Wazuza Value Indlela in Management Project

Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, wonke umntu uzame esandleni sabo emsebenzini. Amathuba kukho ngaphezu izithintelo ngokwaneleyo ziba ezincinane, ukuze bonke kufuneka - lo mnqweno. Nangona kunjalo, kodwa eli akwanelanga. Vula ishishini lakho kwaye bonke abantu, kodwa uwugcine uqinile, ukuphuhlisa kunye kwangaphambili - iiyunithi. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka into engaphezu nje umnqweno, kufuneka ukuba izakhono eziyimfuneko ingqiqo njani ihlabathi ishishini. Ngokomzekelo, singakwazi ukulawula iiprojekthi - ngoosomashishini ezininzi yavelisa amagqabi musa ukusebenzisa naziphi na izixhobo zokulawula iiprojekthi abasebenza okanye baphantsi kwabo, ngaloo ndlela enze impazamo enkulu kakhulu.

Ukuba unayo ezinye izixhobo, ungenza kakhulu ngempumelelo ngakumbi ukumelana imisebenzi yabo. Kwaye ukuba akukho mfuneko ukuba ube yingqondi yoqoqosho - jonga nje Management Value ndayizuza. Kulawulo lweprojekthi, it ikuvumela ukuba kufikelelwe ngempumelelo enkulu kunye nokuchaneka, kodwa kulula aphantsi nolufikelelekayo. Yintoni indlela ixabiso zuza? Oku yintoni eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

Yintoni na?

Esuke ixabiso indlela - inkqubo iindlela evumela ukuba iliso nokulinganisa ukusebenza yeprojekthi xa kuthelekiswa isicwangciso esekwe kwangaphambili. Le ndlela isebenzisa Iimpawu kumanani multiple ukuba zidibanisa ifomyula ze uvumele wena ukhethe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ngokucacileyo zibonisa imeko projekthi nangaliphi na ixesha elinikiweyo sexesha, yintoni ebangela ucwangciso okanye ngaphambi curve kufikelela ligqithisile kuhlahlo lwabiwo, kwakunye yintoni na iziphumo ezilindelekileyo kwi ixesha iprojekthi ligqitywa kwixesha ekuvunyelwene, ngoku ebizwa osikiweyo.

Ukuba sithethe ndikhulile, indlela ixabiso efunyenwe ngenene ithandwa kakhulu - isetyenziswa yonke, naphakathi ndlela kubhaliwe kakhulu ngokubanzi asetyenziswe practice. Nkulu baxhamla kule ndlela ayilelanga kuphela kwayo ngendlela elula, elubala kunye nokufikeleleka, kodwa nsimbi. Isibakala sokuba uyakwazi ukulisebenzisa ngokupheleleyo nayiphi na inkalo kunye nayiphi na iprojekthi inzaliseko kabani na okanye abasebenzi bakho. Noko ke, enoba elula okanye le ndlela, kuyimfuneko nangoku bokuvavanya kwaye cinga lo mkhuba ngoko iza kusetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo kuzo zonke iimeko. Kweli nqaku Ndiya kuhamba ngamnye Izalathisi ezisetyenziswa kule ndlela, yaye ekugqibeleni umzekelo olula ziza kuboniswa, nto leyo eya kukunceda ubone ngokucacileyo le ndlela isebenza ngayo.

PV

Njengoko usazi, indlela ixabiso efunyenwe ikuvumela ukuba ukubala emva ishedyuli okanye ngaphambi curve, ngokunjalo mali. Ngako oko, le izibalo kufuneka data ekhoyo ekrwada, nto leyo ke kuya kuxoxwa. Inyathelo lokuqala ukujonga isalathisi ekuthiwa PV, leyo imela "umthamo ekucwangciselwa yena." Akukho okunzima apha ayikho - eli nani kanye into ebonisa igama layo. Le iindleko ibiqikelelwe ye imisebenzi ekufuneka yenziwe ngaphakathi projekthi - ngamanye amazwi, oko mali yephulo. It lixabiso ethile kwaye libalwa na fomyula. Kakade ke, eli nani liya ngokubonakalayo esetyenziswa ekubaleni i yamanye Izalathisi ezisetyenziswa kwisakhelo kwale ndlela. Wazuza Management Ixabiso ikuvumela ukuba ukuqikelela ngokuchanekileyo izinto ezinxaxhileyo kunokwenzeka kwi-mali. Nangona kunjalo, yintoni xabiso yazo?

eV

Esuke Management ixabiso kulawulo lweprojekthi kulungile kuba likuvumela ukuba ukuvavanya zonke iinkalo projekthi kunye neempawu ezithile ze ukuphunyezwa kwayo. Kwaye oko kunokwenziwa, umzekelo, ngokusebenzisa zesi salathisi, leyo kwisihloko indlela yonke. It zuza ixabiso, kodwa yintoni na? Ukuba umthamo ezicwangcisiweyo yayilula ngokufanelekileyo kwaye tye, yonke akucacanga kakhulu kunye Value efunyenweyo. Isibakala sokuba oku sisalathisi echanileyo, kunye novavanyo - libhekisela yeendleko okucwangcisiweyo ezo imisebenzi kuphela, ezibe zenziwa phantse ngathi ingongoma ethile kule projekthi. Ngako oko, le salathisi ebalwa ngokuthi lihlole ubungakanani umsebenzi iye yenziwa ngaphakathi kwiprojekthi - baza banikwa loo mali ibalwa ngokunxulumene noko izicwangciso mali loo mzuzu ethile. Xa amazwi, oku kuvakala kunokuba nzima, kodwa unako ukuqonda. Ukuba ayide icace kakhulu, nto leyo ithetha ixabiso zuza, ngoko ufanele ulinde kwizifundo zesehlo ngokusebenzisa indlela yolawulo lweprojekthi ixabiso zuza, nto leyo eya kuthi ichazwe kamva.

AC

Njengoko ubona, indlela yolawulo lweprojekthi ixabiso efunyenwe - ayikho nje iseti yamanani ezahlukeneyo, oko uthungelwano ubudlelwane eya kukuvumela ukuba uhlaziye ithwalwa ngayo lo msebenzi. Kodwa oku kubalulekile ukuqwalasela kwakhona kwenye parameter eziphambili - ixabiso elililo. Njengoko kunjalo kunye nomthamo ezicwangcisiweyo, ixabiso kulula kakhulu ukuqonda. Ngokwenene, oku sisixa ingongoma ethile kwixesha ekuthethwa xa projekthi zachithwa ukuphunyezwa kwayo. Xa ufumana zonke ezintathu iparameters, uyakwazi ukuthatha ubudlelwane phakathi kwabo, nto leyo ke isitshixo, injongo isiseko apho kwaye kukho indlela ixabiso efunyenwe ulawulo lweeprojekthi. Iinjongo zale ndlela ilula - ukuthelekisa ubungakanani bomsebenzi eneneni Zenziwe neendleko okucwangcisiweyo kwaye kanye uthelekise kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali ekucwangciselwa yena. Kwaye ukuba, wena ngoku zonke izixhobo eziyimfuneko.

SV

Ngoko ke, lixesha lokuba ukuqwalasela ayisafani le ndlela. indlela ixabiso efunyenwe isetyenziswa ikakhulu ukufumanisa iindleko mali kwemfuneko ngokunxulumene nemali umsebenzi owenziwa. Enyanisweni, ngenxa yale kwaye isetyenziswa, emele "ukutenxa kwishedyuli." Oku kubalwa ilula - sisalathisi PV ukuba sisuswe index eV. Kuthetha ukuthini? Oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka uthathe umqulu awayecwangcisiwe ixabiso efunyenweyo. Ukuze uqonde ukuba umsebenzi owenziwa abasebenzi kuthelekiswa kangakanani ke kwafuneka enze ngalo mzuzu phantsi ingqalelo. Ngokufanelekileyo, engenaxabiso ibonisa emva ishedyuli kwaye ezakhayo - it phambili. iiprojekthi zophuhliso Indlela isicelo kwi kwibakala yoyilo lo, ngazo unomdla - oku kuthetha ukuba ungayisebenzisa ngosuku lokuqala, ngolweshumi kunye yokugqibela. Kwimeko nganye kwezi ntsuku zale projekthi, le ndlela iya kukunika ulwazi luncedo.

CV

Eli nani efana kakhulu kulowo ezidlulileyo - ngaphandle ungabinako atshintshe ecaleni evela kwishedyuli, kwaye kwibhajethi. Ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye lisenza izibalo zalo kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa ezinye iparameters. Njengoko ngaphambili, kufuneka uthathe kude ixabiso efunyenwe (eli nani, njengoko igama ndlela kubalulekile), kodwa eli xesha itsaliwe imali okucwangcisiweyo kwaye kwezi ndleko sezibhaliwe umsebenzi. Ngako oko, ukuba ixabiso besisamkela ngaphantsi kwama ndleko yokwenyani - bachitha imali ngaphezu acwangciswayo ingongoma ethile, ukuba ngaphezulu - phezu koko. Ezi zikhombisi ezimbini zibalulekile ukuze nomphathi weprojekthi nganye, ngokukodwa lokulungiselela lwabo nokusebenzisa ndayizuza Management Ixabiso. Nangona kunjalo, hayi kuphela neziphawuli ungenza ekugqibeleni ufumana.

CPI

Yeyiphi iseneemposiso indlela efunyenwe ixabiso olungumgubo lweentsana? NoMthetho weMfundo eSisiseko iingqiqo neendlela zabo ukubala, ungumntu osele nolwazi - ngoku lixesha lokuba sijonge inomfana isihlobo yokusebenza. Umzekelo, isalathiso yokusebenza ngokwalo - oku a umdla kakhulu khetho ukuba aya kukuvumela ukuba ubone ngokucacileyo indlela wena ngaphambi kwexesha okanye kuwa emva kwabo. Kuyo ngesi salathisi kufuneka ukuba ayahlule ixabiso ayamkeleyo kuhlelwa. Isiphumo kunokubonwa njenge inani iqhezu - okanye ziguqulwa zibe neepesenti ukubonakala ngcono. Isiphumo yaba yeyo- izinga kwangaphambili njengepesenti isantya ezicwangcisiweyo. Imizekelo uya kubona kamva, uya kuqonda xa iprojekthi ethile.

SPI

Njengoko kunjalo kunye kwisibini yangaphambili, SPI index umntu ufana ongqingqwa index CPI. Into yokuba kwakhona isalathisi isalamane, kodwa eli xesha ke akathanga ukubonisa isantya projekthi, kunye neendleko ze-mali. Ukuba CV wabonisa nakweyiphi na imali ethile underspend mali okanye ibhange, injongo yale khetho - ukubonisa yimalini echithwa kwi dollar ezicwangcisiweyo. Isiphumo apha kuba dollar enye (ukuba ibhajethi iyathotyelwa ikhulu pesenti), kunye namashumi asixhenxe anesihlanu eesenti okanye dollar enesiqingatha. Ngokubanzi, esi salathisi luphela ukuvavanya indlela kukuchitha okanye inkcitho-mali.

ezinye iinketho

Nantso zonke izalathisi ezingundoqo ukuba kufuneka siyikhumbule xa usebenzisa indlela yolawulo lweprojekthi ixabiso ndayizuza. Umzekelo kuyabonakala sele ukuqala ngoku - kodwa kubhetele ukuba ndokha ndihlale sibone isibini ezizakubonisa enokusetyenziswa kwinqanaba yobungcali ngakumbi, ukuba ufuna ukufumana iziphumo eneenkcukacha. Umzekelo, iingcali nazo ukungenisa figure BAC, okuhambelana isixa-mali ngenxa yonke iprojekthi - nokuba ezinye i parameters zivela kuyo. Kuyinto sisalathisi i-EAC, leyo imela "novavanyo kokugcwalisa." Ikubonisa ungalindela ntoni uhlobo iindleko ukufumana ngenxa yale projekthi ngalo ngqo mzuzu. Ukuba Isalathisi yangaphambili kunceda ukuba uhambe ngexesha elinye, oko imeko projekthi nangaliphi enikwe ixesha, mzobo (yaye kamva) kakhulu kuya kukunceda ukuba abale data eyethutyana ngexesha ekugqityweni kweprojekthi.

Ngenxa yoko, uvavanyo lokugqitywa kubalwa ngokwahlula-hlula isixa esibhajethelwe ukwenzela ixabiso index ye imisebenzi. Njengoko ukuseta njl, libonisa ukuba uvavanyo ekupheleni, oko kukuthi, wobeka iza kuthatha ukugqiba le projekthi. It ibalwa ngokuthabatha ukusuka uqikelelo ekupheleni ixabiso elililo yonke imisebenzi. Kaloku, enye parameter - VAC. Oku kuphambuka nokuzaliswa kwale mali, oko kukuthi khetho ekuvumela ukuba ukubala usukaphi kulindeleke ukusuka mali ngexesha ekugqityweni kweprojekthi. Luyafumaneka ngokuthabatha ukusuka isixa uqikelelo mali ukugqibezela. Yiloo nto kufuneka bazi ngale ndlela - ngoku lixesha lokuba ukuqwalasela umzekelo ethile.

isicelo Umzekelo

Ngokwendalo, qha wokuqala nale ndlela akukho sizathu ukuthatha nayiphi na iprojekthi real - kungcono ukuthatha omnye umzekelo lula ukuba uza kwenza intetho ngokucacileyo nganye iimeko ezichazwe ngasentla. Ngoko ke, eli projekthi zilandelayo - oko kuyimfuneko ukwakha iindonga zone, kuchithwa imali $ 800 iintsuku ezine. Le nto yonke inkcazelo ukuze kufuneka kule nkqubo. Kulo mzekelo, indlela ixabiso efunyenwe lisetyenziswa kwi kwinqanaba seliza kugqitywa kusa, oko kukuthi, ngosuku lwesithathu projekthi.

Kuphela ezimbini kweendonga enesiqingatha, kodwa uhlahlo lwabiwo 560 dollar yachithwa yakhiwa ngeentsuku ezintathu. Bekuya kubonakala ukuba ungaphantsi kwama izicwangciso - kodwa wenziwa ngaphantsi umsebenzi. Ngoko ukuba abasebenzi bahlangabezane kakuhle ekwenzeni umsebenzi wayo? Kulapha ukuba wena ukunceda ngale ndlela. Okokuqala kufuneka ibattery izikhombisi ezintathu ezingundoqo - PV, eV and AC. I $ zokuqala 600, kuba ngomhla wesithathu sihlelwe ukuchitha kwangangoko. II - 500, ukusukela ukuba kungakanani kufuneka ichithwe ekwakhiweni kweendonga ezimbini ezinesiqingatha. Kodwa sesithathu - $ 560, oko kukuthi indlela umsebenzi echithwe ekwakhiweni kweendonga ezimbini ezinesiqingatha ngosuku lwesithathu projekthi. Kwakhona, sinako nangoko qaphela inani BAC - kuba $ 800, kwibhajethi iyonke le projekthi. Kulungile, lixesha ukubala ecaleni - ixesha nendleko. 500 thabatha 560 zeerandi - thabatha $ 60, oko kukuthi, ibe phezu kwaba mali kangaka ibhange. $ 500 thabatha $ 600 - ukufumana thabatha ezilikhulu zeerandi, oko kukuthi, akukho nto emva schedule. Lifikile ixesha lokuba angafaka amanani ngakumbi echanileyo, oko kukuthi, ukubala CPI kwaye SPI. Ukuba wohlula $ 500 ukuya-560 zeerandi, ufumana 0,89, oko kukuthi, omnye dollar ichithwe endaweni 89 eesenti - dollar ngalinye uhamba zatshatyalaliswa of eesenti 11. Ukuba wohlula $ 500 ukuya $ 600, ufumana i-0.83 - okuthetha ukuba izinga inkqubela ye projekthi ubalelwa 83 pesenti izinga lalenze isicwangciso kuphela.

Yiloo nto - ngoku umelwe kukuba zonke iziphumo ezingundoqo kwaye sinengcamango yintoni karhulumente iprojekthi wakho ngemini ethile ukuphunyezwa kwayo. Ngoku ke kunokwenzeka ukuba ukubala i parameters aseleyo - EAC, njl njl kunye VAC. Ngokusekelwe ekupheleni - oku 800 umahlule ngo 0,89. Kubonakala ukuba eli zinga le projekthi ekupheleni yexabiso eliqikelelwayo imisebenzi $ 900 endaweni 800. noVavanyo ukugqibezela - 900 thabatha 560, oko kukuthi 340 zeerandi. Oko kuya kufuneka ukuba bayigqibe le projekthi kuqikelelwa kangakanani. Kaloku, ukuphambuka lokugqitywa kuya kuba 800 thabatha ama 900 - thabatha $ 100, oko kukuthi, i-mali ibhange nekhulu eerandi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, efunyenwe indlela ixabiso kusetyenziswa inqanaba le projekthi, zingohluka kwezo ngasentla - le ndlela ubhetyebhetye kwaye zingasetyenziswa kulo nakweliphi na ibakala.