Umsebenzi wokufundisa. iinjongo zemfundo potsesse

Umsebenzi lemfundo ufake kwiziko lemfundo ngalinye. Nokuba enkulisa. Ngapha koko, imfundo - yinkqubo engelula, nto leyo egxininisa idlulise ulwazi, iindlela zokucinga, imigangatho ezahlukeneyo ukusuka isizukulwana omdala kwencinane. Le nkqubo linentsingiselo eyahlukileyo. Kodwa ekugqibeleni, mntwana ngamnye njengoko bekhula kufuneka bafumane izakhono ezithile, imilinganiselo yokuziphatha, imilinganiselo yokuziphatha eza kukhokelwa ebomini kwixesha elizayo.

Ukususela ngokombono pedagogy

Inkqubo yemfundo mihla ngengqiqo zokufundisa, lujolise ehlelwe ngokukodwa ngabom inyathelo kwicala qela lootitshala. Le efunekayo ukuze kwenziwe iseti ezisemgangathweni ukuphumeza iinjongo eziphathekayo. Kakade ke, imfundo inkqubo zeengxabano ezahlukeneyo. Umntu ucinga ukuba asifanele phezu-ukufundisa abantwana, njengoko kunjalo ziya kuphenjelelwa kokusingqongileyo. Abanye, Noko ke, bakholelwa ukuba ngaphandle ukufundisa abantu kungenakwenzeka ukuba umntu, ilungu elihloniphekileyo yoluntu. Kufanele kube njalo. Umsebenzi ophambili zemfundo nayiphi na inkqubo yezemfundo - ukuchonga iziphiwo seetalente umntu siyiphuhlisa ngaphakathi ngokungqinelana iimpawu zayo ngabanye.

Ndimele ndithi ukuba neempawu ezithile kuyimfuneko ngokungqinelana makings ebekwe phantsi ngokwemvelo. Ngako oko, injongo zemfundo kunye nemisebenzi zemfundo kufuneka kukhethwe ukuze ziyangqinelana inqanaba lophuhliso umntwana. Kwaye ndiza azichukumise zone yakhe yophuhliso proximal. imfundo Good kufuneka uye phambili yophuhliso.

uqeqesho yengqondo

inkqubo Ezemfundo - yiseti amanyathelo ezijolise kuphuhliso evumelanayo ngamnye. Ukwachaphazela ikakhulu kunye nabazali. Kodwa kwakhona amaziko afana eziguqulweyo kunye nezikolo nabo badlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinjongo enye nefanayoa. Imfundo kokufundiswa eyahlukileyo. Ngamnye kubo uya kuqwalaselwa ngokwahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, phantsi imfundo ngokwasengqondweni iqondwa nokuphuhliswa ubuntu, nto leyo ityhilwe kwinkqubo yokufunda kunye ngongoma yokuziphatha, iimvakalelo, kunye emzimbeni umbono. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uphuhliso iimpawu zobuqu. imisebenzi yemfundo noqeqesho kwiinkalo ekugxilwe yengqondo ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantwana wenza eminye imisebenzi:

• zivalele isixa esithile ulwazi lwezenzululwazi;
• Safunda elawo izimvo zabo kwaye babheka ihlabathi;
• namandla ngophuhliso engqondo, ubuchule, izinto ngokwasengqondweni;
• bayazi imfuneko wemvula rhoqo ulwazi lwabo.

Zonke ezi njongo wabeka phambi kwizikolo eziziisekondari. Oku igxininisa yokuba ukuba kukho uqeqesho yengqondo - inyathelo lokuqala kwindlela eya ekufundeni yonke le nkqubo yolwazi yeeSayensi ezisisiseko.

imfundo ngokomzimba

Ngoko ke kubalulekile. Inkqubo yemfundo mihla byi ingqalelo umba ngokwasemzimbeni zophuhliso. Ingxaki ephambili kule meko thile ezahlukeneyo. Kodwa ngaphandle kwabo ke kunzima ukuba kubekwe nayiphi na inkqubo yemfundo. imfundo Physical ibandakanya ingqalelo ekugxilwe ekukhuthazeni impilo kunye nophuhliso olufanelekileyo umntwana, ukwanda ukusebenza kwayo, uphuhliso lwezakhono motor zendalo.

Injongo yale nkqubo, kuluncedo yaye kuyimfuneko - nokwandisa uphuhliso emzimbeni womntu. Kananjalo ukuphucula umgangatho wayo, kwaye ke ukuba ngokuvisisana iimpawu zokomoya yokuziphatha kwalo mntu. Umsebenzi wokufundisa epriskuli kunye nezikolo ezijolise kuquka kulo ukwakha izakhono motor ebalulekileyo, ukukhuthaza yokuqala ekufunyanweni kolunye ulwazi olusisiseko ngemvelo yenzululwazi kunye nezenziwayo.

imfundo iLabour

Uqala ukuthatha imilo ukususela ebuntwaneni - usapho, isikolo - kwaye ibandakanya yenze ulwazi olusisiseko malunga neentlawulo labour kwabantwana. Nawuphi na umsebenzi - yokuhamba ebalulekile iimpawu ngengqondo yokuziphatha kwalo mntu. Ngenxa yoko, abafundi kufuneka ibe imfuneko yendalo. Beka iinjongo zemfundo ezithile usafunda kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo:

• ifomu abantwana nomoya omhle umsebenzi, nto leyo inikwa njengoko ixabiso njengowongamileyo ebomini;
• ukuphuhlisa umdla kwengqondo ulwazi, imfuneko kumsebenzi oyiliweyo;
• ukuhlakulela ubhalo ephakamileyo, ukusebenza nzima, umsebenzi kunye noxanduva;
• ixhobisa abafundi iintlobo ngeentlobo zemisebenzi kunye nezakhono.

Oko kukuthi, uqeqesho abasebenzi abo imiba yenkqubo yemfundo ebandakanya ukunikela ingqalelo umsebenzi.

imfundo yokuziphatha

iinjongo zemfundo zenkqubo ejoliswe ekuphuhliseni ulwazi lwengqiqo yokuziphatha, iimvakalelo, kunye neenkolelo ezihambelana izithethe esekwe kuluntu. Bona aqondwe yentlalo. Baya ukukhawulelana nemigangatho yokuziphatha, ukuba ziye zenziwa ngabantu ngexesha ekhula yembali yoluntu. Ootitshala bathi imfundo yokuziphatha - a ukulungisa okunenjongo ngesimilo somntwana yokuziphatha, imikhwa yakhe, indlela yokuziphatha, unxibelelwano, ukucinga. Ngako oko, injongo yale nkqubo ijolise ukuyilwa iimvakalelo abanyanisekileyo, umlinganiswa yokuziphatha, isikhundla sakhe, kodwa ngaphakathi amaxabiso ekhoyo yokuziphatha. Loo mntu kwixesha elizayo ubotshiwe abe ngummi ngokulufaneleyo lizwe.

imfundo wobuzwe

ingqalelo eyodwa kunikwa le nkalo yemfundo njengoko iimvakalelo yobuzwe. Umntwana kufuneka umntwana ukuba bahloniphe kwilizwe lawo, indalo, izipho, imilinganiselo yayo zenkcubeko. Kwaye emiyezweni, kwaye izikolo ngokubonakalayo imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo emkhosini-izwe ukuba ukunceda abantwana baqonde indlela okubaluleke ngayo ilungu kumhlaba wabo wenziwe. Bona zilungiselelwe phantsi kweemeko yokuseka inkqubo yemfundo yoluntu-izwe. Yintoni na?

ootitshala abaninzi kuqatshelwe ukuba imfundo yoluntu-izwe - ngendlela ephambili kwinkqubo yemfundo mihla. Injongo yale nkqubo - ukuyilwa umntu onako ukwenza ukuziphatha kwezentlalo nengqiqo. Kufuneka ube uyakwazi ukubalisa bona kunye nenkqubo ekhoyo yobudlelwane bentlalo, nibone indawo yakhe kuyo, qhagamshelana neziqhamo nabanye abantu.

usukelo Military-izwe imfundo zijolise ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakhulela ngummi elungileyo, kukho ngokuthanda ilizwe, behlonipha imithetho yayo. Kwaye ukufezekisa le njongo lwenziwa inani lemisebenzi:

• ulawulo yesayensi-kuqhutywa kunye nomsebenzi lombutho. Injongo ekudaleni iimeko kangangoko ukulungiselela imfundo yoluntu yobuzwe besikolo.
• Ezingqondweni neemvakalelo abafundi ezivunywe yi ingcamango jikelele oluntu zentsulungeko, kwiindlela zokucinga, iinkolelo.
• Sungula inkqubo esebenzayo yemfundo. Ngenxa yakhe, inika iimeko kangangoko ukwenzela uphuhliso lwabantwana iimpawu civil ezisisiseko.

Iimpawu nemigaqo mihla yemfundo

Indlela yokukhulisa ukukhulisa umntwana? Lo mbuzo kuvuswa bonke abazali. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba wonke umntu uyazi yabo inkqubo, iimpawu kunye nemigaqo yayo. Kodwa kukho iingqikelelo, ngokusekelwe oluthi luqokelelane kunye neendlela zokufundisa mihla. inkqubo yemfundo namhlanje lusekelwe kwimigaqo ezininzi:

1. Ukuziqhelanisa yenkqubo yoluntu.
2. Imfundo kufuneka buhambelane ezinxulumene nobomi kunye nomsebenzi.
3. Kufuneka zisekelwe zobuntu.
4. indlela Personal kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kule nkqubo.
5. Zonke iintshukumo kufuneka zifane.

msebenzi Educational kule meko Bacinge ukwenzela ukuba bakuthathele ingqalelo iimfuno zoluntu ngokudibene iingqiqo ezikhoyo zefilosofi kunye ngokwasengqondweni zokufundisa. Malunga baxoxe ngokweenkcukacha ezingakumbi.

Yintoni nomqondo?

Isiseko ndlela zokufundisa mihla isekelwe phezu concepts emibini yemfundo - into ebambekayo kunye humanistic. Okokuqala oko kuvunywe kwi US emva kwinkulungwane XX iyaqhubeka unanamhla. Umngqele yakhe - imfundo ngenxa ukusinda. Yiloo nto ke umsebenzi yesikolo - ukukhula, kuqala kwiinto zonke, ngumsebenzi esebenzayo nommi uxanduva. abaxhasi abangakumbi ingcamango humanistic. Ngokutsho kwakhe, kuyimfuneko ukunceda umntu aqonde zonke ezendeleyo ubuchule kunye neziphiwo. Kodwa kukho mihla ngakumbi kwaye ingqiqo ngoku kwezemfundo:

1. NgezoBomi collectivism. Okubalulekileyo kule ingqiqo - ingcamango yokwabelana, iqela ubuchule nokufunda ukuba imfundo, njengoko inkqubo ebandakanya ulawulo nophuhliso ngamnye kwiqela.
2. ingqiqo Social. Loo nto inika umdla gqitha yaye ulwazi. Kulo mzekelo, phantsi imfundo ibhekisela inkqubo yoluntu esekelwe iimpembelelo ezithile kwimisebenzi kunye nokuziphatha. umsebenzi wakhe - ukudala imeko-bume efanelekileyo ukuze ukukhula kunye nophuhliso umntu othile.
3. Ubuntu-oriented ingqiqo nezifundo zenkcubeko. Ngokutsho kwakhe, emfanekisweni zehlabathi isekelwe ithe ngokuyintloko nabantu. Kodwa imfundo kufuneka iqhutywe ngokungqinelana ngokusekelwe kwinkcubeko yesizwe. Ubuntu kolu luvo - oko kukuthi, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, indoda imigaqo zenkcubeko yokuziphatha.
4. Self-umbutho yemfundo. Ngokutsho le ngcamango, inkqubo kwakuthetha ukuba isicombululo creative kwiingxaki zobomi. Oko kukuthi, umntu ekhetha indlela ingasombululwa.

Yintoni ngumongo?

inkqubo Ezemfundo - yinkqubo apho imiba eyahlukeneyo badlala indima. Kwaye ukuba sisiseko semisebenzi mihla zokufundisa kumaziko emfundo. Kodwa kungaphelelanga apho kubo. Emva kokuba inkqubo yemfundo ibandakanya irekhodi yazo zonke iimeko zokusingqongileyo onokuba nefuthe umntu ngethuba nokubunjwa kwayo.

Iinjongo kunye neenjongo umsebenzi wokufundisa ejolise ukusombulula ukungaboni ezibalulekileyo phakathi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo umfundi. Kwaye ukuba ukwenze oko ukuze ubuntu bakhe kwasekwa ngemvisiswano yaye ngokupheleleyo. Yaye abadlali kufuneka benze konke okusemandleni ukuze alungiselele zonke iintlobo yeziphumo phezu komntwana. imfundo Ukuzihlola - ludibaniso iphela iindlela kunye neenkqubo ibe nempembelelo ngamnye.

Into esemqoka - focus isenzo

Siphawula ngoko nangoko ukuba umsebenzi wokufundisa usoloko kuqhutywa ngendlela entsonkothileyo. Oko kukuthi, impembelelo nje kuphela ngqo umntwana. Kubalulekile kakhulu ukuba ukuvavanya bume wakhe, yaye oku kufuneka kujongwane nayo ootitshala njengenxenye yenkqubo yemfundo. Ngenxa yoko, linyanzela loo mfundo kunye neenjongo zemfundo:

• definition lweempawu ngamnye umntwana, uphuhliso, okusingqongileyo izinto zayo;
• lwenkqubo ye iimpembelelo zemfundo;
• Uphuhliso kunye nokuphunyezwa iindlela kunye neefom yenzelwe ukusebenza kunye nomntwana ngamnye;
• novavanyo lwesakhono yempembelelo emfundo yayinegunya.

Njengenxenye umntwana ngenxa kokusingqongileyo baseka kwakulula ngokweemvakalelo. Abantwana zibandakanyiwe kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Elinye iqela iinjongo ijolise ukulungisa impembelelo zezifundo ezahlukeneyo nobudlelwane kwezentlalo komntwana. Uncedo loluntu usapho banokuncedwa kule nkqubo. Itakane libandakanyeka ngokubonakalayo dialogue nabasebenzi ukufundisa. Kulo mzekelo, ucwangciso umsebenzi wokufundisa sakhiwe ngendlela yokuba kwindawo yokuqala iye imisebenzi ukulungiselela.

isakhiwo

inkqubo yemfundo iquka amacandelo ezininzi - ofunekayo, kakhulu operably-msebenzi kunye zohlalutyo-olusebenzayo. Siza kuthetha okungakumbi ngabo:

1. Icandelo Target - oku inkcazo iinjongo zemfundo zenkqubo. Yaye zibekwe emva uwunikela ingqalelo iimfuno kunye neminqweno umntwana, lo mkhwa lophuhliso lwentlalo.
2. Icandelo Enomthamo - na imiyalelo ezisisiseko apho wayesebenza yonke inkqubo. Umxholo wayo iqwalasele ukuyilwa ngeempawu ukuba umntu othile amagama aziintloko unxulumano lwayo nehlabathi ngaphandle.
3. Icandelo Operational-msebenzi - zokufundisa kuthetha ukuba utitshala liphumeza umsebenzi wayo kumsebenzi wokufundisa. Kule nkalo yokufunda yinkqubo subjects intsebenziswano esebenzayo ngezinto.
4. icandelo zohlahlelo kunye amanqaku ibandakanya uvavanyo ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwenkqubo yemfundo.

Imithetho yemfundo

Indlela yokukhulisa umntwana azithabathele? Ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo simele siqonde indlela inkqubo yokwakhiwa, ukuba enze oko ngokwenene ngempumelelo. Undoqo imfundo icacile, xa ufunda imithetho yayo, okt kunxibelelwano lwangaphakathi nolwangaphandle, eziphembelela impumelelo lwempumelelo yokumisela iinjongo zemfundo. Ukwenza umntwana ngokwenene kakuhle emihle, yaye abazali nootitshala kufuneka ulumkele eminye imithetho elawula le nkqubo:

• izinto zobuqu womntwana kufuneka ngokuvisisana kunye noluntu. Ukubaluleka kunye neenjongo zenkqubo zokufundisa. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba umntwana ubusebenza, yaye ngenxa yokuba kufuneka abe ezixhasayo.
• Imfundo abakhule kuchaphazela wabantu nenkcubeko yonke edityanisiweyo. Oko kukuthi, siphuhlisa, ukuba sifumana ulwazi, ukwandisa zexa zabo nobubanzi imisebenzi yayo.
• nempembelelo Educational kwimfuno yomntwana ukuze ungqinelane. Ukuba ayikwazi ukuziphikisa iimfuno zokufundisa.

Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo zemfundo - yinto yexesha elipheleleyo ovumela ingqibelelo ukusekwa kunye nemvisiswano endodeni. Kodwa musa ukulibala ukuba umntwana - ixabiso ephambili kwinkqubo ubudlelwane babantu. Kulo mzekelo, kukho umgangatho esisiseko yabantu. Kwaye ukuba uqeqesho kuphumelele, kubalulekile ukuba umntwana ebandakanyeka umsebenzi ngokuzithandela, wathembela ootitshala nabazali. Kwaye ndiyaqonda ukuba kunjalo lukhuselwe kwakunye nemidla yabo - accounted for. A nempembelelo enkulu kwakhona unalo uthando lwabazali kunye nentlonipho umntwana, ukukwazi kwakhe ukuphulaphula nokuqonda.