Edmund Burke: ucaphulo, amazwi, engobomi, iingcinga ezingundoqo, iimbono zopolitiko, imisebenzi ephambili, photo, ifilosofi

Edmund Burke (1729-1797 gg.) - A edumileyo British inani yipalamente, ezopolitiko kunye noluntu, umbhali, umbhali, isithandi, umseki kwicala endala. imisebenzi yayo kunye nomsebenzi iwela ngenkulungwane ye-18, waba owayephila French Revolution, kwakunye njengelungu lomzabalazo yasepalamente. izimvo zakhe neengcamango kwaba nempembelelo ephawulweyo kwengcinga kwezentlalo nezopolitiko, kwaye ixesha ngalinye imisebenzi yakhe yabangela mpikiswano ngodlamko eluntwini.

Ezinye iinkcukacha zobomi

Edmund Burke, ogama biography na umbandela yolu phononongo, wazalelwa e-Ireland ngowe-1729. Uyise kumProtestanti, unina - a yamaKatolika. Yena iziqu Trinity College e Dublin, waza wagqiba ekubeni athabathe nenzululwazi, waya eLondon. Kodwa apha waba nomdla umbhali umsebenzi. Edmund Burke waye umhleli we kulindixesha "kwiRejista Annual," inkcazo kwawo nesiqulatho phantse bonke ubomi bakhe. Waza waqala, yaye umsebenzi wakhe wezopolitiko, waba unobhala iNkulumbuso (ngo-1765), yaye kamva waba lilungu lepalamente. Ngelo xesha linye (1756) yena wabhala eziliqela imisebenzi-reflection, nto leyo ebangele ukufumana kuye abathile popularity and ukuvunyelwa ukuba baqale ukuthandana ngezangqa boncwadi. Edmund Burke, imisebenzi ephambili abazinikele nemiba yezopolitiko bulumko, waduma ikakhulu ngenxa iintetho zabo lepalamente kunye namaphetshana ukuba wonke xesha laba umbandela nengxubusho ebangel kunye mpikiswano.

nemibono yezopolitiko

umsebenzi wakhe zepalamente yaqala xa waba unobhala iNkulumbuso, owafuza Whig party. Kungekudala wakhokela iqhezu lokuqonda zakhe izimvo zopolitiko. Edmund Burke, umseki conservatism, kodwa ezinye izinto ingabaginyi zobunene. Ngoko ke, ukuba nomxhasi yokuvuselelwa yaye bekholelwa ukuba amandla kakumkani kufuneka kusekelwe phezu ulongamo yabantu. Wamelana ukumkani epheleleyo, bekholelwa ukuba ubomi kwezopolitiko ngokupheleleyo kweli lizwe kufuneka ibe liqela ithuba lokuvakalisa izimvo zabo ngqo nangokucacileyo.

imithetho

Kodwa eminye imiba Edmund Burke, iingcamango ezingundoqo kuzo 'endala, ukubamba izikhundla ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, ukuba umgaqo lweli utshintsho, wayekholwa ukuba olu tshintsho kufuneka kancane lumkani ukuba ukuphazamisa imali ekhoyo amandla kwaye umonakalo iinkulungwane benza inkqubo. Wamelana utshintsho ngequbuliso kunye ezinkulu ngenkolelo yokuba izenzo ezinjalo kuya kukhokelela sisiphithiphithi nokungalawuleki.

ngoluntu

Edmund Burke, iimbono zabo zopolitiko kunye bamathidala ingabizwa 'endala, wathetha nxamnye izenzo kaRhulumente British ngokumalunga amathanga North American. Wambiza ndibanike inkululeko yezoqoqosho kwaye lula umthwalo werhafu, wathetha ngemfuneko ukutshitshisa umsebenzi nestampu. Kwakhona wagxeka imisebenzi ye-East India Company e India waza wenza ityala elikhulu kwabamba yelizwe W. Hastings (1785). Le nkqubo yaba kakhulu elikhulu yaye yatyhilwa kakubi ezininzi kwinkqubo yolawulo British kweli lizwe. Edmund Burke, conservatism kubonakala ngakumbi kwimpikiswano kunye Hastings, ababesithi India kufuneka senze imimiselo Western kunye nemithetho, kunye nembangi wakhe, kwelinye icala, ngelithi ukuba ayamkelekanga kumazwe asempuma.

Le revolution French

Waqala ngo ka1789 wanikina onke amazwe aseYurophu, hayi kuphela ukungazinzi kwezentlalo nezopolitiko, kodwa iingcamango zabo. Nxamnye yokugqibela kabukhali bagxeka Edmund Burke, phikisana ukuba izimvo yithiyori yenguqu kunye kwerandi, abstract, musa ukuba umhlaba yokwenene yembali kwaye ngoko soze bendelisele iingcambu eluntwini, ngenxa yokuba azinazo naziphi na iingcambu okanye imbali. Yena, ngokungafaniyo amalungelo yokwenene zendalo. Le yokugqibela, ngokwembono yakhe, ithiyori kuphela, kanti eneneni kukho kuphela ezo eyenziwa ikhosi uphuhliso yembali kwizizukulwana zangaphambili.

Kwi yoluntu kunye norhulumente

Edmund Burke, ogama nemibono ulwalathiso endala, wakhanyela, wazama kwaye wagxeka loo ingcamango lwentlalo contract J.-J. Rousseau, eli leyo kukuba abantu ngokwabo renounces ngokuzithandela inxalenye inkululeko yabo ezithwala uxanduva karhulumente ukuze ulawulo kunye nokhuseleko nokhuselo. Ngokoluvo ka Burke, onke amaziko kwezopolitiko, ezentlalo kunye nezoqoqosho ngokubhekisele kubomi esebenzayo, kwinto yokuba kangangeenkulungwane obuvelisiweyo kunye sivavanywe kwexesha. Ngoko ke, oko kwenza akukho ndlela, wathi, ukuzama ukutshintsha umyalelo okhoyo, kusenokuba kuphela ngononophelo ukuphucula ngaphandle naluphi na utshintsho esisiseko. Kungenjalo, kuza chaos kunye isiphithiphithi, nto leyo into eyenzeka yotshintsho olululo eFransi.

Oko sithetha ngenkululeko

Ababhali lubonisa ukuba ukungalingani kwezentlalo kunye iinkokeli ziye Ukhona njalo, ngoko, ingqalelo iiprojekthi revolution kwi nokwakhiwa uluntu nje esekelwe utopia nokulingana jikelele. Edmund Burke, aphorisms leyo ngokufutshane ebonisa undoqo bulumko bakhe, ababesithi akunakwenzeka ukuba kulinganwe iyonke nokuzimela jikelele.

Ukuyiphi le ngxelo ilandelayo malunga nalo mba: "Ukuze babe nenkululeko, kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa." Iimbono abalweli ke wakunonelela ukwakha njengoko kwerandi kwaye walatha yombhodamo lwenzeke eFransi emva mdibi. Kakhulu ngenxa ukusebenza kwakhe nxamnye phecana urhulumente Revolution empumelelweni ekhokelwa yi William Pitt the Younger wenza isigqibo ukuba aye kulwa kurhulumente. Edmund Burke, kuchaphulo olu ephakamisa kwizikhundla zakhe 'endala, wathi umntu akanakuze ukuzimela ngokupheleleyo evela eluntwini, oko yindlela incamathele kuyo. Wayithetha le nto ngale ndlela: "inkululeko Abstract, njengezinye ukutsalwa, ayikho."

Iingcinga malunga bayo

Ekuqaleni umsebenzi wakhe zoncwadi (1757), wabhala iphepha elinomxholo othi "Isifundo yentanda ngemvelaphi iingcamango zethu sublime kunye ezintle." Kulo sisazinzulu wacebisa entsha ngexesha layo, ingcamango yokuba ukuqonda yomntu ubuhle efanelekileyo akuxhomekekanga neembono art kunye noxolo lwengqondo kunye neemfuno zokomoya. Lo msebenzi uye kuye udumo awuthimba indawo ebalulekileyo Mininzi imisebenzi malunga kubuhle. Lo msebenzi sele iguqulelwe kulwimi Russian, leyo uthetha udumo lwakhe.

umbono jikelele

Edmund Burke, ogama intanda kwakhona kakhulu emiselwe iingcinga conservatism, wavakalisa ezinye iimbono umdla malunga ngembali kunye nolwakhiwo lwentlalo. Ngokomzekelo, wayekholelwa ukuba utshintsho kufuneka luthathele ngamava ngqo akhawunti urhwebe kwizizukulwana zangaphambili. Wabiza sikhokelwa imizekelo ezithile kunokuba kwiingcingane. Ngokutsho kwakhe, le ndlela ilungileyo yokuguqula ubume ekuhlaleni. Ngesi sihlandlo, lowo anawo intetho ethi: ". Musa ukubukhumbula umzekelo - yiyo sisikolo kuphela loluntu, omnye umntu esi sikolo ayikaze kwaye iya akayi"

Umbono

Edmund Burke wayekholelwa izithethe engundoqo ixabiso laloo umnxeba ukulondoloza nentlonelo njengoko iqulunqwe ubomi ngokwayo kwaye zisekelwe kwiimfuno zokwenene kunye neemfuno zabantu, yaye musa evela uqikelelo. Akukho nto embi, ngokwembono yakhe, kunokuba ukwephula ngokwemvelo zophuhliso, nto leyo imiswe kwimbali kunye nobomi. Wagxeka iziganeko French ixesha kwisincoko odumileyo "Reflections on the Revolution eFransi" (1790) Ukusuka kwezi zikhundla. revolution esibulalayo, wabona ukuba wonakaliswe ngamava enkulu ngokomoya eziyintlanganisela kwizizukulwana zangaphambili. Iinzame ukwakha uluntu olutsha kokuqwalasela engento kwimpucuko, ngokuba umbhodamo kuphela intshabalalo.

inani

In imibhalo kunye neentetho ka Burke kuqala wafumana kugqitywe lokugqibela izimvo nemibono endilisekileyo. Ngoko ke, kucingwa ukuba ngunozala conservatism yamandulo. izimvo zakhe zefilosofi uphethe indawo ebalulekileyo kwimbali ingcamango zezopolitiko intetho odlamkileyo yezopolitiko enkululekweni amathanga North American nxamnye kakubi kolo amandla IsiNgesi e-India, kuba inkululeko yenkolo yamaKatolika eIreland uye wenza enye abameli abadumileyo ngexesha lakhe. iimbono zakhe, kunjalo, asikwazi kubizwa ngokuba 'endala ngokucacileyo, ekubeni kudla ngqo kwiingcamango zobunene.