Uthini umahluko phakathi kokucwiliswa kunye nokupilisa: iimpawu kunye neempawu zeenkqubo

Ukunyuka kwepilisi kunye nokuchumisa yizona nkqubo ezibalulekileyo ezibangela ukuphindaphinda okuvelisayo kwezityalo. Uthini umahluko phakathi kokuchumisa kunye nokuveliswa kwepilini, kuya kuqwalaselwa ngenyameko kwinqaku lethu. Indima yabo kwimvelo ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngoko, kubonga kubo ukuba zonke izityalo zenziwe. Ngoko, masiqonde ndawonye.

Uthini umahluko phakathi kochumiso kunye nokuvelisa imfuyo: i-biology iya kunika impendulo

Zombini ezi nkqubo zivela kuphela kubameli beSebe lezityalo ze-holo kunye ne- angiospermous. Ngenxa yoko banamalungu akhethekileyo okuvelisa ngesondo. I-gymnosperms, ininzi zazo ziyi-conifers, zi-cones zamadoda kunye namabhinqa. Abafaki iintyatyambo, ngokungafani nama-angiosperms, ahlala kwindawo ephezulu kwihlabathi. Iinjongo eziphambili zeentyantyambo zazo ziyi-pestle kunye ne-stamina, enika inkqubo yokuvelisa ngokuvelisa. Uthini umahluko phakathi kokuqumba nokuvumba? Ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo, makhe siqale siqwalasele intsingiselo yale nkqubo.

Yintoni i-pollination?

Ukutsalwa kwepilini yezityalo eziqhambileyo ezibizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yokudlulisa impova evela kwi-anther ye-stamen ukuya kwi-pistil. Kutheni le nkqubo iyimfuneko ukuba i-gamete idibanise? Konke malunga nesakhiwo seentyatyambo. Ieseli zesini zesini eziphezulu zibizwa ngokuba yi-sperm. Ziyakushenxiswa, zininzi kwaye zikhona kwi-anther ye-stamen enamathele kwi-filament. I-gamete yebhinqa ibizwa ngeqanda. Kukwinqanaba elisezantsi kwinqanaba elincinane le-pistil - i-ovary. Uthini umahluko phakathi kokuqumba nokuvumba? Kwimeko yesibini, iigenethi zamadoda nabesifazane azidibanisi. Ukunyuka kwe-pollination kubandakanya ukudluliselwa kwe-spermatozoa ukuya phezulu kwipistil, ukusuka apho baya kuqala uhambo lwabo ukuya kwiqanda. Kungenzeka ngeendlela ezininzi.

Iintlobo zempoli

Ukuze uphendule umbuzo malunga nokuhluka phakathi kokuchumisa kunye nokuthulisa, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iindidi zayo. Kukho iindlela ezimbini ezibalulekileyo. Le yendalo impova kunye nokuvelisa. Iyokuqala ibandakanya ukudluliselwa kwempova ngoncedo lomoya, amanzi okanye abameli bombuso wezilwanyana. Kuyavunywa ukuba iimpwenkwe kuphela zivelisa impova: iinyosi, amaqabunga, i-bumblebees, ibhotela kunye nabanye. Kodwa le nkqubo yenziwa ngeentaka ezincinci, njengeectary, izilwanyana kunye nezilwanyana ezincinci, ezinjenge-couscous. Izityalo ezinokungcoliswa kwezidakamizwa zinemiphunga enkulu kunye ne-aureole enemibala kunye nephunga elimnandi. Ngamanye amaxesha badibanisa kwi-inflorescences ukuze bakhangele ngakumbi. Kunzima ukuzibona. Izityalo zomoya ezithanjiswa ngomoya zihlala ziyingcinci kwaye zingathandeki. Indlela yokufakelwa yenziwa ngumntu ukuze athole isivuno sesithelo.

Yintoni iFertilization

Ukufakela imfuyo yinkqubo yokufumba kweeseli zentsholongwane. Uthini umahluko phakathi kokuqumba nokuvumba? Okokuqala, inkqubo yokuqala yiphumo kwaye akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwesibini. Kwixesha lokuphala impova, i-spermatozoa ibonakala kwi-pistil. Kodwa ukuze ufikelele kwiqanda, kubalulekile ukuphuhlisa i-tube embryonic. Ihluma, kwaye kunye nayo iyaqhubela phambili kwinjongo yayo kunye nesidoda.

Iimpawu zokuqumba kabini izityalo zezimbali

Kukho iiseli ezimbini kwi-ovary ye-pestle. I-ovum kunye ne-embryonic ephakathi. Ngoko ke, ngexesha lokuchumisa, iiseli zesini zesini zithatha inxaxheba. Njengomphumo wokuxuba kweqanda kunye nesidoda sokuqala, imbumbulu yesityalo esizayo iyakhiwa. Iqulethe zonke iindawo ezifunekayo: umlenze, intliziyo, iqabunga, isiqu. Kwaye isiphumo sokuchumisa kunye nesibini sesidoda sesisele segciwane lesigxina yi-endosperm. Le isondlo esisondlo. Umbungu kunye ne-endosperm ifaka imbewu efunyenwe kwizityalo eziqhambileyo ngaphakathi kwesiqhamo, kwaye kwi-gymnosperms - evuliwe kwiikali zamaconsi. Nasi umehluko phakathi kokuvota nokuchumisa. Esi sisiphumo. Ukufakelwa kwemfuyo kwenzeka ngexesha lokuchumisa. Iimitha zeGamethi azidibanisi ngaphandle kokuba zitshintshwa ngokuzenzekelayo. Ukubilisa i-pollination ihlala iqala kuqala kwaye ifuna ukungenelela kwamandla angaphandle: izilwanyana, umoya, amanzi, inambuzane. Isiphumo sokuchumisa imbewu kunye neziqhamo. Kwenzeka ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwangaphandle.

Lo umehluko phakathi kokuvumba nokuchumisa. Le yinkqubo elandelelanayo ekulawuleni ukuzaliswa ngokwesini ngesityalo se-spore kunye nembewu.