Umonakalo Non-pecuniary, i-Code Civil: Litigation

Iimbambano ezahlukeneyo, kukho into enjalo ukongeza umonakalo kanye, njengoko umonakalo non-eyimali. Of the Code Civil (i-Civil Code of the Russian Federation) ukubeka ngokucacileyo ukuba unika imbuyekezo. Abantu abaninzi bayazi ngayo ngokubanzi. Ungaziva, wonke umntu uyaqonda koko kuboniswa umonakalo non-eyimali. Of the Code Civil inika inkcazo ecacileyo kolu luvo. Makhe sizame ukucacisa ixesha, njengoko Ungafaka ibango lembuyekezo ukuba umonakalo, kwakunye ukuhlalutya amatyala ngendlela egwebayo.

Civil Code. umonakalo Non-pecuniary loss: 151 Article

Inqaku 151 ithi ngokucacileyo ukuba ummi anganyanzelisa imbuyekezo xa umonakalo non-pecuniary ubunzima. Xa oku kwakuthetha ukubandezeleka ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ngokwasengqondweni.

Yintoni na ukubandezeleka emzimbeni

ubunzima ngokwasemzimbeni, nto leyo kuwa phantsi ingqiqo ka "umonakalo yokuziphatha" (Civil Code), yahlulwe ngokweendidi ezimbini:

1. Ukwenzakala.
2. Ukonakala ngenxa apho ummi ukubulawa eziphathekayo.

Zama ukuqonda imizekelo abstract, xa ngenxa umonakalo umntu afaneleke ukuba imbuyekezo, xa - kungekho.

Masithi ngummi wayiba izacholo waza wabanikela ukuba pawnshop. Enyanisweni, oko kwabangela ingozi, ezivakaliswe ngokwemimiselo yezemali. Nokuba ukuya enkundleni kwiimeko ezibandakanya ilahleko impahla? Kakade ke, kodwa kule meko ke uthe akaliva amabango ukuba Art. 151 of the Code Civil. umonakalo Non-pecuniary (Art. Civil Code) kule meko ayikho. Isibakala sokuba ulwaphulo wendalo eziphathekayo, kulo mzekelo - ukubiwa izacholo, enyanisweni na obangela ukubandezeleka engqondweni. Ummi othe ebiweyo ipropati kufuna imbuyekezo yokwenene ilahleko yabo, kodwa oku imbuyekezo umonakalo yokuziphatha. Of the Code Civil ibonelela kwamanye amagatya elawula iimeko ezinjalo.

umonakalo ngokokuziphatha

Enye into, ukuba ngummi ngenxa yezenzo ziye zabangela umonakalo ekhokelele ilahleko yemali. Umzekelo okuphawuleka ukudubula mthethweni kwabasebenzi. Apha siye iziganeko ezibini:

1. Umntu sachithwa ngokungekho mthethweni, aze ke umonakalo non-pecuniary (Civil Code).
2. Ngenxa yezenzo ezingekho mthethweni, yena waphulukana imivuzo (Code Labour).

Kulo mzekelo, zikho ngokupheleleyo ecaleni kwixhoba. Ngenxa ukugxothwa mthethweni ukwenzela umonakalo non-eyimali. Of the Code Civil iqulethe into efana imbuyekezo ngelahleko umvuzo. Le mali emiselwe yi-avareji ingeniso ngosuku kunyaka ophelileyo, nto leyo liphindaphindwe ngenani leentsuku ephosiweyo. Kakade ke, kwimeko nganye yahlukile. Njengoko amagqwetha bathi, kukho iimeko ezifanayo.

Personal umonakalo non-eyimali

Personal umonakalo non-pecuniary, ngokuqhelekileyo esizibonakalisa namava ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Ngokomzekelo, omnye ummi uyagxothwa emsebenzini wakhe, nempilo yakhe yayisiba, uxinzelelo lwegazi wavuka, kwabakho ugwayi. Ukuze uqinisekise kucetyiswa ukuba kuthathwe uncedo evela kumaziko ezempilo. Ngelishwa, iinkundla Russian yi eliso libi kakhulu kule nkalo. Oku kusengqiqweni. umonakalo bempahla yokwenene ingahlolwa kwaye icikidwa iimviwo, amaxwebhu, itshekhi. Kodwa njani imali umonakalo non-pecuniary? Indlela ukuqikelela iindleko sokulibala, iimvakalelo? kufuneka Yintoni yokwenene imbuyekezo umonakalo yokuziphatha? Inqaku le-Code Civil, imithetho ayiqulathanga naluphi na ukukhankanywa asezantsi kunye namakhulu.

ingozi yokuziphatha

Oku kungenziwa ngendlela ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Ukulahleka umsebenzi.
• Ukuxelwa zonyango kunye nosapho iimfihlelo.
• Distribution of data ayisebenzi, leyo kucaphukisa imbeko nesidima ngummi.
• Isicelo nomonakalo ngqo.

Ngokumalunga ukuxelwa zonyango kunye nosapho ezifihlakeleyo, kukho ngokufuthi iingxaki ezahlukahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, usomashishini owaziwayo-kakuhle nomfazi wakhe wajika waya ngengqondo usapho malunga neengxaki zentsapho lwangaphakathi. Ukuxelwa le ngcaciso amaqela wesithathu uya kukhokelela ilahleko igama. Lo somashishini inokungabi izivumelwano ezihlawula. Iingcali zengqondo kunye noogqirha banyanzelekile ukuba ukugcina imfihlelo kubaxhasi babo. Noko ke, ngenxa yembali yalo usomashishini bafunda intatheli. Bakuvakalisa kumaphephandaba. Usomashishini ezilahlekileyo izivumelwano ezihlawula, inkokeli ye igama lakhe liyaphela. Kakade ke, zibonakalise ubudlelwane unobangela kunye nefuthe ngqo kunzima. Ngoko ke, umonakalo kanye ngenxa yezenzo ezinjalo akunakwenzeka ukuba ukubala.

Le meko yahlukile kunye umonakalo kwimpilo. Kukho iimbekiselo ezithile, izicatshulwa ezivela iingxelo zonyango, imbali yezonyango. Konke oku kusebenza njengentsika kobungqina nasemacaleni.

Yimalini umonakalo?

Lo mthetho ke ukubonelela imida kwi umonakalo non-eyimali. Elowo ngokwakhe isigqibo ngokwakhe indlela uyayixabisa lomonakalo kwicandelo lezempilo, efuna, iimvakalelo. iimeko xa esi sixa sifumanekayo amanani ama ezisibhozo-in nenzululwazi. umsebenzi kaRhulumente unganikezelwanga, ezifana kwimbambano ipropati, ke ngoko, wonke ummi unelungelo lokuba ubhale naluphi Isixa sembuyekezo. Yinto enye into ukubhala, omnye - ukumangalela. Njengoko sele kutshiwo ngentla apha, neenkundla eliso libi kakhulu nembuyiselo umonakalo non-eyimali. Ngoko ke, kunokuba obhengezwe ka-200-300 amawaka. Engange, ummangali ngokuqhelekileyo akubonayo mali isisombululo kungaphantsi kakhulu.

Kufuneka uhlawule imali

Non-pecuniary umonakalo (Civil Code, ubugcisa. 1101) compulsorily imbuyekezo ngemali. Isixa-mali esimiselwe yinkundla kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimpawu ngamnye kwimeko. Oku kuthetha ukuba xa abantu besuka ecingweni ubudala ugogo kule lali, ngoko endaweni kulo isigqibo entsha inkundla ayiyi kuphumelela - kufuneka ukuba uhlawule imali. Nokuba wobubi endaweni ucingo yamaplanga ufuna ukwakha kwi izinto ezibiza kakhulu. amatyala afanayo isonjululwe ngaphakathi sikhokelo yokuhlaliswa pre-kwetyala. Enkundleni, kuya kuba nzima ukuvakalisa loo mnqweno.

nezinye iimpawu

Imbuyekezo ngenxa yomonakalo yokuziphatha asingabo iindleko amashishini ugwetyelwe. Oku wakwenza kwacaca ukuba Russian Ministry of Finance kwileta yomhla January 24, 2007 Kuthiwa imbuyiselo ngenxa umonakalo yokuziphatha, uhlawule le nkampani kwizenzo okungalunganga, irhafu-free. Asinto iindleko ezifanelekileyo ezinxulumene kwishishini okanye kolunye ushishino. Ngenxa yoko, akukho iinzuzo zerhafu ezinokunikezelwa.

ngqi Imida

Ithuba kokuthintelwa ngenxa amabango imbuyekezo umonakalo yokuziphatha, okt. E. Ixesha lokuba angenise isicelo enkundleni umiselwa uhlobo lobudlelane ngokusemthethweni. Ukuba isenzo mthethweni sisukela ukunyhashwa kwamalungelo ipropati okanye ngenye indlela, apho ngummiselo ukulinganiselwa inikezelwe, nkqu umonakalo non-pecuniary ichazwa xesha linye. Makhe lokuchaza umzekelo ethile. Citizen adubula ngokungekho mthethweni. ngamaxesha Imida kuba nokufunyanwa inyanga enye kwi Civil Procedure Code entsha, usebenza ukususela ngo-2010. Oku kuthetha ukuba afune imbuyekezo ixesha sobuvila kunyanzeliswa nako kule nyanga.

Kodwa ukuba ukuhlukunyezwa kunxulumene ukuba amalungelo yokuziphatha, ixesha umda ayifumaneki. Umzekelo, ukuba ngummi wayegculela, zisenzakaliswa igama yakhe njengomntu oqeqeshiweyo, yena unakho ngalo naliphi na ixesha isicelo enkundleni umonakalo non-eyimali. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ingxelo akwanelanga. Kufuneka unikezele ubungqina. Phezu kwabo kuya kuxoxwa ngezantsi ngakumbi.

ubungqina

Isigqibo malunga imbuyekezo umonakalo yokuziphatha ucinga kuphela enkundleni. It uxhomekeke kuphela kwi ixhoba, kodwa uhlolisisa isiseko ubungqina. Njengoko umthetho, isiseko izigqibo ezithathwe ukuwa:

• ubungqina Ibhalwe (iziqinisekiso, imimiselo, ngobhobhozo).
• Ubungqina. Umzekelo, osebenza nabo, iinkokeli neshishini ukuqinisekisa ukuba ixhoba kubekho iinguqu ezibalulekileyo ezinxulumene iimvakalelo: yehle nomgangatho womsebenzi, waguqula ukuziphatha, chaza ngokweemvakalelo, njalo-njalo ...
• Umqukumbelo wezazi, iingcaphephe - zixilonga ezahlukeneyo, izatifikethi zonyango.

Ukuqokelelwa bonke ubungqina ngasentla, yaye iya kuba sisiseko ngesigqibo imbuyekezo.

Akukho mfuneko ukuba woyike ukuya kwengqondo

amagqwetha Professional bathi xa ummi uziva amava ngokweemvakalelo ngenene ezinxulumene ne bahambe umonakalo yokuziphatha, kufuneka lokukhathalela iphulo kugqirha. Eyona yimpazamo ukucinga ukuba kuphela abantu ogula babuyelayo kubo uncedo, kunye nokuba unyango olunjalo luya kukhokelela kuvela ubunzima ekufumaneni umsebenzi ngeemeko ezinye iingxaki, kuya kubakho imbali yezonyango ezimbi, njl Musa ukoyika kulo ... Ikheli kugqirha, okubangelwa amava ngokweemvakalelo - nto Kuyinto eqhelekileyo. Ugqirha uyakukumisela nadlamkisayo, ndithi kuni indlela yokuhlangabezana namaxhala, ukunika isiqinisekiso ebhaliweyo yokuba kunyango - zonke esinokufumana imbuyekezo elizayo.

Indlela yokuba sikwazi ukumela imeko yalo

Maxa wambi kubonisa inyaniso ityala nzima kakhulu. Ezinye iimeko ezibonakala banal zifike nkundla iphezulu - yeNkundla Ephakamileyo. Maxa wambi sangenisa isigqibo entsha, nto leyo engqina ithiyori enye ebalulekileyo: kufuneka usoloko uye ekupheleni ekhusela ukuba umsulwa. Ukuba ungummi ikholelwa ukuba abasebenzi engoovimba, umzekelo, isimo sengqondo ndingakuyekiyo amanyathelo okhuseleko, ngenxa yokuba impilo yakhe yaba buhlungu, isigqibo senkundla yesithili omnye hayi kwityala lakhe ukuba akayeki. Ngokufuthi isigqibo senkundla umzekelo yokuqala isibheno irhoxisiwe. Mhlawumbi kungenzeka ukuba ummangalelwa uya kuya ekupheleni. Kwiinkampani ezinkulu abe kulichitha-endlwini icebo labo. Inkundla - ukuba umsebenzi wabo. Ngenxa yoko, uloyiso kwimeko omnye ummi esiqhelekileyo, njengokuba umthetho, ayikho lokugqibela. Rhoqo imibutho zomthetho wakhonza kwabasemagunyeni eziphezulu.

isiphelo

Ngoko ke, eli nqaku weKhowudi Civil umonakalo yokuziphatha - 151. Ngokutsho kuye, ixhoba angenza isicelo enkundleni ukuba imbuyekezo. Ukwenzakala Moral kwakuthetha ngokuhlupheka okubangelwa izenzo ezingekho mthethweni. Intlawulo iya kwenziwa kuphela ngemali. Esi sigqibo senziwe kuphela ngokususela zonke entendelezweni ubungqina. Iimfuno ubungakanani zisezantsi aliqulathanga inqaku 151 of Code Civil. umonakalo Non-pecuniary (ubukhulu) ngamnye uchaza ukuba yena, kodwa simele siqonde ukuba iinkundla zethu ekumnikeni xa kuhlawulwe.