Vanda Vasilevskaya: biography kanye photo

Namhlanje ukukhumbula ngubani Vanda Vasilevskaya, hhayi bonke, nangona xa yena ezaziwa uncwadi zeSoviet uyaphila. Kodwa emva kokufa umfundi yayo oyintloko - Iosifa Stalina - slava Vasilevskoy ngokukhawuleza buphelile.

Childhood Vandy Vasilevskoy

Vasilevskaya Vanda Lvovna wazalelwa ngoJanuwari 1905 kwintsapho ezaziwayo-kakuhle ethnographer Polish kunye ubuzwe Leona Vasilevskogo.

Njengokuba uMphathiswa weMicimbi yaNgaphandle of Poland kurhulumente Pilsudski, uyise wayedume iimbono zakhe yobusoshiyali. Yaba nguye lowo nempembelelo ukuyilwa umlinganiswa intombi yabo nesidima olunye-.

Ubomi ePoland phambi Second World War

Umbhali elizayo bafumana imfundo esemagqabini. Ngowe-1927 wafumana idiploma ye-Faculty of Philology of the Jagiellonian University. Emva kokufunda Wasilewska wayehlala e Krakow, wafundisa kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. Lo mfazi lula ukwenza umsebenzi, kodwa endaweni wazibandakanya intshukumo olululo imikhosi eseleyo ePoland.

Ngowe-1938, umbhali amalungiselelo Ugwayimbo lootitshala elikhulu-scale, apho waye wokugxothwa enkonzweni. Kulo nyaka wenza hambo ngenkcazo ku Volyn. Ngokwesiseko izinto eziqokelelweyo kamva Vanda Vasilevskaya wabhala incwadi ethi "Flames kwi imigxobhozo."

Emva hambo Wasilewska wafudukela Warsaw, apho ndafumana umsebenzi kwi-ofisi umhleli amaphephancwadi zabantwana. Ekuhambeni kwexesha yakhe nanceba, waqhubeka ukwenza umsebenzi wayo revolution ngaphezu sabangela ingqumbo phezu inxalenye abasemagunyeni Polish, kwaye ilanga ekuphumeni kwalo entolongweni.

Yokushiywa eSoviet Union kunye War Enkulu Patriotic

Xa Germany Nazi yahlasela iPoland, Vanda Vasilevskaya wayefuna ukuba balishiye elo lizwe, kodwa abasemagunyeni wala ukukhupha yakhe visa kuba yaqhutywa nxamnye kwala malingo mabini. Emva koko ke unyawo umbhali boyise amakhulu km waza wafikelela eLvov, nto leyo eye yaba isixeko eSoviet.

Apha nangoko Wanda L. wathabatha ngummi eSoviet. Abantu abaninzi bayamangaliswa indlela Wasilewska sikwazi ukudlula zonke iimeko kunye nokubambezeleka ezinxulumene ngokuya evela ezinabantu, hayi kuphela nangoko afumane ubumi, kodwa waba ibamba of the Supreme yiSoviet USSR. Kwathiwa ukuba iosif Stalin ngokwakhe ukuba bancedise kulo.

Ukuhlala laseLvov, Vanda Vasilevskaya wabhala Ukulahla omtsha elizayo Major - evgeniya Bereznyaka. It Wasilewska wamgwebela kwizikolo Ukrainisation eLviv, ekholelwa ukuba oko kuchasene nomgaqo iqela. Kungenxa yeso senzo, Ukraine abaninzi abathandi kunye nombhali namhlanje.

E Lviv, waqhubeka umsebenzi wakhe boncwadi Vasilevskaya Vanda. Umbhali Book of trilogy yakhe edumileyo "Le ngoma phezu kwamanzi 'kuhonjiswe kulo mzi.

Nokufika imfazwe kwi ummandla waseUSSR, umbhali ufumene isikhundla wamajoni colonel waza waqalisa ukuya ngaphambili njengenxalenye amaqela ubuxoki. Ayephila waphawula ukuba rough, emabi Vanda Vasilevskaya, ngubani ndatshaya ngathi kwitshimini, yaye usoloko waya nebhulukhwe lamadoda, ngokumangalisayo isithethi emangalisayo.

Ngaxeshanye kunye nomsebenzi kukuphazamiseka Vasilevska umhleli ababesebenza oolindixesha ezahlukeneyo.

Ngowe-1942, Stalin wayalela Vande Lvovna ubhale ibali ngenxa phambi ubuxoki. Ngelo xesha umbhali inyanga kuphela. Noko ke, yena wenza - le bali "Rainbow" Vandy Vasilevskoy. Kunyaka olandelayo, lo msebenzi sele kwambatha kwi khusi, kwaye umbhali yanikezelwa kuye kuqala yakhe Stalin Prize. Imali yena wanikela kulwakhiwo-moya yomkhosi, "Warsaw".

Ukususela 1943 de kube sekupheleni imfazwe Wasilewska wakhonza umhleli oyintloko iphephandaba "eSoviet Poland."

Emva kwemfazwe, umbhali baphila e Kyïv, apho wafumana indawo eyahlukileyo zonke iinkonzo.

Le minyaka yokugqibela umbhali

Emva kwemfazwe, Wasilewska iye kabini bezinikezelwe i Prize Stalin. "Rainbow" kunye neminye imisebenzi hlanganisa kwikharityhulam yesikolo. Ngenxa yembono wamaKomanisi bungqinelwa, Vandu Vasilevskuyu wayesoloko ithunyelwe kuhambo loshishino aphesheya. Emva kwabo, umfazi epapashwe izincoko apho enemibala wachaza nendlela embi longxowankulu ephilileyo Europe nendlela abemi Soviet onwabe. Ngoko ke 'eParis nangaphandle Paris "yaye" Iileta ukusuka eRoma ". Kubulungisa kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuba ulahle yonke buvuvu eziswiti, umbhali ngokuchanileyo uqaphele ezininzi iingxaki post-imfazwe eYurophu, ingakumbi France.

Kakuhle ukutya kunye nobomi obonwabisayo Wasilewska yaphela kunye kokufa kukaStalin. Ngaphandle ngenkxaso yakhe enamandla nobuqaqawuli yombhali alukapheli. Wafa ngowe-1964, waza wangcwatywa Kiev.

ubomi Personal Vandy Vasilevskoy

Umbhali sele etshatile kabini. Indoda yakhe yokuqala yaba revolution Krakow Marian Bogatko. Kule umtshato yena wazalwa intombi kuphela umbhali-Eva, emva kokufa kukayise wakhe (1940) sathathwa Wanda kwi-USSR. Eva waba umguquleli, kwakunye umbhali yabantwana.

Umyeni yesibini Wasilewska waba umbhali Ukrainian Soviet Alexander Korneichuk. Kwake ukuba umtshato ayenxiba indalo nje yezopolitiko kunye nothando ekhethekileyo phakathi amaqabane wayengekho.

Vanda Vasilevskaya, "Rainbow": Isishwankathelo

Kuba kwinyanga edlulileyo, njengoko kwilali Ukrainian iintsapho ezimakhulu mathathu yaba ezandleni lwamaNazi. Ngeli xesha, abantu belali wafumana ithuba lokuba bahlupheka kakhulu. Best ekhaya kususwa kude abanini, leyo elahlwe esitalatweni ke, kwezinye ooronta kunye egcinwe amajoni German quartered. Iinkomo, iigusha, iinkukhu kunye nezinye izilwanyana zasekhaya ixesha elide kude, njengoko iiyunithi aseJamani bayalelwa ukuba wofika kwiilali anazo. Umsebenzi wokuqala kunye kwilali entle Malasha Vyshneva wadlwengulwa ngamajoni amathathu, kwaye balindele umntwana omnye wabo.

Lonke igunya kweli lizwe ngoku ezandleni umthetheli waseJamani Kurt Werner. Yena ulundwendwe umhlolokazi lasekuhlaleni Fedosov Kravchuk inkosikazi yakhe Pusey (wathabatha esikwidolophu ekufutshane, wathembisa ukuba kuzekwe, nangona uninzi umfazi, uLouise, kunye nomntwana eJamani).

Umphathi ugwetyelwe, wakhululwa entolongweni yi amaJamani ummi Gaplikov. umsebenzi wakhe - ukunyanzela belali ukunika abahlali zokusebenza, apho efihliweyo ingqolowa. Yaba nguye ofunda ngokubuya kwakhe elalini amane umhlolokazi Olena Kostyuk.

Njengoko waziwa kakuhle, umyeni wakhe wamshiya umfazi okhulelweyo waza waya ngaphambili, noElena kunye ukufika amaJamani waya wona ngokunomkhethe, eziquka elinesithandathu kumadodana, babaxhase de kwaba lixesha lokuba azale. Yathetha le nkazana, wabuyela endlwini yakhe, enethemba lokuba amaJamani wayengazi nto ngalo nto, kodwa into embi.

Kurt wazama ukucenga ukuba kunikezela phezu luqalile, kodwa umfazi bungayelelani. Ngoko ubusuku amajoni nqunu ngemoto ikhephu bayabethwa, kodwa yena akazange ukumnika. Belambile, kungahlala balimala umfazi itshixwe njengeshedi ebandayo.

Ummelwane Umfana ogama Teddy ibhere wenza indlela yakhe eya navimba yaye wayefuna ukunika lo mfazi isonka, kodwa waqaphela ngaashi wadubula. Umama amakhwenkwe Galina Malyuchiha ngasese weba umzimba unyana wakhe waza wamngcwaba eholweni.

Ngentsasa elandelayo ibambe intlanganiso apho umdala wathabatha bathinjwa amahlwempu ezintandathu, wathembisa ukuba uzibulale ngeentsuku ezintathu, ukuba abalimi musa ukunika ingqolowa asiyenzi owayengowakhe unyana uzama ukuzisa isonka luqalile abathinjiweyo. Noko ke, akukho namnye belali zange ukuzalisekisa iimfuno abahlali.

Ngelo xesha, a Olena, unyana uthinjiwe. Nangona iimeko ukwenzakala, ingqele, indlala, owoyikekayo, umntwana wazalelwa esempilweni. Emva kokubeleka, yabuya loo ntokazi ineempahla kuwanika. Kwaye ngoko Kurt wambiza ngemibuzo kuzama ukumbulala umntwana, wafuna ukunika luqalile. Lo mfazi ke bengavumelani, yaza induna wadubula usana lwakhe olusandul 'ukuzalwa, waza wayalela ukuba kubulawe unina wakhe.

Ngelo xesha Fedosiya Kravchuk esiva ukuba Olubomvu Army uceba ukuba kungekudala zikhuphe kwilali yabo waxelela kwamasoldati, yaye apho ingabekwa bahlaseli. Ngobo busuku, ezinye ngusibonda esele zifakiwe kwaye "uphumeza" kuye, bawaphose umzimba ibe eyomileyo kakuhle. Kusasa amaJamani yagqiba ukuba mdala ubalekile.

Ngosuku olulandelayo, ngenxa ilali wenziwe ikholam lamajoni kuthinjwa, lo mbono abahlali eloyikekayo. Noko ke, Ebusuku, i-Red Army iyasikhulula elalini. Kumlo inkululeko uyafa Malasha owabulala ngezandla zabo yi Kurt. Báthi ke wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni kunye namajoni kunye namanye belali yakhe. Ngaphezu ilali kukho umnyama ebusika esinqabileyo.

Izinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo of "Rainbow"

Ngoko nangoko emva kokupapashwa sale ncwadi zithandwa. Ngaphezu koko, amaphephandaba American enentsholongwane ngayo. A film self-nabafuna lathamba ezisekelwe kwibali nokuba ikhethiwe "Oscar".

"Rainbow" yabhalwa yonke imithetho ze isebenza: iinkcazelo ocacileyo inkohlakalo ezahlukeneyo amaNazi, abantu inkululeko, uTshawe kunye anobukroti amajoni-abakhululi. Nangona ulwimi lwayo olulula, imveliso lizele cliches zoncwadi. Inkoliso abalinganiswa ezifanayo kwaye unokuxelwa kwangaphambil. AmaJamani njenge esikhohlakeleyo, umhlwa lwenkohliso, umdala - avezwe bubugwala, umnikazi waseJamani - abaziziyatha namavila. intombazana bahlazisane esifa bangamaqhawe, ahlambe ihlazo labo ligazi. Women ngenkani kunye namaxhoba mntwana egameni sakhane kunye lula efanayo lokuzala, kanti iyure emva kokuzalwa sele ihlanjululwa asele utywala. Ukufa mpi anconywa njengoko kulungileyo kakhulu kwisiqalo yokuthinjwa iintloni yotshaba.

Kwakhona, kukho ukungangqinelani ezininzi ebalini. Umzekelo, amaJamani aba kule ndawo ngenxa inyanga, kodwa abazange bakwazi ukubala bonke abahlali. Kule lali, ecaleni apho zisebenza luqalile, leyo amaJamani abamoyikayo njenge nomphathi umlilo kokulindwa iyure akholosileyo, nokuba lula encircles isiginci umhlolokazi yakho abakhulileyo. Umphetho Malasha ndawo kuba ngomhla weshumi ngokupheleleyo uyazi ukuba ukhulelwe. Kwaye kokumitha Olena Kananjalo akuyi kakuhle. Umbhali uchaza iingxaki zeentsapho ukufuya abo zisemngciphekweni yindlala, kodwa wadla isonka, ukuba ayinike ukuya emkhosini.

Noko ke, nangona iintsilelo ezininzi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba eli bali, ebhaliweyo nje inyanga, "Rainbow" kubi kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, kwabhalwa ngenxa yeqhosha nimphakamisa ulondolozo umoya ngamaxesha emfazwe kunye nendima yayo kuzaliseke ngokugqibeleleyo, ukuba abantu abaninzi wokukhanya sokukhanya nethemba.

Vanda Vasilevskaya, "Nje Uthando"

Ngowe-1944, enye Wasilewska wabhala incwadi yakhe edumileyo osihloko sithi "Nje Uthando". Kuyo wazama ukutyhila amava yokomoya abafazi elindele ukuba amadoda abo ukuya emfazweni. Xa kuthelekiswa ne "Rainbow" lo msebenzi kakhulu nzulu luveza kwingcingane yamabhinqa emfazweni.

Ibali Umdlalo yeyona intombi, ofundileyo, uMariya, wayesebenza ngumongikazi. Yena, ngathi amawaka bakuthi zakhe, ulindele indoda yakhe Gregory ukusuka ngaphambili. Iyafika iindaba wokufa kwakhe. UMaria ukhathazeka kakhulu, kodwa ibhatyi yena kunye nexesha. Kungekudala emva kokuba iindaba kokufa Grisha ayilunganga, yaye ubuyela ekhaya. Noko ke, umyeni othandekayo kangaka mntu ulimeleyo ngaphandle, ukuba uMariya uqalisa ukuba kubonakale ukuba wayeka ukumthanda. Kodwa kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva emsebenzini umfazi lijongene nomhlolokazi, kutshanje besifele esibhedlele umyeni wakhe. Intlungu nempembelelo engaka kwi uMariya, ukuba ibona indlela wayemthanda yalo Grisha.

Ngoku babonakala ezininzi lixesha le misebenzi, nto leyo zabhalwa Vanda Vasilevskaya. Biography yomfazi eyaziwa ngokuba amahla ndinyuka, kodwa ngoku uye elide ixesha, kwaye ke kucacile ukuba lichaza kwiincwadi zakhe. Kodwa musa ukulibala ukuba ngelo xesha ibali Vandy Vasilevskoy wadlala indima ebalulekileyo uloyiso phezu Fascism.