo, kodwa kunjalo kufuna indlela ethile (alale ngokungqongqo okanye polupostelny - isonjululwe ngugqirha).

Kwiingozi ezimasikizi, Kakade ke, kwakufuneka nokulaliswa esibhedlele. Kodwa ukuba urhulumente ivumela ukufumana indlu, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba izifo ezinjalo kufuneka sihlale kakhulu kwindawo ethe tyaba malunga ngeveki. Kwezinye iimeko, uvunyelwe ukuba ingakwazi nokuphuma ebhedini yokuthumela nokufumana ukutya. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba isigulane sidinga yophumlo olupheleleyo: ngokucacile wakhanyela ndibukele umabonwakude, umsebenzi ikhompyutha, iincwadi zokufunda, nezinto ezinjengezo, njengoko oku kunokukhokelela ukonakala ebalulekileyo.

Bed abanye ngexesha lokukhulelwa

Kukho omnye xesha ebomini bomntu, apho kufuneka alale - ukuba ukukhulelwa nzima emathunjini omhlaba. Ugqirha isigqibo ukwamkelwa kwimeko isisu ezisengozini okanye amathuba ukuxhatshazwa kuphuhliso elizayo bomntwana. Yintoni ekuya kufuneka alale kwimeko nganye, omnye ugqirha isigqibo. Kodwa kukho imeko apho umfazi okhulelweyo kuya kufuneka achithe phantse lonke ixesha kwindawo tyaba, ngaphandle ilungelo aphakame aze ahlale phantsi. Yeyona isisongelo looding ngumkhaya, zesibeleko hypertonia, okanye insufficiency wesibeleko. Kodwa kakhulu abasetyhini abakhulelweyo ezimiselweyo imo zeewadi, kunye yenguqu ngokuthe ngcembe nesinyanya kwaye ebubonisayo (sele ekhaya).
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba xa, umzekelo, bedrest eyandisiweyo elikhulelweyo uvumelekile ukuba uhlale ngaphezu kwemizuzu embalwa ngosuku. Ukuba imo zewadi elimisiweyo (bed), nesilili umfazi ufanele ube sisiqingatha imini, kwaye elo xesha lokuba babe kwindawo semi-ehleli, maxa wambi kade ihamba kumgama 200 meters. Xa imo jikelele, ungaya isantya ngenyameko ubungqina (1 km) kwaye usebenzise ngezinyuko.

Indlela yokugcina umntwana ogulayo ebhedini?

Bonke abazali bazi imeko xa umntwana lowo ngumkhuhlane, yena uzama ukubaleka kwi flat. Abaninzi, yadubadubeka, esazi ukuba achaze indlela imisi ukuba izifo ezosulelayo kufuneka unyango (bed ngakumbi). Noko ke, ekubeni ukuthobela lo meko ngexesha etsolo kuyimfuneko, abazali kufuneka ukuba uye uvukwe ezahlukeneyo ukubazolisa umntwana. Okokuqala, kufuneka siqonde umama into igcwele zokungavumelani. Oku kunokukhokelela iingxaki zentliziyo, inkqubo wokuchama, izifo nemithambo. Ngoko ke, alale ebantwaneni ezimiselwe ifiva, Kakade ke, kuphela ithuba exacerbation. Le ndlela yokulinganisa ayizi ukugcina amandla umntwana ukulwa nezifo, ukunceda ukuthintela iingxaki kunye nokufunyanwa isantya.

Kukho izifo ukuba musa ukwenza ngaphandle alale, ezifana ukwenzakala xa kokwaneleyo nitrogen kwindawo yonakele. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kunyanzeleke ukufumana ngaphandle intshukumo zange kukhokelela ayilawulwa kunye nabantwana abadala - kwaye kudakumbo, oko kuyimfuneko ukunceda umntwana ngempumelelo ngalo eli xesha. Nika izinto zokudlala abantwana, ibhodi-block imidlalo, iincwadi umdla, unako ukuvumela ukubukela TV babephila mfutshane-. Akukho ngozi iya engasoloko ukumema izalamane okanye abahlobo lowo mntwana uya kukuvuyela ukubona. Kufuneka ngokuqinisekileyo ukunceda isigulane ukutshintsha indawo ukuze uphephe wicking izihlunu kunye antsi le imilenze. Ukuba kubonelelwe alale elide, kucetyiswa ukuba zithenge izixhobo ezizodwa ezisetyenziswayo ukuze kuthintelwe bedsores. Kwimeko kwezifo ezosulelayo maxa wambi unokuthabatha indawo ehleli khona, yaye emva kwethuba etsolo kuqalisa ngokuthe sebenzisa imo uqhuba.

Imithambo yomzimba e bedrest

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba umsebenzi emzimbeni kucetyiswa nkqu ekuqeshweni yokuphumla engqongqo ebhedini. Zibandakanya iintshukumo eyimpumelelo esebenzayo ye imilenze - kwamalunga ezincinane. ukuzabalaza kakuhle ngokwalo exercises nokuphulula ukuphefumla.

Kwezinye iintlobo kwizithintelo mafutha kucetyiswa uqheliso zilandelayo:

• On alale izigaba kwakusasa kubalulekile ukuba baziqhelanise isigulane kamva ebomini, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba banikele ingqalelo kut- izakhono self-uncedo. Okokuqala, oko ukondla, ngokuthe ngcembe uqalisa ukuvelisa abasebenzi bezonyango wasinika indawo ehleli malunga nesigulane eso. La manyathelo yenzelwe ukubuyisela isigulane ukuba ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Ukongeza, ngokuthe ngcembe elidityaniswe umthambo imihla ngemihla: Iintshukumo omzimba inxaxheba kumndilili engagqithanga kwimizuzu eli-15.
• elele, ihleli ukuqeshwa kulawulo iwadi wavumela ukuba uhambe kade kumgama malunga namakhulu amabini eemitha, zingawucongi umthambo ngesantya ngcathu sikhundla.
• Kwimeko beemvavanyo imo efunekayo eqhelekileyo Zenziwe ngobunzulu avareji kangangeyure. ukuba bathi ubukhulu becala emi, ngokuthe ngcembe entsonkothileyo kakhulu, kwaye eliphosa ibhola ukukhanya. Amaninzi amaqela ezigulane abazibandakanya kunyango ngokwasemzimbeni ofisi yincutshe ngayo.

Iingxaki bedrest elide

alale elide emva kwezifo ezahlukeneyo - ivamile. Kodwa kufuneka siqonde ukuba immobilization elide kunyanzeleka ineziphumo ezibi kakhulu emzimbeni womntu. Hypodynamy ebangela ukonakala metabolic, utshintsho semithambo, ingxinano kwisiqwenga yokuphefumla, isikhumba, kwekhono kwenkqubo wokuchama (ngamanye amaxesha ulosuleleko), kunye neengxaki zengqondo. Ukongeza, kukho ubungqina bokuba umntu ngaphandle ezihambayo yonke imihla ukuba balahlekelwe 3% of mass izihlunu, nto leyo enokukhokelela epheleleyo izihlunu yoma kunye nokutha emzimbeni. Kungenxa yoko le nto emva isiqaqa elide abantu nokufunda ukuhamba kwakhona. izigulane Recumbent bayiphapheleyo, ubuncinane kufuneka ilawulwe kunye ikama uze uhlambe amazinyo zabo ngokwabo - oku kuya kunceda siphephe neziphumo ezibi yokungasebenzi.

Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba nasiphi na isithintelo imo motor athabathe umsebenzi kunokwenzeka. Xa Yosungu sokubuyisela lomntu kakhulu ngokukhawuleza.