Yeyiphi ioli wamgalela kulo injini ukuze ebusika?

Ebusika, xa ezingakhiyo ubushushu air injini lokuqala nzima kakhulu ngakumbi. A ukuqalelisa, ingakumbi diesel kufuna ombane aphezulu yokusebenza iinkqubo kunye nomqhubi nomonde. Ukwenza kube lula ukuba skrola crankshaft, kuyimfuneko ukwazi kakuhle ukuba luhlobo luni na oyile ukugcwalisa ukuba ubusika injini yemoto.

izincomo lomenzi

Kuqala xa ukhetha i ukuthambisa ajikeleze yasebusika kufuneka ujonge iingcebiso lomenzi. imoto nganye iza yesikhokelo, apho umenzi ibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba uhlobo yeoli ukuba uthululele ubusika le modeli (apho brand kwaye zeziphi iinketho). Ukuba incwadi inkonzo nangasiphi na isizathu okanye kungekho lwazi kuwo akukho ezifanelekileyo (umzekelo, amanqaku ezinjalo sezishiywe lixesha kwaye engasekho kuveliswa), ulwelo kuya kufuneka ukhethe, ngokusekelwe imida kunye nokumelana. Xa bethe mabaphume umhla, kunye ukusifaka ezi mfuno ukuba kulanda, ngoko ke kufuneka sihlolisise ngakumbi imeko imichiza yemarike iimoto, ekubeni kuya kuba lula ukuthembela kuphela ngokwabo kwaye ulwazi lwabo. Kwangaphambili kufuneka acacise ukuba akukho mfuneko zisaya kuthenga, ngokusekelwe ngencam umthengisi okanye ingxelo omaziyo. Ngelishwa, umthengi avareji ayinakuba eqinisekile izakhono kunye nemfezeko yabathengisi, yaye umhlobo inokuba umatshini ezahlukeneyo, ukwenzela ukuba kufanelekile "kuginya 'inokuba ukhetho lwakho lukhulu.

Iintlobo oyile motor kumafa yemizimba yethu

kusetyenziswa ekuqaleni yezithuthi kuphela ioli motor bezimbiwa. Igama "izimbiwa" uthetha ukuba ngokwayo - oko kuthetha ukuba ulwelo yenziwe izithako zemvelo (oyile). Kodwa oyile bezimbiwa ngenjini ubusika ngokucacile musa ukungena, ingakumbi ezo ndawo apho lobushushu iwela ngaphantsi kweqondo -10 Celsius - nje ngumkhenkce kwi injini.

Emva koko yasekwa ioli zokwenziwa injini ngokusebenzisa amagama molecule ukunika ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi efanayo parameters xa ukutshintsha kwamaqondo obushushu ukusebenza.

Kukho abajongelwa njengoko oyile semi-zokwenziwa. Le isiseko yendalo kongezwe amalungu angengowamvelo.

uhlobo ngalunye zinezibonelelo zawo nezingalunganga. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ubume izimbiwa ye kulwelo olubalulekileyo kodwa ukusebenza kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi, kodwa ococa injini ukusuka elitshisiweyo kusombiwa kancane kancane, otslaivaya "inkunkuma" oonina ezincinane. Ngoko, xa sithatha nje umboniso zokusebenza.

Semisynthetics abe nenkani utshintsho ubushushu, kodwa le oyile kwi injini ebusika kwakhona ayifanelekile, ekubeni phantsi ubushushu Ungeno iphezulu kakhulu, xa zijongwe kwi ithermometer.

Le fluid eyenziweyo ethandwa zibalwe ngenxa amaqondo ezahlukeneyo (ngokuxhomekeke belebhelisha), kodwa singalahlekani iimpawu zayo zokusebenza ngexesha ubushushu okanye Ukupholisa kwinjini, ndoxelelwa ngubani ukuthetha, zokwenziwa 'ilungiswe'. Kodwa ukuba injini ngaphambili kusetyenziswa libya okanye engafanelekanga xa iqatyiwe "chemistry", yaye wambu ngaphakathi elitshisiweyo eqina kwaye ke uthuthu, i okukhawulezayo kwecala "trash", kangangokuba iivesi oyile kunye lokucoca kwenzeka xa nokusebenzisa zokwenziwa ezikumgangatho ophezulu amanqaku. Kwaye kwangoko kufuneka ahlawule ukuba alungise injini, akufanele eqolo. Ngoko ke ukuba awuyazi into obuphalazelwe ngaphambili yaye oko angako amawakawaka leekhilomitha ezihanjiweyo ngaphandle replacement, kungcono uthululele injini zokucoca amanzi, uze emva koko nakwioli entsha, kunye imijikelo eziliqela emva ukwenza indawo kaninzi ngaphezu ngokwemilinganiselo yakowayo.

viscosity

Xa ukhetha luni oyile ukuzalisa ebusika, kuqala sonke simele sinikele ingqalelo viscosity - yenye yeempawu ezibalulekileyo kwintsebenzo lesithambiso.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba iinxalenye injini xa usebenza miri nxamnye omnye komnye ngesantya esiphezulu. Phakathi kufuneka lubekhona zibe film oyile leyo, kwelinye icala, uya kunciphisa amandla ukukhuhlana, yaye ngoko, zokufudumeza banxibe, yaye kwelinye icala, ziya kuqinisekisa yengxinano yi zochuku (umz, iisilinda). Ukuba oyile injini ebusika ziya kuba elingqingqwa kakhulu, oko kukuthi, baya kuba viscosity ephakamileyo, le nkqubo iya kunikwa yonke into nzima, efuna iinzame ukwandisa kunye nokusebenza nzima imveliso injini kuya kuba phantsi. Ukuba oyile ibhityile kakhulu, kuya kumpompoza nje phezu iindawo ngaphandle kokunikezela interlayer phakathi Pistons kunye neendonga lombhobho, ngamanye usukuzwano bonakale metal ziya sona.

Iqondo lobushushu ukusebenza kwe-injini esoloko itshintsha. Ukuba umatshini lowo, ubushushu ilingana lobushushu voice. Xa injini ukufudumala phambi kokuya off, ubushushu liphuma kancinci. Xa uqhuba kuxhomekeke imigudu injini inokuba kuvuka kuwa kule nkqubo. Kwaye ke nanku umbuzo, hlobo luni neoli kakhulu ukusetyenziswa ebusika, ukuba sikhula engqeleni, yaye xa itshiswa kuba ulwelo.

Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko olupheleleyo ngamaxesha abandayo kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi i oyile kufuneka ulwelo ngokwaneleyo ukuze lula injini lula ukuqala kwaye uphephe yindlala oyile, kunye nokunyuka kwamaqondo yokusebenza, kufuneka ibe zamafu ngokwaneleyo ukudala umboniso yeoli.

Ucalulo yamafutha motor kwi æ

American Society of Automotive Iinjineli iseke lucalulo viscosity oyile, nto leyo ngoku kusetyenziswa ehlabathini lonke. Sithetha ngayo ngakumbi.

amafutha ebusika

Ngaphambili, umbuzo olunjani neoli kakhulu ukusetyenziswa ebusika, nkqu emi phambi wabaqhubi. Impendulo yaba engagungqiyo - ebusika. Ngokutsho yokuhlela æ uchongwe yi unobumba W emva kokuba ixabiso lwedijithali (winter - "ubusika"). Nokupakishwa kubonisiwe: æ 0W kunye æ 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W. Inani phambi W waxelela umthengi malunga ubushushu singasongwa ukumelana ioli, ngaphandle ebangela umonakalo package amandla. Phambi kokuba umqhubi ebusika wavelisa ukuba kukho utshintsho oyile xa iimeko zemozulu efanelekileyo kummandla wakhe, enoba kangakanani waqengqela phezu igrisi elidlulileyo. ioli ebusika hayi anquma kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kodwa abe ezingcakacileyo kakhulu xa ubushushu.

amafutha ihlobo

Xa zokonga kophawu oyile digit æ okhethwe nje (5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40). Kwakuthetha ukuba iqondo lobushushu threshold eliphezulu apho ulwelo zingasetyenziswa. I eliphezulu lobushushu lomoya ehlotyeni kummandla, isalathisi ngakumbi kufuneka ukuthenga ioli, ukuze kuhlala viscous ngokwaneleyo apha bubushushu.

namafutha multigrade

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ezi ndidi grease, njengokuba ehlotyeni okanye yasebusika oyile, abasekho, njengoko ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa ioli multigrade. Kulula kakhulu ukusingatha, akukho mfuneko ukuyenza replacement inyanzelekile phambi ixesha nganye entsha, sifuna ioli kunye kucalulo ezahlukeneyo brand efanayo njengoko ezidlulileyo. ioli multigrade uchongwe yi amanani amabini kunye neleta W phakathi kwabo. Umvo wokuqala ubhekisela "nobusika" yokusebenza fluid (buxhomekeke kuyo, hlobo luni oyile ukugcwalisa ngenxa ebusika), kwaye eyesibini - i "zasehlotyeni". Le igrisi jikelele, Kakade ke, nemigubasi lobushushu eliphezulu nolusezantsi, kodwa elowo ungakhetha ngokuchanekileyo ioli oluya abonela ulungiso olufunayo. Kule ebusika, oko kuya kuba yinto fluid, kwaye ehlotyeni iza kugcina viscosity yayo.

Ukukhethwa yamafutha æ zokuhlela ukuba imozulu ethile

• Sae 20W-40 - -10 ukuya +45;
• Sae 15W-40 - -15 ukuya +45;
• Sae 10W-40 - -20 ukuya +35;
• Sae 10W-30 - -20 ukuya +30;
• Sae 5W-40 - -25 ukuya +35;
• Sae 5W-30 - -25 ukuya +20;
• Sae 0W-40 - -30 ukuya +35;
• Sae 0W-30 - ukusuka -30 ukuya +20.

Njengoko kubonakala ukusuka kuluhlu, kubemi ezinezinga ziingcathu ofezekileyo Oil 5W40 ebusika, kuba kulula ukunyamezela amaqondo aphantsi kwaye zingabi sasinga ngexesha esotha. Basenokuba ngokuphepha unyaka wonke.

Ukuhlelwa oyile injini njengako API

American Institute of amafutha wadala omnye Ukuhlelwa, ekufuneka ingqalelo xa kukhethwa ioli ebusika. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le salathisi ibonakalisa umgangatho lesithambiso. Abavelisi kungeyomfuneko ukuba ukujonga imveliso yawo API nasemva ulwazi malunga nayo kwileyibhile, kodwa kaninzi ke ulwelo ihlwempu-umgangatho ayilwamkeli le nkqubo. Ekubeni umqhubi ngamnye uzama ukuba agalele ioli kakhulu ebusika, kufuneka ukhangele ukuthambisa ajikeleze kule salathisi.

Kwindlela API iye izihionipho ezimbini eziphambili. Ileta S uxelela umthengi ukuba le oli kuphela iinjini ipetroli unobumba C ingxelo ukuba esingamanzi zinokuzaliswa kuphela xa injini diesel. Ngamanye amaxesha iphakheji inokufumaneka uphawulo kabini, elijongeka ukususela - S ... / C ..., okanye ngoko - C ... / S ... Kwimeko yokuqala weoli ezilungele emotweni petroli, kodwa umenzi ivumela ukusetyenziswa kwayo iimoto idizili, kwimeko yesibini - phezu koko.

Kwaye ngokuhlelwa S, kunye nokuhlelwa kufuneka ezongeziweyo iparameters ezibalulekileyo xa sikhetha uhlobo yeoli ukuba ugalele ebusika.

Ukuze engines olingene

• SA, WO, SC, SD, SE, SF - iiklasi ziphelelwe engasekho kusetyenziswa. Le oyile, nto leyo efanelekileyo injini 1930-1989 gg. ukukhululwa.
• SG - ioli iinjini eyenziweyo ukususela 1989. Ekhusela injini nxamnye elitshisiweyo umhlwa kunye namachibi.
• SH - injini amafutha ngo-1994 woyekelelo. ukhuseleko oluphuculweyo ukusuka ungcolisa, umhlwa, kunye namachibi, kunciphisa iinxalenye banxibe. Ifanele ukuba iklasi SG ekucetyiswa kwaye ngezantsi.
• SJ - ioli injini phantsi 1996. Inazo zonke iimpawu edlulileyo, awongamileyo antinagarny ezintsonkothileyo, ngakumbi umsebenzi ngqo kule ngqele. Ifanele ukuba SH ekucetyiswa kunye neklasi asezantsi.
• SL - ioli multi-nokufakelwa kwiinqwelo iinjini eyenziwe ukusukela ngo-2000. ulawulo umgangatho Ukwandisa, ifanele kwiimowutha Kunconywa iklasi SJ kunye ngezantsi.
• SM - oyile motor mihla (ukususela ngo-2004). ukhuselo kuphucuke ukusuka yokonakala ngaphambi kwexesha beqokelela iidipozithi. Le oyile injini efanelekileyo zonke injini, leyo ekucetyiswa udidi igrisi ngezantsi. Namhlanje ke ioli ilungileyo motor ixesha lasebusika.

Ukuze diesel

• CA, CB, CC, CD, CE - abadala iiklasi.
• CF - engines ukususela ngowe-1990 kunye inaliti ngqo. Iqulethe kwezithako ukunciphisa ungcolisa, umhlwa, igcwala afake. Unako ukusebenzisa iklasi CD ekhuthazwayo.
• CG - engines emva 1995 release, ezo phantsi layisha phezulu. Avtomasla inqande iidiphozithi umle igcwala kunye nokusekwa amagwebu.
• CH - Injini oyile ukususela ngo-1998. Inazo zonke iimpawu ngasentla, kodwa ngaphezu idibana imigangatho yetyhefu gas zeemoto.
• CI - class, yamkelwa ngo-2002. I oil nayo yonke imigangatho zokusingqongileyo, uye additive wokucoca. Oku kwehlisa imali uthuthu lweziko kunye coke, abe nokuchaza fluidity kwalo. I-oyile injini ilungileyo le busika iinjini diesel entsha.

Inani 2 okanye 4 emva kokuba ixabiso lwealfabhethi ibonisa ukuba injini - kobetho ezimbini okanye nobetho ezine - igrisi efanelekileyo.

Ukuhlelwa oyile motor for ACEA

ACEA - analogue le API, European kuphela. Ileyibhile ngokuqhelekileyo ibonisa ulwazi njengako nayiphi na enye yezi zokuhlelwa, kodwa awufumaneki.

• Le leta G ibonisa ukuba ioli ilungele ukuba injini ipetroli, kwaye amanani ukusuka ku-1 ukuya kwisi-5 uthini umgangatho wayo.
• PD iileta zibonisa ukuba ioli kufanelekile diesel iimoto abakhweli, amanani-1 no-2 abonisa umgangatho.
• Le leta D kunye amanani ukusuka ku-1 ukuya kwisi-5 ithetha ukuba kuzakuthothisa ilungiselelwe injini diesel isigadla.

Yintoni ekufuneka yenziwe phambi ebusika

Ngaphambi kokuba ucinge luni na oyile ukuzalisa ebusika, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba imoto ilungele imithwalo aphezulu namaqondo asezantsi. Oku kuyinyaniso ngokukodwa ke kosomashishini iimoto idizili, nto leyo ngokufuthi kufuneka bangayeki "inkonjane 'yabo kwindawo yokupaka iimoto okanye kufutshane nendlu aziqalele ngokunokwakhe zokumisa izithuthi zikawonke.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwaye into yokuqala - ibhetri kwaye motor starter kufuneka zikwimeko esebenza kakuhle! Ukuba uneengxaki encinci kunye ibhetri ekwindla, ebusika ziya kuvela phambi kwakho kwisayizi amakhulu. Emva kokuhlola ezi macandelo Ungayisusa kwi nelokucinga ngoko uhlobo yeoli ukuba ugalele ebusika, kodwa hayi nje i-oyile injini, kodwa ugqithiso, kulwelo yokuqaba kwi ibhulorho kunye steering (ukuba akhona). Kwakhona iyahluka phezu iinguqulelo ubusika nokubanda kunye ifestile fluid. Kwimeko yokuqala - ukuba amanzi akuthethi ngumkhenkce kule nkqubo, ngelixa yesibini - ukukhusela ukubonakala ezilungileyo ngoxa uqhuba.

Gqiba Kuphela onjani ioli kuhle ukugcwalisa injini yenu ingabi khona ebusika, kuyimfuneko ukuba uye kuhla iivenkile kunye iimveliso zololongo imoto. uhambo Happy!