Voytseh Yaruzelsky: engobomi, ubomi buqu kunye nemisebenzi karhulumente

Head of Poland, sezopolitiko edumileyo, umntu umdla Voytseh Yaruzelsky waba elide futhi engenakulibaleka kakhulu ubomi. Kubomi bakhe bobabini ithamsanqa, ukusilela, uloyiso kunye ezininzi iziganeko ezibaluleke hayi nje kuphela ngenxa lonke uhlanga, kodwa ukuze ihlabathi liphela. Buza ngubani Polyakov Voytseh Jaruzelski, kwaye yilindele impendulo ecacileyo ngqiqweni. umsebenzi wakhe elingafaniyo kakhulu, ukuba uvavanyo ecacileyo. Njengoko abemi namhlanje lizwe akakwazi ukuhlola ngokwaneleyo ixabiso ePoland, uninzi ummangalelwa zonke izono. ifanelwe isifundo eneenkcukacha kodwa ubomi bakhe.

Intsapho ebuntwaneni

Kwidolophu Polish Curuvija Julayi 6, 1923 usapho igosa lakomkhulu yasekuhlaleni, enomhlaba enkulu, wazalelwa unyana ka Voytseh Yaruzelsky. Le ntsapho imvelaphi kakhulu yamandulo, kwiinkulungwane 15-16 th Jaruzelski oyihlo phakathi abathwali Slepowron imifanekiso. Wojciech ukhokho wabandakanyeka kwimvukelo odumileyo Polish egameni nokubuyiselwa Commonwealth kwi imida endala. Ki ziye yisiwe 1863, Jaruzelski kunye notatomkhulu wakhe elubhacweni eSiberia. Kamva, le ntsapho wabuyela ePoland, kodwa okumangalisayo, imbali yosapho awayekade phindo.

Wojciech ebuntwaneni wachitha egameni Polish, xa wayeneminyaka engama-5 ubudala, waba udade oselula Teresa. Boy wathunyelwa kwisikolo elite yamaKatolika eneminyaka engama-6 ubudala, kodwa ngowe-1939 intsapho yakowabo yafudukela Lithuania, yaye yaba ukhetho ndini. Yena kokugqiba isikolo loo mfana zange abe nexesha.

kwabathile

Ngowe-1939, Lithuania ngenxa yesivumelwano phakathi USSR kunye Germany Nazi ke zathathwa yiSoviet Union ngenxa yesivumelwano kwi non-ndlongo. Kodwa xa kuhlasela German ePoland, urhulumente waseSoviet wagqiba ekubeni ngabandwendwisi besabelana inani elikhulu ungunyana wabanumzana Polish (njengoko ukungathembeki) ukusuka kwiBaltic States eSiberia.

Voytseh Yaruzelsky nentsapho yakhe waya besekhaya. Intloko-ntsapho wathunyelwa kwinkampu kummandla zeAltai, kunye nomama wam kunye nabantwana ababini baya ekuthinjweni kwi Turochak hlathi apho Wojciech wayesebenzela ngabagawuli bemithi. Iimeko abaphila akanakuyenza kuyela Jaruzelski kwamenza ukuba "snow ngobumfama". Kodwa ke, ngo yakhe, abantu balapha ukuba kakuhle kakhulu bawuphatha bayagxothwa. Wojciech bafunda ulwimi Russian kwaye watshintsha isimo sengqondo sabantu Russian. Wakhulela isithethe anti-Russian, aze ayigqithisele zeAltai, wadibana baninzi abantu abanyanisekileyo kakhulu owayezama ukwenza ubomi lula bafuduswayo.

Senior Jaruzelski ayikwazanga kuthwala onzima yaye kungekudala wafa, Wojciech bamngcwaba, wawusongela kwilinen endaweni iphephandaba "PRAVDA". Kungekudala wafa kunye nonina. Sister wathumela leenkedama, kwaye ikamva uMongameli Poland - ukusebenza Karaganda. Apho kwafuneka kusebenza emgodini, apho wonzakele emva kwakhe, nto leyo ngokwayo waziva lonke ixesha lokuphila komntu.

IMfazwe Yehlabathi II

Ngowe-1943 Voytseh Yaruzelsky bazibandakanya ngokuzithandela umkhosi we kwicandelo nomkhosi ye-Polish Kosciuszko. Aqeqeshwa kwi Ryazan elihamba School kunye nesikhundla uLieutenant waya ngaphambili. Waqalisa kunye umphathi webutho yaye ngo-1945 waba oyintloko nabagadi babaviwa abancedisayo kwabasebenzi nobuhlakani. Jaruzelski wathabatha inxaxheba isilwela kwinkululeko Warsaw, walwa kuLwandle lweBaltic, i Vistula, oder, iElbe. Kuba yeqhawe ufumene iimbasa ezininzi emkhosini, kuquka imbasa kakhulu ozukileyo Poland - Military yeqhawe (Order Wojenny Virtuti alitari).

impilo party

Emva kwemfazwe, Voytseh Yaruzelsky wahlala ekhaya. Ukususela ngo-1945 yena inxaxheba ekulweni umbutho ngokufihlakeleyo "Inkululeko Independence ', injongo ephambili kwawo kulwa ulawulo lweSoviet kunye nomsebenzi kunye nokurhoxiswa oluBomvu Army ukusuka kummandla Poland. Lo mbutho usebenze kunye Ukrainian Kabul Army, kunye namazwe Western kunye CIA ngokubonakalayo bacinezelwa amagunya asemthethweni ePoland ngenkxaso ye-USSR. Ngowe-1947 Jaruzelski wajoyina Communist Party, apho kamva ngonyaka yabizwa ngokuba Party i-Polish United Workers '. Wagqiba ukuba ubizo lwakhe emkhosini waza wangena Higher elihamba School, waza waphumelela i-Academy of General Staff.

indlela career

Emva kokuba Academy Jaruzelski ngokukhawuleza iya ephinde. Okokuqala wathabatha indawo yokufundisa kwi-School elihamba, ngoko ngokukhawuleza uba intloko amaziko zomkhosi zemfundo ilizwe iminyaka emithathu umyalelo kwicandelo imishini, ngoko likhokelwa liSebe loLawulo eliyiNtloko Political of Poland. Ngowe-1962 wamiselwa uSekela Mphathiswa woKhuselo, kunye neminyaka emi-6 kamva, waba uMphathiswa. Ngenxa yakhe eposini inxaxheba izenzo impikiswano ezinjengezo ngokuhlaselwa lwamazwe le Warsaw Pact, kodwa eyona nto eSoviet, eCzechoslovakia.

Ngo-70 uMphathiswa Jaruzelski usebenzise amandla nxamnye ubhavumo ethandwayo. Ekuqaleni, wanika umyalelo ukucinezela yombhodamo ebangelwa kukunyuka kwamaxabiso okutya. Amangalelwe ngayo kukuba omkhosi wokhuselo wadubula phezu demonstrators e Gdansk ngo-1970.

Jaruzelski ebesoloko laseburhulumenteni pro-Soviet, yaye wancedisa ukuyikhuthaza ukuya phezulu. velisa ngempumelelo yaye iqela umsebenzi Wojciech. Ngowe-1970 Jaruzelski - ilungu umgqatswa le Politburo, yaye ukususela 1971 - njengelungu Politburo of the PUWP. Ngowe-1981, koko wabubhekisa iBhunga labaPhathiswa of the People Polish Republic, ke, kule sikhundla, yena yathatha iinyanga nje ezimbalwa.

Xa eqeqesha Poland

Ngo-Oktobha 1981, Voytseh Yaruzelsky waba owesibini umntu kweli lizwe, wayiqhubela iKomiti Central eli qela ePoland. Xa waba yintloko iqela, ilizwe ikhula ngezikhondo zamehlo zentlalo. Oku kube negalelo ezininzi ezenziwa "solidarity" iyuniyoni wabiza ukuze buncothulwe Protectorate ye-USSR. Ukuphendula, eSoviet Union wayesandul kuncothulwa ukuya amajoni umda Polish, ebangela amathuba amatsha kudambe. Kulo meko, intloko Poland eyona Owaloyikayo ukuphazamisa kwilizwe labo, yaye ke ngoko bagqiba ukunyanzelisa umthetho karate eyathatha iminyaka emi-2. Urhulumente waqalisa intshutshiso kunye nokubanjwa yamatsha ntliziyo ukuxhathisa.

Ngowe-1985, Jaruzelski waba yintloko yeBhunga State, okt. E. Umntu ebaluleke kakhulu kweli lizwe. Iminyaka emibini wazama ukoyisa kudambe, kodwa ohlonelwayo. Ngaphandle kokuyaphula kwakhokelela ekubeni iziphumo zoqoqosho yeentlekele iqala ePoland, yaye oku kuphela ngezikhondo zamehlo zentlalo zakhula. Voytseh Yaruzelsky wagqiba ekubeni thethwano kunye namalungu "solidarity", yayinguye inkokheli kuphela mazwe Socialist. Camp, owenza linyathelo efanayo. Wahamba eziliqela kwiminyinyiva lwafuna abaqhankqalazi, kodwa zange ukusombulula iingxabano. Eli lizwe ngelo xesha kwi imeko enzima, waba ityala elikhulu lwangaphandle eSoviet Union kunye namazwe Western, uqoqosho ngenxa ulawulo olucwangcisiweyo nqabile, ikhula ukunganeliseki kunye ubunzima zobomi abemi abaqhelekileyo. A "solidarity", elikhokelwa Lech Walesa uqala ukuzisa kuphela kwezoqoqosho, kodwa iimfuno yezopolitiko.

Jaruzelski Kukholelwa ukuba ukusungulwa eentloko ezaxhobela Soviet ineziphumo ezibi kakhulu hayi kuphela lizwe kodwa ngenxa elimiweyo liphela, ke ngoko, ndiye ndazama ukuba zithetha-thethane yabaqhankqalazi. EPoland eSoviet Union yaba ilizwe ebaluleke kakhulu, zombini emazweni ngokwezopolitiko, ngoko iSoviet babekulungele ukuya kungena kuwo ukuba asindise umbuso wakhe, yaye oku, ngokutsho intloko Poland, kwakugcwele nje kuphela, kodwa kwakhona iMfazwe Yehlabathi.

"Voytseh Yaruzelsky kunye Cold War" - oku sesona sihloko zophando lekamva-mbali neenzululwazi kwezopolitiko, kodwa ke kucacile ukuba akazange afune into enjalo, ngoko bazama ukufumana isisombululo. Kodwa uthethathethwano akukho kukhokelele ekubeni iziphumo ezifanelekileyo, kwaye kwafuneka ukuba uyavumelana ukuya Ukubanjwa kunyulo lwentando yesininzi.

Kunyulo 1989 ukuya Sejm kunye gameli kunye umviwa single - Jaruzelski. Njengoko uMongameli Poland, kodwa ukusombulula iingxaki Poland ayaba nako kulo nyaka. Ngowe-1990 wagqibezela era wakhe, wavuma ukuya Ukubanjwa kunyulo lwentando yesininzi ngonyaka kwaye kufuneka ukuba wamkele abazange bathathe inxaxheba. Wema "kwi umqhubi" iminyaka 9 ubudala, ixesha bakhe kobunzima obuninzi, wazama ukuba kupheliswe ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo, kodwa inkoliso namanqwanqwa baba "ubuso" umbuso ndamthiya.

Life emva kwamandla

A lot of mathuba achukumisayo biography ichaza Yaruzelskogo Voytseha, kodwa emva yokurhoxa ubomi bakhe litshintshile kakhulu: ukusuka kumsebenzi enkulu noxanduva nto iseleyo. Iintsuku laphalala ngoxolo kwaye cwaka. Leh Valensa, njengoko kuchasene 'nabalingane' yazo kwamanye amazwe zangaphambili yali, akazange afune intloko yangaphambili Poland, nangona salapha wayefuna kakhulu. Jaruzelski kuyekiswe ubomi boluntu asebenzayo. Kodwa umntu akazange aliphumze izibonda, amaqela ezininzi ziye efuna ukumngenisa kubulungisa kumaxhoba le wokulwa. Kwaye ngo-2007, emva kokuba yonke inkundla eqala ukusebenzelana empini Jaruzelski zasibhozo noogxa bakhe. Inkqub elide kakhulu, yaye ngo-2011 inkundla yagqiba ukuba andulule ityala nxamnye intloko owayesakuba Poland ngenxa imeko yakhe nempilo.

Izihloko namabhaso

Ngoxa Wojciech Jaruzelski Witold ufumene iimbasa ezininzi. Yena ukhukhumeleyo bokuphumelela wamajoni: i-Order of Military yeqhawe, zihlangane nesibindi, umyalelo "Cross of Grunwald". Ukongeza, ukuba wawongwa inani elininzi amabhaso USSR kunye namanye amazwe yobusoshiyali.

Ngowe-2006 waba wawongwa Order "Cross abathinjiweyo" kumalungiselelo leyo Jaruzelski uthe wavuya ukuba uMongameli leh Kachinsky wakwazi ukoyisa bias kwangaphambili. Oku kwabangela livakale enkulu eluntwini. Lo umongameli Wathi, ukuba nje akaboni igama Jaruzelski likaThixo kuluhlu amabhaso, xa athe asayina ummiselo. Bandingcikiva Wojciech umva umvuzo.

Jaruzelski ukuba wonyuselwa isikhundla Jikelele Army, akukho ngeziqu kunye iimbasa, akazange anikezele kuye ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe.

impilo Personal

Voytseh Yaruzelsky, ubomi lakhe siqu Wayesoloko enomdla nezibonda, akazange anikezele nasiphi na isizathu intlebendwane namahlazo. Uye ukususela 1960 ndatshata Barbara Jaruzelski, esi sibini wazala intombi, Monica wakhula umzukulwana. Kwakubonakala ukuba wonke umntu kusapho lwakhe nje egqibeleleyo. Kodwa ngo-2014 ngehlazo isidumo. umfazi oneminyaka engama-84 ubudala sele usola Jaruzelski oneminyaka engama-90 ubudala ngokunxulumene umongikazi esibhedlele yaye uza kwifayile for umtshato. Wathi ukuba umtshato akavumelani. Uphuhliso kwihlazo ayizange yenzeke ngenxa ekufeni lowo wayesakuba ngumongameli.

Ukufa Memory

May 25, 2014 Voytseh Yaruzelsky, photo ogama wabonakala zonke eendaba ihlabathi, ufile. Ngaphambi koko, wabandezeleka omnye stroke, kwaye ukumelana neziphumo zayo, oogqirha nako. UMongameli wangcwatywa iimbeko ezipheleleyo emkhosini, kumsitho kuyo ngowayesakuba Polish nguMongameli leh Valensa kunye Aleksander Kwasniewski. Jaruzelski wangcwatywa necropolis ngamajoni Polish, nto leyo esenza izibonda amaninzi. In memory of bakhaya Voytseh Yaruzelsky ihlala phantse uZwilakhe, kodwa eneneni wazama ukufumana ungqinelwano phakathi inyathelo lwangaphandle kunye kuphikisana zangaphakathi kweli lizwe. Ngoku liya uyazi ukuba ePoland, kunye Jaruzelski nethamsanqa ukuba akazange avumele ukusekwa xi nzima pro-eSoviet kurhulumente.

iikowuteshini

Voytseh Yaruzelsky of Russia wayesoloko wathetha ufudumale olukhulu. Wayengenguye lweli elalisakuba yiSoviet akazange abe ngumkhuseli yobukomanisi, kodwa abantu Russian ubomi iphathwa kukoma. Wathi "ukugxothwa zeAltai watshintsha isimo sakhe sengqondo Russian." Voytseh Yaruzelsky, acaphula iintetho, leyo namhlanje zifumaneka kwizicatshulwa kwezopolitiko, wathi "isigqibo ukunyanzelisa nomthetho wemitshato ziya ijinga phezu isazela sakhe de ekupheleni kwemihla." Yena uyazi kakuhle ukuba ngokupheleleyo yengxinano izenzo zabo. "Andiqondi ukuba kukudinwa uxolo into embi," - wathi Jaruzelski.

anika umdla

Voytseh Yaruzelsky yayilawulwa uyindoda eqotho, ubomi bakhe bonke wahlala ethembekile ikhowudi amanene yimbeko. Ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe, akazange ukwamkela naziphi na mabhaso Polish, ngaphandle emkhosini, iimedali yokukhumbula. Uye kungabikho naziphi ezintlwini nezihloko, nobakhe ubomi wathobeka kakhulu. Phantse njalo Jaruzelski waya iiglasi mnyama, apho abantu kubalelwa kuye zenkohlakalo ezininzi, kodwa esi siphendu ukwenzakala ezinzileyo ngexesha ukugxothwa besekhaya. Wathetha ngokupheleleyo Russian, akazange asele, ukufunda okuninzi yaye umntu nangolwazelelelo kakhulu.