Yeyiphi isixeko Russia yenqaba imikhosi Mongolian ngexesha waquleka?

Mongol-Tatar lihlaselwe sabangela umonakalo omkhulu kuphuhliso kwezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho kunye nezenkcubeko Russia. Ukuhlaselwa abasemathanga Central Asia yabangela iliza yokunganyangeki yabantu bethu. Nangona kunjalo, abemi ezithile zokuhlala ababethanda ukuba anikezele ngaphandle umlo onqatyisiweyo,, owaphuma kule kukrakra maxa wambi basinda. Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni kwizixeko Russia yenqaba imikhosi Mongol?

IMVELAPHI Mongol ukuhlaselwa Rus '

warlord Great Mongolian Genghis Khan waseka umbuso omkhulu ogama ummandla lidlula ubungakanani zonke de naseburhulumenteni ngoko. Nkqu ngexesha lokudla kwakhe ubomi aweza amadlelo ahlasela kwizikhewu loLwandle Azov, apho Battle of the Kalka River wahlasela umkhosi Russian-Polovtsian. Kukholelwa ukuba kukho kwesimo e amandla, eyenzelwe kwacaba ngakumbi Mongol-AmaTatar indlela eya eMpuma Yurophu.

Injongo kuloyiso kwabantu baseYurophu wabelwa inzala unyana ka Genghis Khan, Jochi, neyabelwe ukuba libe ulus lilifa ntshona bukhosi. Isigqibo ukuba bahambe ngasentshonalanga senziwe vsemongolskom Kurultai ngo-1235. Xa intloko Mongol umkhosi omkhulu wayengunyana ka Jochi Batu Khan (Batu),.

Okokuqala phantsi koxinzelelo-mkhosi bakhe bawa Khanate Bulgarian. Emva koko wasuka nemikhosi yakhe oozilawuli Russian. Ngexesha ngokuhlaselwa Batu babebanjwe izixeko ezikhulu Russia, njengoko kuya kuxoxwa ngezantsi ngokweenkcukacha. Kancinane abahluphekayo ngakumbi yaye abahlali kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni, kuba izityalo zazixovulwa, kwaye abaninzi babo babulawa okanye bathunyelwa ekuthinjweni.

Ngoko ke, makhe sibone oko kwisixeko Russia yenqaba amabutho Mongolian.

Abanya of Ryazan

Eyokuqala izixeko Russian Mongol amandla nempembelelo wakubona Ryazan. Ekhusela isixeko wakhokela Prince Ryazanskiy Yuriy Igorevich, lowo bancedwa umtshana wakhe Oleg I Ryazan.

Emva kokuqalisa kokungqingwa Ryazan wabonisa mangaliso ubuqhawe ezigcinwe ngokuqinileyo isixeko. Bona angaphumelela ngempumelelo ehlasela Mongol zingaphelanga iintsuku ezintlanu. Kodwa ke nangezinto bazisa izixhobo zabo zokungqinga, ezithe bafunda ukusebenzisa, ukulwa ngakumbi China. Ngezi maziko zobugcisa bakwazi bazigunguxule iindonga Ryazan kwaye ndiwuthimbe lo mzi iintsuku ezintathu. Kwathi ngoDisemba 1237.

Prince Igor Y. wabulawa ibanjwa Oleg Ingvarevich athathwe labemi Ryazan ngokuyinxenye bazixhela, ngokuyinxenye babalekela emahlathini, yaye esi sixeko zitshatyalaliswe ngokupheleleyo yaye andizange ngaphezulu kule ndawo khange zibuyiselwe.

ukuthatha Vladimir

Emva kokuthatha i Ryazan phantsi koxinzelelo Mongol yaqala ukuna, nakwezinye izixeko. State eRussia ngokohlobo oozilawuli ngenxa nokuqhekeka yawo nako ukunika ekwalile efanelekileyo yotshaba. Mongols zafakwa Kolomna kunye eMoscow. Ekugqibeleni Tatar impi weza kwisixeko Vladimir, ishiywe phambi Prince wakhe kaYuri Vsevolodovich. Abemi baqala ukulungiselela angqingo enzima. isixeko Vladimir eRashiya yamandulo yaba liziko enkulu lwezoqoqosho kunye nelwezopoliko, kwaye Mongols wayiqonda ukubaluleka kwayo zobuchule.

Iinkokeli esemqoka wesixeko engekho uyise wathabatha oonyana i-Grand Prince of Vladimir kunye Mstislav Vsevolod Yurevichi kunye Voevoda Potr Oslyadyukovich. Kunjalo, uVladimir yayiphelela kwiintsuku nje ezine. NgoFebruwari 1238 wawa. Le abavikeli yokugqibela apho esixekweni yathatha bazimela emiqolombeni yamawa nasemingxunyeni kwingcinga Cathedral, kodwa zibanika ziphole elincinane kuphela ekufeni. Kwinyanga kamva, ukoyiswa lokugqibela Prince Vladimir of Russia uYuri Vsevolodovich esisetyenziswe emlanjeni City. Kule idabi wabulawa.

Kozelsk - "Abangendawo City"

Xa lo mbuzo akavuswanga, imizi Russia yenqaba imikhosi Mongolian, qiniseka ukuba bakhumbule Kozelsk. ukumelana kwakhe zobuqhawe kufanele wangena iincwadi kwimbali yelizwe lethu.

Phambi ekuqaleni kuka-Apreli 1238 ukuba Mongols kufika kwidolophu encinane Kozelsk leyo Sasilikomkhulu ubulawuli ozimeleyo, ibekwe ezweni Chernigov. Prince nguVasili apho iintlobo ezilishumi Olegoviches. Kodwa nangona ubukhulu bayo, kwaye ebuntwaneni yomphathi, Kozelsk waba ukuxhathisa inde kwaye lithemba le Mongols zonke iinqaba Russian, phambi zidityanisiwe. Lula ku Batu athimba kwizixeko ezikhulu Russia, kunye nale idolophu encinane yakwazi ukuthatha kuphela ukubeka kweendonga zayo bungaphezu kweekhilogram ezingamawaka amane ezikhethiweyo amajoni Mongolian. Nasekuxinweni iiveki ezisixhenxe.

Ngenxa ixabiso kuyabiza kwafuneka ukuba ahlawule ngenxa ngokuthatha Batu Kozelsk, wathi kweli xesha ukubiza ngokuba "isixeko ububi." Lonke bakhona zibulawa. Kodwa ngenxa umkhosi Mongol kwanyanzeleka ukuba abuyele emathafeni, ngaleyo ndlela kuthathe ukufa ikomkhulu Russia - Kiev.

Ukufa Kiev

Noko ke, kule elandelayo 1239 i Mongols baqhubeka lohambo lwabo asentshona bebuyile emaqeleni, babamba wabatshabalalisa Chernigov, kwaye ekwindla 1240 weza eKiev - unina izixeko Russian.

Xa xesha yayilikomkhulu Russia ngokusesikweni kuphela, nangona ihleli sixeko sikhulu. Ezilawulwayo Kiev Prince Galician-Volynskiy Daniil. Lawula umzi, wayibeka tysyatskogo wakhe Dmitriev, awonisa ukuziphendulela Mongols.

Ngu iindonga Kiev waya phantse wonke umkhosi Mongolian, abathatha inxaxheba kwiphulo yasentshona. Ngokutsho kweminye imithombo isixeko akwazi ukubamba ngaphandle iinyanga ezintathu, kwelinye - wawa ngeentsuku nje ezisithoba.

Emva kokuba kuthinjwe Kiev Mongols ihlasela iRussia e Compostela, apho ingakumbi nokumelana banenkani ukuba Danilov, Kremenets kunye Hill. Emva kokuba kuthinjwe kwezi dolophu ukoyisa yi Mongols ilizwe Russian ingathatyathwa zigqityiwe.

Imiphumo ngokuthatha izixeko Russian of Mongols

Ngoko ke ndicinge ukuba zeziphi imizi Russia yenqaba amabutho Mongolian. Baya ubunzima evela Mongol lokuhlasela kakhulu. Labemi okusemandleni abo ukuze bathengise ebukhobokeni, yaye okubi - luyanqanyulwa ngokupheleleyo. Ngokwabo njengoko isixeko anyukayo yadilizwa emhlabeni. Noko ke, abaninzi babo ikwazile ukwakha kamva. Noko ke, ukuzithoba kunye inzaliseko zonke iimfuno Mongols njengoko imbali ibonisa, akuqinisekisi umzi, ukuba wayeza kuhlala ihleli.

Noko ke, emva kweenkulungwane ezimbalwa, izilawuli Russian waya esomelela, sithembele kuquka sixeko, yaye bakwazi kwakhona uthiyiweyo Mongol-Tatar idyokhwe. Ithuba Muscovite Russia.