Yabemi Tyumen - isixeko esikhulu industrial eSiberia

Tyumen - iziko lolawulo Tyumen Oblast. Esi sixeko yokuqala ekwahlala Russian eSiberia. Malunga abaphila ubomi nendlela abahlali abaninzi Tyumen namhlanje, into abayenzayo, sinokufunda ntoni kweli nqaku.

Imbali igama leso sixeko

Apho isixeko igama layo? Kweli nqanaba kukho okucingelwayo ezahlukeneyo. Ngokutsho kwabanye, igama "Tyumen" livela ingcamango zamaTurkic of "Tumen", gama elo elithetha "ishumi lamawaka." Kwabanye, unxulunyaniswa Bashkir "tumende", Oko kuthetha "ngezantsi". Kukho kwinguqulo igama Tyumen ifumene ukusuka Tatar yamandulo Chimgen-Tours, gama elo elithetha "isixeko endleleni." Ukuze ixesha elide bekukholeleka ukuba kuvela amagama amabini zamaTurkic "Usale", intsingiselo ukungazibandakanyi, yaye "myana" - impahla, kunye - impahla yam.

Geographic indawo sezulu Tyumen

Tyumen yasekwa kwinxalenye Asian eRashiya phezu promontory phezulu, phakathi ezimbini imilambo West Siberian - Tura (isebe Irtysh) kunye Tyumenka, singqongwe nompleyini kunye namahlathi ezinde. Namhlanje, indawo idolophu 83,13 square metres. km.

Esi sixeko kwindawo yokothula imozulu nzima, ngenxa yokunqongophala kweentaba Umntla nomzantsi. Apha a ebusika nzima elide kunye zasehlotyeni kunokuba elifutshane. Ukungena rhoqo Arctic khona umoya okanye umoya olulophu emaqeleni Kazakh neentlango of Central Asia, imimoya efudumeleyo emanzi evela Atlantic, ukuba atyhudise, ezintabeni phambene, yenza sezulu Tyumen eziguquguqukayo kulo nyaka.

Imbali Tyumen isisekelo

Esi sixeko yasekwa ngo-1586 yi-Cossacks, wathumela ngabasemagunyeni ukuba ukukhusela ilizwe Urals eziyinxalenye zikarhulumente Russian ukusuka iyangena-mkhosi ye aseSiberia Khanate, ezivele ngenxa yokwaphuka Golden mkhosi. Ngowe-1563, emva kokuba amandla, Khan Kuchum ayehlasela AmaTatar kummandla Russian ukwanda. Enye amabutho Cossack phantsi umyalelo Ataman Ermak ngo-1852 sabangela umonakalo elibalulekileyo le AmaTatar, capturing ikomkhulu Siberian Khanate - Kashlyk. Umkhosi ka Khan Kuchum kwanyanzeleka ukuba siphumele. Yonke ukuba imimandla oyisa eSiberia Magistrates baphuma eMoscow.

Ngowe-1586, ecaleni emanxuweni Tatar city Chimgen-Tours, inqaba omtsha wayebekwe khona. Ngoko ke wazalwa eSiberia, sisixeko sokuqala Russian of Tyumen. Inani labemi ekuqaleni kwaba encinane. Bazinza apha abatoli, Cossacks, abantwana izinduna '. Kufuphi kweendonga ezinqatyisiweyo eyagcina Posad.

Inani labemi wakhula Tyumen ngokuxhomekeka kwiimeko yangaphandle, ukwandisa ingozi imfazwe. Esi sixeko ixabiso ikakhulu ukuzithethelela. Tyumen waba inkampu yokukhusela urhulumente Russian emazweni emathafeni nezizwe amadlelo owenza behlasela zabo de phakathi kwenkulungwane XVII.

Amaxesha ephambili yembali kuphuhliso Tyumen

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVI, emva wakuvakala umthetho wokumkani ekuphuhliseni urhwebo eSiberia ekuziseni eBukhara yakhe nge Tyumen waphuphuma ngabahambi. Oku nako, kodwa kuchaphazela uluntu. Tyumen waqalisa ukukhula ngokukhawuleza ngeendleko yabathengisi azinza apha. Ekuhambeni kwexesha iye yaba liziko ebalulekileyo kwindlela yorhwebo ukuya eMpuma Central Asia.

Ngokutsho imithombo ezibhaliweyo emidala, "iincwadi sentinel", abemi Tyumen ngenkulungwane yokuqala XVII yaba bantu 500. Isiqingatha kubo xa abantu akhonza. Kwisixeko kukho abalimi abaninzi abafuna ukhuselo emva iindonga yokuhlala ezinqatyisiweyo

Esi sixeko sakhula. zokuhlala wabonakala, wakha yoonongendi kunye nezindlu. Tyumen zomthi ngokuphindaphindiweyo babona umlilo ngumlilo. Kodwa kwakhona, ndafa ke, otstraivaya kwakhona. Growing ndawo kunye nalo inani labahlali. Tyumen, abemi kwi XVII kade - kwekhulu XVIII waba abantu ngaphezu kwamawaka amathathu, yajika yaba liziko yorhwebo enkulu eSiberia.

ukwakhiwa Stone yaqala ngenkulungwane XVIII. Ibhulorho yakhiwa ngaphesheya komlambo Tyumenka, zakhiwe iitempile ezintsha. Siqalise ukwakha izakhiwo yezitena.

Kwinkulungwane XIX Tyumen waba enkulu mveliso, unokwakhela kunye neziko kwezolimo eNtshona eSiberia. yenzelwe khona kwaye ivule umkhumbi lokuqala yaseSiberia. Tyumen port yabizwa ngokuba "yesango eSiberia" ngenxa imali yonyaka enkulu.

Tyumen ngenkulungwane XX

Ngenkulungwane XX Tyumen yaba liziko woshishino omkhulu of Western eSiberia kuphuhliso imikhumbi, ngethwathwa, iinkuni, amaplanga, ukuloba kunye noshishino kwikhaphethi-ngokufaka. Esi sixeko iibhanki ezininzi. Tyumen abarhwebi ngenkuthalo wasebenza lonke eRashiya nakwamanye amazwe. ngonyaka ngamnye ngoJuni e Tyumen yalungiswa ezu yorhwebo enkulu, yaziwa kulo lonke eSiberia.

Ngenkulungwane yokuqala XX yabemi Tyumen ifikelele 30 amawaka abantu. Ubukhulu becala babehlala apha abarhwebi nabathengisi. City ashicilelwe, indawo yemiboniso, isekisi. Ibambela isigodlo, amabandla-18. amaziko emfundo ziye zasekwa.

Kumaxesha Soviet, Tyumen waba iziko lephondo. Ngenxa kwafunyanwa imali enkulu yezimbiwa - oli negesi yendalo - isixeko fumene ubume kweziko enkulu zolawulo, ukusuka apho kolawulo enye enkulu oyile negesi izakhiwo eli lizwe.

Population Tyumen namhlanje

Zingaphi abahlali abahlala Tyumen namhlanje? Ngenxa sophuhliso sesizwe ngcembe kumacandelo yokuvelisa nezamashishini ezinkulu, kokugunyaziswa kwamashishini amatsha, uphuhliso lwezibonelelo, iinkonzo zentlalo, idolophu enomtsalane eluntwini.

Ngokutsho uphando lwezenhlalo, ngo-2015 Tyumen waba umxholo phambili umgangatho wobomi eRashiya, emana Kazan, Krasnodar, nkqu eMoscow. Zonke ezi zinto zinegalelo yokuba abantu ukhula chu Tyumen. Ekupheleni kuka-2015, ngokutsho iingcali, kwakukho ubomi 714 lamawaka. Man.