Umlambo oMnxweme ngowokuhlala kwimpucuko yasendulo

Umlambo ophuzi, othetha ngesiTshayina uthe "umlambo ophuzi" - enye yemilambo emikhulu e-Asia. Eli gama lidibaniswa nenani elikhulu leediphozithi, ezinika amanzi alo ngqatha. Ulwandle, apho umlambo ugeleza khona, unombala ophuzi kwaye ubizwa ngokuba yiNtsundu. Imvelaphi yayo iqala ezintabeni zaseTibet, kumthambeka osempuma weentaba, kwindawo ephakamileyo yee-4 000 zamitha. Ukongezelela, umlambo uqala ukuhla ezintabeni, udlule kwiilwandle ezi-2 ezifanelekileyo (iJarin-Nur ne-Orin-Nur) kwaye wehla entlameni kunye neentlobo zeentaba zeentaba. Lapha uwela i-desert plate (iLoess ne-Ordos) kwaye ubeka intsimbi enkulu. Emva koko umlambo ulandela kwimigodi yeentaba zaseShailand kwaye uphambuka kwi-Great Plain. Nanku ubude balo bungaphezu kwama-700 ekhilomitha. Umlomo womlambo u kufuphi neBa yeBahia. Ummandla woMlambo oMlambo u-770,000 wamakhilomitha anesiqingatha, kwaye ubude bawo malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-5 000.

IJografi yoMlambo Ophuzi

Umlambo ophuzi eChina uphuma kwiiphondo ezi-7: iShandong, Shaanxi, iHenan, iMongolia yangaphakathi, iQinghai, i-Ningxia-Hui kunye neGansu. UMlambo oNgcini uhlukaniswe ngamacandelo amathathu: iindawo eziphantsi, eziphakathi kunye nephezulu. Iyokuqala ku-Plain Great of China. Umyinge ophakathi kwephondo leShaxi kunye ne-Ordos board. Oyena ophezulu - ukusuka kwimithombo kwiPlateau yaseTibetan ukuya kwiLessess Plateau. Umlambo oMnayile ungomnye wezona zinzulu kwihlabathi. Umlambo oMlambo oMlambo unika amanzi okusela, amashishini kunye nezolimo ukuze angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-140 zabantu. Umbhede wayo uhamba ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ushiya amabhanki. Izikhukula zivelisa iintlekele ezininzi, eziye zazalelwa ngokuzalwa kwegama lesibili lomlambo - "ingxaki yeChina". Kodwa iziganeko ezichaseneyo nazo zaphawulwa, umzekelo, kwiminyaka engama-90 ekhulwini lokugqibela, uMlambo oMnxantye ngaphezu kweyodwa unomile kwiindawo ezikumantla.

Umkhukula oMlambo oNgcini

Kwiminyaka eyi-3 eyiminyaka, uMlambo oNgcini ngaphezu kwamawaka anesiqingatha ngamawaka ukusuka kummandla wonxweme kwaye utshintshe ulawulo lwamaxesha angama-26. Ukukhusela ekukhuseleni kuMlambo oNgcini, ezininzi zamamamitha kunye nemijelo yokukhutshwa yakha, okwangoku, ayitshintshe imeko kumlambo. Uphando lwezenzululwazi zaseMelika lubonise ukuba izakhiwo azigcini nje kuphela ukuyeka ingxaki, kodwa zize zitshutshise, ukususela kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-3 leminyaka abantu baye bavala umlambo ngoku. Izakhiwo ze-hydraulic zinciphisa ukugeleza komlambo, ngaloo ndlela zivusa iifomethi ezantsi. Ngenxa yoko, amanzi aphakama kwakhona, kwaye amandla omkhukula ayenyuka rhoqo ngamaxesha. Abantu bayakha amadama anamandla nakwiimitha ezinzulu, kodwa uMlambo osenyakatho uza ngokubanzi kunxweme. Umzabalazo onjalo phakathi komntu nomlambo unokukhokelela kwimiphumo engalindelekanga.

Imbali yoMlambo Ophuzi

Imephu yamandulo yabalawuli bokuqala baseTshayina ibonisa ukuba uMlambo oNqamle ugeleza ngasentla kumjelo waloo nto. Ngo-2356 BC , umkhukula wenzeke kuwo, uMlambo oMnxantsi utshintshe ngoku kwaye waqala ukugeleza kwiGili Bay. Emva kweminyaka engamawaka amabini emlanjeni waqala ukwakha imigodi yamanzi kunye namadama, kwaye yaqala ukugeleza kwiLwandle oluBomvu. Enye yamaqhinga empi yama-dynasties ayimfazwe yayiyikhukula yemikhosi yintshaba okanye imimandla yayo. Ngaloo ndlela, ngo-11 AD, umkhukula wabangela ukuwa kwe-Xin Dynasty. Kwakhona, izakhiwo ze-hydraulic zachithwa ngo-923 ukwenzela ukukhusela umkhulu weLiang Dynasty ekuhlaselweni kobukhosi bukaTang. Ukususela kwiminyaka yesibini leminyaka AD River River (Yellow River) uqobo lwawo lwaluqhekeza ngamadama. Esinye sezikhukhula ezinamandla kunokwenzeka ngo-1887, sathi abantu abayizigidi ezi-2.

Ubomi bomlambo obomvu

Urhulumente woMlambo oMnxantye unomso. Ukususela ngoJulayi ukuya kuOktobha, amanzi aphakama ukuya kuma-5 emitha kwi- Great Plain, kwaye kwiindawo eziphakamileyo zingakhuphuka ukuya kumitha engama-20. Umlambo ukhululeka phakathi kunye nezantsi. Kwimizuzu engaphantsi ukuya kwiiveki ezi-3, ngokuqhelekileyo-kwiinyanga ezimbini (ngoJanuwari noFebhuwari). Umlambo obomvu unyaka ngamnye ufikelela kwiitoni ezigidi eziyi-1.9. Ngokwale nqondiso, umlambo ukhokelela phakathi kwemibhobho yamanzi yehlabathi. Ngoko kwintlaba kwezinye iindawo indawo engaphantsi ingakhuphuka ibe yi-12 mitha ngaphezu komhlaba. Umlambo obomvu unemizimba yamanzi kunye nobude beekhilomitha eziyi-5 000, ukuphakama kwawo ngezinye izikhathi kudlula i-12 mitha. Ngexesha lokukhukula, amanzi anendawo ebanzi ukuya kuma-800 km. Ukuthunyelwa koMlambo obomvu ikakhulukazi kwi-Plain Great. Ubude bezithuthi ezihambahambayo ziiikhilomitha ezingama-790. Umlambo omnxweme uxhunyiwe ngumzila kunye nemifula yaseYangtze neHuaihe.

Ubume kunye nokutyelela koMlambo obomvu

Umlambo ophuzi unomdla kakhulu kwizityalo kunye nezilwanyana. Wonke umntu ulangazelela amanzi. Ngokomzekelo, kuphela kwi-delta yayo ihlala kwiindidi zezilwanyana ezingama-1542 kwaye zikhule iintlobo ze-393 zezityalo. Kumgangatho ophakathi koMlambo oMnxweme ngowona manzi amakhulu kumlambo, iHukou, ubude beemitha ezingama-20. Ububanzi obuqhelekileyo bempompo ngamamitha angama-30, kwaye ngexesha lokukhukula, lifikelela kuma-50. Ngezantsi kweHukou liwa elikhulu elikhulu elihlula umlambo libe ngamacandelo amabini. Kwiindawo ezisentabeni zomlambo kukhona indawo yokugcina indawo kazwelonke - iSanjiangyuan. Kukho 2 amahle amachibi entaba ephakamileyo. Kukhangeleka kakhulu kubaseTshayina ngokwabo, nakubakhenkethi abavela phesheya. Unyaka ngamnye izigidi zabantu ezivela kulo lonke ihlabathi ziza apha.