Zokusekwa kwe-Golden mkhosi

The Golden hlokondiba kwasekwa kumaXesha Aphakathi, yaye ngaba urhulumente enamandla. Amazwe amaninzi baye bazama ukugcina ulwalamano oluhle kunye naye. Iinkomo lokuzalanisa umsebenzi engundoqo ye Mongols, kwaye babesazi nto malunga nophuhliso kwezolimo. Ke bathabatheka ngamachule okulwa imfazwe, nto ke leyo ebangele ukuba ayeziinkweli ezinobuchule. Of baqaphele ngokukodwa kukuba Mongols akazange ukwamkela zibe kwayo abantu ababuthathaka igwala.

Ngowe-1206, Genghis Khan waba Khan Enkulu, ogama real - Temujin. Wakwazi ukuba bamanyane izizwe ezininzi. Elikwaziyo eyomeleleyo wamajoni, Genghis Khan kunye nomkhosi wakhe woyisa eMpuma Asia, Tangut ubukumkani, kumantla eTshayina, Korea kunye Central Asia. Ngaloo ndlela kwaqalisa zokusekwa kwe-Golden mkhosi.

Le meko yathatha iminyaka engamakhulu amabini eminyaka. Kuye kwasekwa kwi amabhodlo kombuso ka Genghis Khan kwaye ngumbutho wezopolitiko enamandla kwi Dasht-i-Kipchak. The Golden hlokondiba beza emva kokufa Khazar Khanate, waba heiress of zizizwe zalapho kumaXesha Aphakathi. Injongo ukuba bazimisele ukulungiselela ukuyilwa iGolden mkhosi mkhulu kunene, ukuze ulidle ilifa kwesebe elinye (ngentla) loMthetho Silk Road.

imithombo East ingxelo ukuba 1230 ngamava elikhulu, eziquka 30 amawaka Mongols, wabonakala kumathafa i lweCaspian. Yaba kwisiza amadlelo Polovtsy, baye babizwa Kipchaks. Amawaka umkhosi Mongolian waya West. Apha endleleni amajoni woyisa iVolga Bulgars kunye Bashkirs, waza wayithimba umhlaba Polovtsian.

Genghis Khan lawo ilizwe Polovtsian njengoko ulus (kummandla emphaya) Jochi, unyana wakhe omkhulu, ngubani, njengoyise, wafa ngo 1227. Zalisa uloyiso phezu kwala mazwe elo, unyana omdala ka Genghis Khan, ogama Batu. Yena nempi yakhe wabathoba ngokupheleleyo i Jochi Ulus waza wahlala Lower iVolga kwiminyaka 1242-1243.

Ngexesha le minyaka, uRhulumente Mongolian sahlukana zingene elifeni ezine. Zolotaya Orda waba ngowokuqala imeko ngaphakathi karhulumente. Ngalinye amane oonyana Genghis Khan waba ulus yakhe: Coulagot (apha kuquka ummandla eCaucasus, nePersian Gulf kunye nakwimimandla Arab); Jagatai (ndawo kuquka langoku Kazakhstan and Central Asia); Ugadei (izilingo Mongolia, Eastern eSiberia, Northern China kunye Trans-izimvu) kunye Jochi (oku Sea Black kunye nommandla iVolga). Noko ke, eyona nto ulus Ugadei. Mongolia has a capital iyonke loBukhosi Mongol - Karakorum. Apha kwakukho zonke iziganeko zoluntu, inkokeli Hagan indoda enkulu yonke ubukhosi emanyeneyo.

amabutho Mongolian hlukile ukulwa, ekuqaleni ke wahlasela Ryazan kunye Vladimir ukubusa. imizi Russian kwakhona ndizijolise ngenxa kuloyiso kubukhoboka. omnye kuphela sasinda Novgorod. Kule minyaka mibini izayo, imikhosi Mongol wabathimba bonke ngoko Russia. Ngexesha impi abaziingwanyalala Batu Khan kwafa yomkhosi wakhe.

iinkosana Russian babohlulwe ngexesha lokusekwa Golden mkhosi mkhulu kunene, yaye ke ngoko ubunzima ukwenzakala ngokusisigxina. Batu woyisa amazwe Russian kwaye kuhlawuliswa i irhafu kubemi bezo ndawo. Alexander Nevsky waba ngowokuqala owakwaziyo ukuba zithetha-thethane loo mkhosi mkhulu kunene futhi ukumisa eyaqala ngawo.

Kwiminyaka 60 bekusoloko imfazwe phakathi ulus yaphawula ngokuwa Golden mkhosi mkhulu kunene, wazithwala ithuba abantu Russian apho. Ngowe-1379, nguDmitry Donskoy wala ukuhlawula irhafu wabulala iinjengele Mongol. Ukuphendula, i-Mongol Khan Mamai wahlasela Russia. Yaqala Idabi Kulikovo, apho woyisa umkhosi Russian. aphila anayo baba singabalulekanga namabutho Mongolian wemka Russia. Ukuwa Golden mkhosi yagqitywa.

Lwethathari idyokhwe yathatha iminyaka 240 kwaye baphela uloyiso abantu Russian, nangona kunjalo, ukusekwa Golden mkhosi ayikwazi nemikhuba. Ngenxa Tatar-Mongol idyokhwe zizilawuli, Russian baqalisa ukuhlanganisa nxamnye notshaba eqhelekileyo, leyo liqiniswe yaye wenza karhulumente namandla ngakumbi Russian. Ukuqulunqwa kwe-mbali Golden mkhosi ziqikelela njengento nqanaba ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso Russia.