YaseYiputa yamandulo. Unyaka wokwakhiwa kwesinye isimo eYiputa

Ephakamileyo malunga neenkulungwane ezingama-40 ezedlulileyo eAfrika, impucuko yaseYiputa ingenye yeyona ndlela endala kwaye iyimfihlelo emhlabeni wethu. Kakade ngelo xesha, kwiibhanki zeNayile, kwakukho urhulumente nenkolo yakhe, inkcubeko kunye nentlangano. Ukuqhubela phambili kwinqaku uza kufunda imbali kunye nomnyaka wokwakhiwa kwesimo esisodwa eYiputa kunye nemimandla karhulumente.

Protostates

Igama elidala laseYiputa lisetyenziselwa ukubhekisela kummandla wembali apho impucuko yaseYiputa yayikuyo. Unyaka wokubunjwa kwelizwe elimanyeneyo eYiputa alwaziwa ngokuchanekileyo. Impucuko yasendulo yavela iminyaka eyi-6 000 BC kwiibhanki zomlambo iNayile. Ngaphesheya komlambo kwakukho iindawo zokuhlala okanye iiproto-states eziye zaphazamisa ukuphuhliswa okuqhubekayo kwe-Egypt ephezulu nasezantsi. Eli xesha likhethwe ngabaososayensi njengengaphambili-dynastic.

Ngenkulungwane yesihlanu kwakuneendawo ezingaphezu kwama-amane ezahlukileyo ezenziwe kwinqanaba lomlambo. Ngaphambi kokubunjwa kwelizwe elilodwa eYiputa, inani labantu base- proto-states basebenzayo. Umzi ngamnye wawuzimeleyo. Inani labantu babandakanyeke ekulimeni umhlaba kunye nokulima kwezolimo. Indawo eyimpumelelo eyenziwe yenzeke ukuba inxaxheba kwizorhwebo. Ngaloo xesha, iprogram yekhoboka yavela. Amakhoboka athatyathwa, athunjwa ngenxa yemikhosi yempi.

Unyaka wokwakhiwa kwesinye isimo eYiputa

Ukuphuhliswa kwezolimo kunye nokuveliswa kweenkqubo zokunkcenkceshela kwenze ukuba kube lula ukulawula ukunkcenkceshwa kwemimandla ephakathi kunye nokulula kakhulu ubomi babemi basekhaya ngokukhawulezisa ukubunjwa koburhulumente. IYiputa yaseYiputa yayisisithuba sokuhlala esizimeleyo, esilungelelaniswe kwiinkampani ezinkulu. Ummandla wasemazantsi wawuse-Upper Egypt, kwaye inyakatho yayingaphantsi kweYiputa.

Isikhathi esivela kuso ukuqala kombuso waseYiputa, sinalo igama elingu-dynastic, kuba nguye otyhila ubukhosi beminyaka yamashumi amabini ama-pharao. Phakathi kwabaphandi kucatshangelwa ukuba elinye ilizwe laseYiputa lenziwa malunga ne-3 000 leminyaka ngaphambi kwexesha lethu. I-Egypt ephezulu kunye nezantsi ihlanganisiwe, kwaye i-capital capital yaba ngumzi waseCheni okanye i-Tinis (kwisiGrike sasendulo). Kukho isiphakamiso sokuba zombini iinxalenye zaseYiputa zihlangene kwaye ziphinde zahlukana ngaphambili. Imithombo eyahlukeneyo inikeza amagama ahlukeneyo kumlawuli owadala uMbuso waseYiputa, mhlawumbi kwakuyiMadoda, ngamanye amaxesha abizwa ngokuba nguMing.

Ulawulo oluphezulu loluntu

KwiYiputa yamandulo, uFaro wayengumlawuli opheleleyo. Amandla akhe ayingenamkhawulo, wayebhekwa njengomlawuli oyintloko kunye nomlawuli wamazwe aseYiputa. Kwakukho inkolo ekhethekileyo kaFaro, kuba wayechongwa nguThixo. UFaro kuphela onokumisela abantu ukuba bathumele, bathethe abafundisi, kwaye babone isigwebo sokufa. Umlawuli ngamnye onezinto ezibonakalayo: ibherevu yokufakelwa, amabhonkco ezandleni, ingxowa yengonyama.

Intsapho kaFaro yayinqanaba eliphezulu lezentlalo. Isandla sokunene sikaFaro sasisikripthi. Wayelawula imali, impahla kunye neendawo zokugcina. Ingxoxo, amagosa kunye nababhali babemi kwinqanaba lesibini - ezi ziindawo zentlalo yaseYiputa. Emva kwabo, kwi-social hierarchy babemi baphristi - abacebisi beeharahara kunye nabalawuli beetempileni kunye namacawa enkolo. Bonke babengumgangatho wokulawula uluntu.

Ukuqhubela phambili kwi-hierarchy yayingamajoni, alandelwa ngabagcisa. Abaculi babephantsi kolawulo lwarhulumente kwaye bafumana umvuzo ngqo kwi-treasury. Banikwa imisebenzi ethile. Emva koko kulandelwa abalimi, basebenze ikakhulu kwimigodi yokunkcenkceshela. Isinyathelo esiphantsi sasimelwe ngamakhoboka.

Inkcubeko YaseYiputa yaseYiputa

Ilifa lemveli leYiputa elidala likhulu kakhulu. Ngokubanzi, ubugcisa buphuhliswa njengenkolo yonqulo. Imisebenzi emininzi yadalwa ngomfi. Eyaziwayo ehlabathini lonke, iipiramidi zaziyiindawo zamangcwaba, okanye izindlu ezixhamlayo zamaharahara kunye neentsapho zabo.

Ilifa lezakhiwo zakhiwo zetempile kunye nezindonga, umzekelo, iThemor Temple. Ubugcisa obuhle buyimfuziselo. Imizobo eetempileni, amangcwaba, iingxande zangaphakathi zihlala zibandakanya imidwebo kuphela, kodwa i-hieroglyphics. Nangona kunjalo, amaYiputa ayesebenzisa iipende, ezifanayo kumgaqo wanamhlanje. Lawa ayenamabala engokwemvelo, afana nesothu, amalahle, ubhedu kunye ne-iron ores, exutywe kunye nexabiso elithile elinikezela i-viscosity yabo. Umxube wamiswa waza wahlukana, kwaye unamanzi ngamanzi ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa.

Kwakukho inkqubo yeenkolelo nezithethe ezazihamba nazo. AmaYiputa ayengenayo inkolo ethile. Kunoko, kwakukho amasiko amaninzi. Kulowo uthixo kwakukho itempile, apho bezanga khona imihla ngemihla, kodwa ba tyelela itempile kuphela ngeeholide. Ababingeleli babeqhuba imikhosi kunye neeholide zenkolo.

Isiphelo

Siyabulela ukulungelelanisa kakuhle kunye nophuhliso lomlambo umlambo weNayile kunye nentlangano enobuncedo babantu, amaYiputa asekuqaleni akwazi ukudala isimo esinamandla. Iingcali zesazinzulu azikwazi ngokucacileyo umnyaka wokwakhiwa kwelizwe elinye laseYiputa. Nangona kunjalo, kungathiwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba impucuko yaseYiputa yangaphambili yashiya uphawu oluphawulekayo kwimbali yoluntu.