Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo Diorite kaFaro. Khafre (Chephren) - umlawuli yesine Egypt

impucuko yamandulo Egyptian iye iminyaka emininzi kwatsala ingqalelo labaphandi, ebangela impikiswano enkulu. Ukugcinwa ezininzi iimfihlelo nenkcubeko engekasonjululwa kuveza izimanga ezininzi.

iphiramidi Ekhethekileyo yakhiwe kwi-III leminyaka BC, akumangalisi nkqu iingcali namhlanje nekhono elihle nokulungiswa emangalisayo ngelitye nje elinye. Akukho ngaphantsi imfihlelo oqingqiweyo ngezinto eziqinileyo imifanekiso engumYiputa esekhona namhlanje.

Made somfanekiso diorite yetempile kaFaro Khafre kaThixo uSbusiso of Giza osoloko oosonzululwazi abanomdla. Riddle ngayo kukuba iingcibi basekuhlaleni abazange babe naziphi na izixhobo eziya kubavumela ukuba ubekeko eweni oluhlala luhleli. Njengoko abembi bathi, ezikhumbuzo mihle yembali eYiputa Intshabalalo yaMandulo wenza usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ngaphezu izihlandlo ezininzi namhlanje.

complex nokungcwaba

Abakhenkethi abasuka kulo lonke ihlabathi beze Giza Plateau, nto leyo mzi mkhulu uzibambileyo izakhiwo yokungcwaba ngoofaro aseYiputa kunye neekumkanikazi. Yinto kakhulu umdla zonke abahambi ezintsonkothileyo, sivumele kufutshane iimfihlelo iiphiramidi kunye touch sasinempumelelo adlulileyo. Yokuyisebenzisa on nommandla wayo, abaphandi bachaza ukuba Giza ithafa - yinto site zakudala nje kuphela, kodwa zonqulo.

Ngaphezu zonke ezaziwayo Great Pyramid, kukho nengcwaba uFaro Chephren okanye Khafre enasilela kancinane ngobukhulu ukwakha ezaziwayo. It imbaxa isiko, ezakhiwe ngokomyalelo irhuluneli waseYiputa, kunye nabakhenkethi abaninzi bakugqala omnye kakhulu ezintle.

A bit of amanqaku ngembali malunga emva kokufa

E Egypt yamandulo, likaFaro aku- imbeko ngokuthelekisa ngayo noThixo. Enikwe nabalawuli ngamandla omkhulu abantu abafundileyo abantu abathatha inxaxheba kuyo yonke imicimbi ebalulekileyo lizwe. Umelo abahlali bengingqi malunga kokufa ziye zaba nempembelelo enkulu kuphuhliso kunye nokwakhiwa iiphiramidi, ezo eneneni emangcwabeni.

Qhoboshela kubaluleke kakhulu ukunqulwa ukufa ngoofaro wakha amangcwaba abo kwangethuba. AmaYiputa babekholelwa ukuba kokufa - ibikukubakho phambili ehlabathini, kwaye ke imeko siphambili kwinguqu esa kwelinye ihlabathi waba ulondolozo olusisinyanzelo iqokobhe emzimbeni womntu.

Ilungelo ukungafi

Ngoko ke akukho ngozi amaYiputa ukuze yabaqholiweyo ngenyameko isidumbu umfi kunye kunikwa nantoni kufuneka ugcwalise kwelabafileyo izinto ezahlukeneyo ezinokuba yimfuneko. Ngokutsho inkolelo sokuqala, kuphela ooFaro aba kokufa, kodwa kamva abalawuli zaseYiputa zanikwa nobuchule ukuba zinikelwe ukungafi kunye nabo babathandayo ukwazi.

Isiphelo i-Old yoBukumkani yabalasela ukuqatshelwa ilungelo lokuba wonke ubani unelungelo kokufa.

Umlawuli laseYiputa Chephren

UFaro Khafre, ogama mfanekiso na umdla eningenakukholwa yiyo, inganga i-Old yoBukumkani Dynasty IV. ezikhumbuzo encinane kakhulu elo xesha beza kuthi, ngoko iinkcukacha ezininzi ngobomi yakhe zithembekile, kwaye nkqu iminyaka yobomi isizathu ukungaqondani. Egyptologists bakholelwa ukuba Khafre urhulumente ulawula malunga neminyaka engama-25.

Namhlanje Heffron waziwa kakhulu ukwakhiwa zepiramidi yesibini ngobukhulu Giza. Imilo ke uFaro, Ngubani na unyana ka Cheops (KHUFU) kwaye iye yabanjwa amandla emva kokuba uyise wakhe nomzalwana Djedefre, ibuyiselwe eqingqiweyo kakuhle abalondolozwa engcwabeni.

enkangala engcwele

UPlato wayeyalelwe njengengcwele, yaye ke ngoko izakhiwo amangcwaba awawakhayo umntu phezu kwalo. UFaro Khafre, phambili ukucinga malunga lenguqu ukuya kokufa, wayalela ukuba ukwakha iphiramidi ecaleni kwingcwaba Cheops.

Ekuqaleni ukuphakama iphiramidi yayiziimitha 144, kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha lehla kancinane, nto leyo engazange kuchaphazela imeko yayo elungileyo. Lekalika kwaba izinto ezisisiseko zokwakha yona, noseko igcwele Nyengane pink.

Iphiramidi, nto leyo eye yaba ezingcwele

UFaro Khafre wayenqwenela ukuba igqithile iphiramidi engcwabeni ubungakanani kayise, kodwa ngexesha lokwakha kwenzeka ukuba kwakhiwe isakhiwo esikhulu akunakwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo.

Kukholelwa ukuba isakhiwo iphiramidi kunye layout yako okulala, igalari kunye zinendawo esikhethekileyo iimpahla isiko kwi crypt kwaba eziphefumlelweyo. Ngokutsho umgangatho yokuqala baqalisa ukuba kwakhiwe zonke ezinye izakhiwo nokungcwaba.

Oko kuquka isakhiwo lengcwaba?

Ekuqaleni, ecaleni ubume Khafre kwakukho isakhiwo yokungcwaba ezincinane apho ezi ntsuku akukho okuseleyo. Kungenzeka, apho wangcwatyelwa umfazi kaFaro.

itempile lengcwaba eyakhiwe ngeebhloko lenyengane enkulu, amandla yawo Akumangalisi: ubude block yayiziimitha-5, ubunzima ngamnye kubo wafikelela iitoni mane. De ngenkulungwane XVIII kwaba zikwimo eyanelisayo, ngoxa basekuhlaleni zange abatshabalalise ukwakhiwa kodonga. Ngaphakathi kuyo kukho imifanekiso ezininzi likaFaro.

Esi sakhiwo iquka udonga umqobo phakathi izibonelelo, iindlela kunye nebandla ongezantsi, apho diorite oqingqiweyo likaFaro uyaziwa. Khafre, ngubani waphupha lobume ngobukhulu, wamitha phezu compactness kobume lenkundla. Ukusebenza isakhiwo yomngcwabo, abembi bezinto zakudala baye bafumanisa ukuba xa yindawo enkulu isithuba free akukho nto kakhulu - ngaphantsi kwe 0,01 ekhulwini.

Yintoni ngaphakathi iphiramidi?

Uyilo Iphiramidi lwangaphakathi bezibandakanya iikhamera amabini kunye nezimvo. Kukho umthombo encinane kwelo gumbi, ebe inabo engagqitywanga, nenjongo yayo akaziwa. Eli gumbi lokungcwaba, iliwa ngaphakathi axholiweyo, inyengane sarcophagus engenanto kwamagxa enesiciko eyaphukileyo.

Abaphangi wemba itonela ukufumana ngaphakathi, yaye yonke into eseleyo abembi - ezinye ndalahlelwa neeperile isitya isivalo isiko, leyo ibizwa ngegama lakhe isekela likaThixo. indawo Akukho ngaphezulu ngaphakathi iphiramidi apho.

Wakhulela ngeenxa zonke kuwo necropolis benene apho umzimba waphumla onke amalungu entsapho ka Khafre.

Engcwabeni umbingeleli, nabazalwana bakhe

Kwiminyaka emithandathu edlulileyo, abembi bezinto zakudala baye bafumana kufutshane kwamangcwaba engcwabeni yombingeleli kaFaro, ngubani ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe wakhokelela izithethe Emakhazeni. Waba ukunika nokungonakali zonke izalamane, kunye nale sakhiwo kwakubonisa ukuba amaYiputa eziqhelekileyo ufumene ilungelo kokufa.

imifanekiso ezininzi kaFaro

Kwi ethafeni engcwele ezininzi abalawuli eYiputa kunye nezalamane zabo kungcwatywa, kodwa abanye abanawo kwinto enye. Kodwa imifanekiso emininzi, Ndifunyenwe abembi, wabonakala njengoko irhuluneli Khafre uThixo. UFaro waseYiputa wamandulo emelwe kunye iindevu bill kunye isikhafu phezu kwentloko yakhe, yaye akukho namnye umfanekiso wakhe yayingafani enye. Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba ngaloo mihla akuvumelekile ukuvelisa amaqhekeza ezifanayo.

Imikrolo, ekuqaleni luhlala emihadini kwenye kwiiholo zepiramidi, kamva waphoswa kuzo, baza bamfumana kwitekisi yeqela yophando 1860. Ngelishwa, ezinye imilonde baye balahlekelwa intloko nomzimba.

Eyaziwa zigcinwe kakuhle lealabhasta oqingqiweyo likaFaro Khafre, ezigcinwe kwi iCairo Museum. Phakathi avuleke yi ungumqokeleli intloko yabucala kaFaro nesithsaba plastiki of umbala omhlophe. University of Leipzig inebhongo ngumlawuli iingubo festive, Neenkophe ahonjiswe copper.

Lo mfanekiso edume diorite

Kodwa ihlabathi-yodumo ukuphunyezwa emnyama ngokupheleleyo-ubude, kunye imithambo ukukhanya, umfanekiso diorite kaFaro. Khafre, owayelawula eYiputa yamandulo, ngokuzingca ehleli etroneni yakhe, zinyangwa ezantsi Umfuziselo bunjengentyantyambo Lotus zomkhanzi. ubuso bokumkani serene kwaye ukubonisa inkxalabo.

Uphuhliso vicegerent Physical bukaThixo emhlabeni, wayambethe elifutshane umbhinqo, Liquka uxolo ogqibeleleyo, yaye kubonakala ngathi ngqo ngonaphakade.

Statue kaFaro Khafre etempileni e Giza

Ngexesha le qhiya isiko Uyigqubuthele intloko yakhe ukhozi, ukugonwa nokukhusela amaphiko uFaro elikhulu eyolukileyo. Ngoko kuchazwa umlinganiswa uthixo Horus - amandla engundoqo yasezulwini, iivenkile bonke ookumkani eJiputa kunye nelizwe labo. Enye isandla Khafre khaphu- elele edolweni sakhe, elinye libe ukubambelela ngokuqinileyo. Emazantsi setrone, ecaleni iinyawo angenanto komlawuli, igximfizwe ngestampu igama lakhe.

umfanekiso oqingqiweyo olukhazimlisiweyo kaFaro Khafre, ukuxelwa kwalo ingxoxo phakathi izazinzulu, ogcina imfihlakalo engekasonjululwa unanamhla. Kukholelwa ukuba umfanekiso ngokwenene enjalo kuxhomekeke nezithethe izimiso wamandulo, ukuba umphefumlo womntu oswelekileyo nako ukungena oqingqiweyo, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuchonga umfanekiso. Kwaye ngoko kuphela ukufutha komlawuli, kunye nezicelo bathabatha babezifezile zonke imibingelelo.

wobuciko umhlaba

Sinokuthi ukuba ihlabathi libe wobugcisa yokwenene kunye lesikhumbuzo zembali somfanekiso diorite kaFaro ezibalaseleyo. Khafre (imifanekiso photo thaca kweli nqaku) ubonisa umlawuli lingenandaba, ekubeni ngaphandle eziyolweni zabantu. Kubonakala ukuba elingabalamli umphefumlo lundanda indawo ephakamileyo, ukukhathaza ulwandle yobomi.

Ngubani na lo nomkroli ayaziwa, uyindalo processed iliwa ixesha elide kwaye kakuhle lidlulisela iimpawu zintle, akwaziwa kangaka kude. Nokuba lo mntu?

Lo mfanekiso likaFaro Khafre, eyafunyanwa 1860 e Giza, omnye amaqhekeza zixabisekileyo iCairo Museum. Lo ngumzekelo obalaseleyo bubekwelona nqanaba liphezulu lezinto uphuhliso lobugcisa baseYiputa amandulo kunye nenkcubeko.

Umfanekiso Secrets ye SPHINX kunye Khafre

umdla omkhulu nje kuphela abathanda eziqhelekileyo kwimbali yamandulo, kodwa nabaphandi ehlabathini ihlabathi oqingqiweyo likaFaro. Khafre, ingqalelo phakathi amaYiputa ayenqula njengothixo wayalela ukuba imlungisele ubuso bakhe phezu komnye umfanekiso grand ekugqibeleni bafumana yi umaleko wemileniyam okwentlabathi kwinkulungwane XX.

Sithetha malunga sculpture kunazo zonke yaye omkhulu, umdla iingqondo oosonzululwazi, kunye nabantu Indalo yonke abahambi. Umfanekiso Outstanding, zaba nemikrolo ukusuka lekalika, ebangela eninzi mpikiswano. Lo mmangaliso mkhulu eJiputa ithathwa njengokuba kuqamba kunye Khafre lengcwaba ezimbaxa, kwaye ubuso SPHINX ifuze ubuso kuFaro

Le labalindi iiphiramidi

Ombiwe iphiramidi yabalindi engxondorheni, sise ngeenyawo zalo, ngokungqinelana izazinzulu, wakha ebudeni bolawulo Khafre. AmaYiputa uchazwa kuye njengengonyama, abakhangele kwi-East, kwaye iliso wesithathu babukela ukuphuma kwelanga ukukhanya.

uphawu Royal, ngokutsho legend, soloko niphaphile, ukwenzela ukuba akathathi ekuhambeni kwelanga. AmaYiputa amandulo ayekholelwa ukuba iikati kuboniswe zasendle kubona kakuhle ebusuku, hayi kuvalwe amehlo akhe owesibini. Sphinxes kwakhiwa phambi iiphiramidi, efuna ukukhusela iintsalela lomlawuli akhe obuThixo yokuhlaselwa wabaphangi.

Kulo mfanekiso, phinda ubuso kuFaro, akukho impumlo, nto leyo ebangele ukuba eninzi beengcamango, njani le nto ingenzeka. Ezinye izazi oyikholelwayo umsolwa bakucaphukele ibhola inkanunu ngexesha kwimfazwe kukaNapoleon nxamnye Turks, kodwa abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba le nxalenye ye ebusweni imkile kangangeenkulungwane eziliqela ngaphambi kokuba isiganeko senzeke.

Iiphazili, oosonzululwazi imincili

Akukho lokusinda uxwebhu wamandulo ngaloo maxesha, nto leyo kwakuya wakhankanya umfanekiso omkhulu kweemitha mabini kubude ngaphezu amahlanu anesihlanu. Abanye abaphandi ukholelwa ukuba SPHINX kunye nobuso bengonyama yakhiwa sasinempumelelo ethile elide phambi kokuba amaYiputa amandulo, kunye namalungelo Khafre wayefuna ukuba ushiye memory yena wayalela ukuba ukutshintsha umfanekiso, ukunciphisa indlela yabo.

Yi inguqulo ulwakhiwo iphiramidi ngokusondeleyo kungenelele ezingafunekiyo, abaphandi abaninzi ukuthambeka, ucinga iminyaka engamashumi ukwakha ilitye lesikhumbuzo eyodwa lincinane kakhulu ixesha ukuba izakhiwo ezinjalo omkhulukazi.

Isazinzulu R. Hoagland, kudala wabandakanyeka isifundo eqingqiweyo Mars, ndafumana iphiramidi kunye oqingqiweyo ubuso babantu macala ofana umYiputa.

Evela amandla eqingqiweyo

Akuphumi umfanekiso oqingqiweyo ilitye likaFaro Khafre kunye Horus ukhetshe wabetha yokuba ekhethekileyo nezacholo usebenzo ukuthembeka nembonakalo yobuso wokumkani enamandla. Ithi amandla "live" ukusuka imilonde diorite nya.

Umntu ngamnye nombono oqingqiweyo oqingqiweyo olunzulu likaFaro. Khafre efa- ngokusengqiqweni kangangoko kunokwenzeka, musa ukuhlawula nayiphi na ingqalelo kulo ihlabathi emhlabeni, ukulungisa abanekratshi yakhe bejonge elizayo.

Impucuko samandulo baseYiputa kukuba Musa ukungxama ukutyhila yonke imfihlelo zaso. Izazinzulu inxaxheba kuphando lwe iiphiramidi, ziye walumkisa ukuba izinto ezintsha ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuba kubothusa wokwenene eluntwini. Kwaye thina nje ukuba ulinde ...