Oonyana Genghis Khan. Batu Khan - unyana Genghis Khan

Genghis Khan yaba ngumseki kunye Omkhulu Khan of the Empire Mongol. Wahlanganisa izizwe saa, balungiselela amaphulo emkhosini Central Asia, eMpuma Yurophu, neCaucasus kunye neTshayina. Igama eyiyo yomphathi - Temujin. Emva kokufa kwakhe, iindlalifa babe ngabantwana Genghis Khan. Sokwandisa kakhulu ummandla wesithili. Negalelo ngakumbi kwicandelo sendawo wenza umzukulwana yoMlawuli - Batu - umnini-Golden mkhosi.

ubuntu irula

Zonke imithombo, nto leyo kubalulwa Genghis Khan, zadalwa emva kokufa kwakhe. Okubaluleke ngakumbi phakathi kwabo "Imfihlelo History". Kule mithombo inkcazelo langoku nenkangeleko yomphathi. Yena nde, kunye siseko onamandla, ibunzi elibanzi iindevu elide. Ukongeza, yaye wachaza ubuntu bakhe. weza Khan evela ebantwini, kusenokwenzeka ukuba akukho amaziko zolwimi kunye karhulumente ebhaliweyo. Ngoko ke, lo umlawuli Mongol akazange abe nayiphi na imfundo. Noko ke, oku akuzange kumthintele ukuba ube umphathi abanetalente. izakhono besebe kuhlanganiswa kunye ayemi nokuthanda alawule. Genghis Khan wayenobubele yaye nesisa kangangoko ukuba kuyimfuneko ukugcina ndineemfesane noogxa bakhe. Yena shi kwi uyonwabisa, kodwa kwangaxeshanye abazange baqaphele ukuba olahlwa ukuze ingabi zidityaniswe kunye nomsebenzi wayo ube yinkokeli yomkhosi kunye nomlawuli. Njengoko imithombo, Khan waphila kuse ebudaleni, nokugcina ubuchule babo yengqondo ngokupheleleyo.

ziindlalifa

Kulaa minyaka yokugqibela yobomi yomphathi ukhathazeke kakhulu malunga bayahlelwa ubukhosi bakhe. abanye oonyana Genghis Khan kuphela unelungelo lokuba athathe indawo yakhe. Xa umlawuli yaba kakhulu abantwana, nabo bonke zithathwa ngokuba zisemthethweni. Ke oonyana abane kuphela wakhe Borte umfazi ukuze babe ziindlalifa. Aba bantwana zahluke kakhulu enye kwenye yaye ngeempawu notyekelo. Unyana omdala ka Genghis Khan wazalwa kungekudala emva kokubuya kwakhe Borte Merkit ekuthinjweni. emthunzini wakhe usoloko yamsukela inkwenkwe. iilwimi embi, nkqu unyana wesibini ka Genghis Khan, ogama kamva uya kuhla kwimbali ye Mongol ubukhosi, ngokuba ekuhleni "Merkit unobuchule". ixesha elininzi, uMama ezikhuselweyo umntwana. Kulo mzekelo, Genghis Khan uhlale sakubona ukuba unyana wakhe. Noko ke, lo mfana uhlala otyholwa illegitimacy. Xa Jagatai (nyana Chingizkhana ezihlangwini wesibini) evulekileyo kukho mzalwana wababizela uyise. Ungquzulwano phantse kwakhula ukuba unengxaki.

Jochi

Nyana Genghis Khan, owazalwa emva Merkit ekuthinjweni, inazo izinto awohluke. Bona, ingakumbi, ebonakalaliswe ukuziphatha kwakhe. iipateni Sustainable aye kwaphawulwa kuwo, yahluke gqitha ukusuka kuyise. Umzekelo, Genghis Khan akazange ukuyibona into efana inceba kwiintshaba. Yena ukushiya kuphela abantwana abaselula ababelungile kamva isebenzisa Oelun (unina), kwakunye enobukroti Bagaturov ngubani wathabatha ngummi Mongolian. Jochi, phezu koko, esibonakala inceba nobuntu. Ngokomzekelo, ekungqingweni, nasekuxinweni Gurganj Khorezmians neyodwa zaphela yimfazwe, siye sacelwa ukuba ukuphuma kwabo, ukuba ndibaconge aseleyo. Jochi wathetha phandle inkxaso kubo, kodwa Khan iye ngokucacile unqabe isindululo esinjalo. Ngenxa yoko ke zokungqinga umzi ikampu ngokuyinxenye kunqunyulwa, yaye kwana amanzi Amu Darya.

ukufa kabuhlungu

Ukunqongophala ukuqonda phakathi koyise nonyana, rhoqo iphenjelelwa Omhlebayo kunye oliqhophololo nezalamane. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo ungquzulwano nzulu kwaye kwakhokelela ukuvela intembelo oluzinzileyo komlawuli ukuba yindlalifa yakhe yokuqala. Khan waqala ukusola ukuba Jochi ufuna ukuba zithandwa kunye izizwe oyisa ukwahlula subsequently Mongolia. Mbali uthandabuze ingaba oko ngokwenene yindlalifa olube lufuna. Noko ke, ekuqaleni kuka-1227 kunye emqolo eyaphukileyo Jochi wafunyanwa efile entlango, apho othathe. Kakade ke, uyise wayengekho umntu kuphela ababeza kuzuza ukufa yindlalifa kunye ababa amathuba ukwahlukana ubomi bakhe.

Unyana wesibini ka Genghis Khan

Igama indlalifa owayesaziwa kwizangqa kufutshane itrone Mongol. Mu kuya kwa nshita mzalwana kwabafileyo, yena luphawulwa kalukhuni, elawulayo nkqu unya ethile. Ezi mpawu kunye negalelo kwinto yokuba Chagatai wamiselwa "umlindi akafanele." Esi sikhundla iyafana ngentsika yiJaji eyiNtloko okanye Attorney Jikelele. Chagatai soloko ilandelwa ngokuthe ngqo le mthetho, ukuba lukhohlakele nxamnye violators.

Le indlalifa lesithathu

Bambalwa bayazi njani ukuba igama, unyana ka-Genghis Khan, ngubani na umceli-mngeni ecaleni etroneni. Baba Ogedei. I wokuqala nowesithathu koonyana Genghis Khan yabe efana nabalinganiswa. Ogedei linophawu ukunyamezelana kunye nobubele ebantwini. Noko ke, osemqoka saso abathanda ezingela entlango nokusela nabahlobo. Ngenye imini, emva wemka uhambo ngokuhlangeneyo, Chagatai kunye Ogedei wabona bamaSilamsi uhlanjiweyo emanzini. Ngokutsho ngokwesithethe zonqulo, bonke abathembekileyo kufuneka izihlandlo ezininzi ebudeni bemini ukuze athandaze yaye ubahlambe ngamanzi. Kodwa ezi amanyathelo okuthintelwayo Mongol siko. Isiko akuvumelekanga apho kuhlanjwa konke lonke ihlobo. I Mongols ayekholelwa ukuba nokuhlamba echibini okanye umlambo isiphango, nto leyo eyingozi kakhulu ukuba abahambi entlango. Ngoko ke, ezi zenzo babonwa nje isoyikiso kubomi kubo. Ekuliwa (nuhury) elivu- umthetho Muslim Chagatai yambamba. Ogedei, exela ukuba umoni uya kuphulukana intloko, wathuma indoda yakhe kuye. Umthunywa kwafuneka ukuba bathi a Muslim ukuba kuthiwa iwise igolide emanzini waza wakhangela kuye khona (ukuba bahlale bephila). Komoni Chagatai wathi. Oku kwalandelwa umyalelo nuhuram ufumane iqhosha lemali emanzini. Druzhinnik Ugadei bephosa igolide emanzini. Le ngqekembe yafunyanwa waza wabuyela bamaSilamsi njenge "" okusemthethweni umniniyo. Ogedei ukuhlukana kunye nokuhlangula, wakhupha kangangesandla zegolide epokothweni yakhe waza wamnikela ukuba le ndoda. Noko ke, walumkisa amaSilamsi ukuba xa uya kwixesha elilandelayo uwise ingqekembe emanzini, ibe andifuni kuba, musa ukwaphula umthetho.

ezihlangwini yesine

Unyana omncinane Genghis Khan, njengoko oko kungqinwa kwimithombo Chinese, wazalwa ngo-1193. Ngeli xesha, uyise owayevale- Jurchen. Lahlala apho de 1197. Ngeli xesha, ukuqhatha Borte kwabonakala. Noko ke, Genghis Khan waqonda unyana wakhe Tolui. Kulo mzekelo, umntwana kubonakala ukuba imbonakalo kakhulu Mongolian. Bonke oonyana Genghis Khan uneempawu zawo. Kodwa Tolui uhlobo wawongwa iitalente aphezulu. Wayebalasele yi ngenxa iphezulu yokuziphatha, ilifa ubuchule engaqhelekanga le umququzeleli nenkokheli. Tolui eyaziwa ngokuba indoda enothando yaye indoda elunge. Watshata intombi womfi Wang Khan (intloko Kerait). Yena, ke, yaba ngumKristu. Tolui ayikwazanga yamkela unqulo ngumfazi wakhe. Njengoko Genghis Khan, kufuneka abathi ukholo wookhokho babo - Bon. Umfazi wakhe Tolui nje kuphela ukuba ukuthumela yonke, nangokwamasiko efanelekileyo zamaKristu kwi "icawa" yurt, kodwa kwakhona ukuthatha lendela kunye nababingeleli baphathe. Ukufa ke ezihlangwini sesine Genghis Khan ngaphandle ubaxo kubizwa ngokuba zobuqhawe. Ukugcina Ugadei abagulayo, Tolui wathabatha ngokuzithandela shaman eyomeleleyo uzozenza. Ngenxa yoko, asuse esi sifo evela kumzalwana wakhe, wafuna ukuba yiqweqwediseni kuye.

Board ziindlalifa

Bonke oonyana Genghis Khan unelungelo lokulawula umbuso. Emva kokuyeka lo mzalwana omdala eye abamlandelayo ezintathu. Emva kokufa kukayise de kunyulwe ulus entsha Khan wakwazi Tolui. Ngowe-1229 baqhuba Kurultai. Kube sele zikhethwa ngokokuthanda umlawuli, umlawuli omtsha. Zaba babeqonda kunye soft Ogedei. Lo yindlalifa njengoko kwathiwa ngasentla, ezahlukeneyo inceba. Nangona kunjalo, olu phawu akusoloko ukuze kuxhamle kwirhuluneli. Ngexesha ubunkokheli kwakhe Khanate ulus buthathaka kakhulu. Ulawulo lwaqhutywa ikakhulu ngeendleko kalukhuni Chagatai nezakhono bozakuzo nge Tula. I Ogedei efanayo kakhulu endaweni imicimbi karhulumente, ngokukhetha Azibhadulise Western Mongolia, ezingela nezidlo.

nabazukulu

Anakho imimandla ezahlukeneyo kwizikhundla ulus okanye ezibalulekileyo. owamazibulo Jochi - nyambalala yomkhosi-Yicheng, waya White mkhosi. Le ndawo ibekwe phakathi kummango kunye Irtysh Tarbagatay (Semipalatinsk namhlanje). Okulandelayo yaba Batu. Unyana Genghis Khan babeshiya kuye ilifa le-Golden mkhosi. Sheibani (ezihlangwini wesithathu) wathembela Sinyaya Orda. abalawuli Ulus zaye zabelwa njengoko amajoni 1-2 amawaka. Ngelo xesha linye inani umkhosi Mongolian koko ifikelele amawaka 130. Abantu.

Batu

Ngokutsho imithombo Russian, kuba yaziwa ngokuba Batu Khan. Nyana Genghis Khan, eyafa ngo 1227, kwiminyaka emithathu phambi kokuba ungene lelifa Kipchak emathafeni, inxalenye eCaucasus, Russia kunye eCrimea, ngokunjalo Khorezm. Indlalifa kumlawuli wafa, ukuba nje inxalenye Khorezm kunye emaqeleni Asia. In imi--1236-1243. Liba iphulo pan-Mongol nxamnye West. Kuye ephethwe Batu. Unyana Genghis Khan wanika yindlalifa ezinye iimpawu umlinganiswa. Le mithombo adweliswe igama Sain Khan. Ngokutsho kuguqulelo mnye, lithetha "okulungileyo-natured". Ukumkani eli elithi Batu. Unyana Genghis Khan wafa, njengokuba kuthiwe, ukuba kuphela inxalenye encinane ilifa lakhe. . Ngenxa yephulo ezenziwa sha-1236-1243, bafudukela Mongolia: kwintshona ye emathafeni Polovtsian, eMntla Caucasus kunye nabantu iVolga, kunye iVolga Bulgaria. Amaxesha aliqela phantsi kolwalathiso imikhosi Batu wahlasela Russia. Kumaphulo kwabo umkhosi Mongol yafikelela eYurophu. Frederick II, owathi ke umlawuli waseRoma, wazama ukuba balungiselele ukuxhathisa. Xa Baty waqalisa ukufuna ukuthobela, yena waphendula ukuba akwazi falconer khan. Kwezigaba, Noko ke, ekungazange kubekho injengayo phakathi amajoni. kamva Abanye ixesha kuhlala e Batu uSarayi-Batu, ngasechwebeni iVolga. Niye kwibhanya-West oko engasekho uzinikele.

ulus ekuqiniseni

Ngowe-1243 Batu wafunda Ugadei ukufa. umkhosi kwakhe wafudukela Lower iVolga. Nantsi iziko elitsha Jochi Ulus yasekwa. Kagan Giiyuk (omnye Ugadei ziindlalifa) wonyulwa ukuba Kurultai 1246. Yena waba lutshaba abangamagqala Batu. Ngowe-1248 Giiyuk wafa, yaye ngowe-1251 wonyulwa yirhuluneli Munch yesine abathembekileyo, campaigner aseYurophu 1246 ngo 1243 ukuxhasa i Khan Batu omtsha wathumela Berke (umzalwana wakhe) kunye nomkhosi wakhe.

Relations kunye nezikhulu Rus '

Ngowe-1243-1246 gg. bonke abalawuli Russian wathabatha uxhomekeko le Mongol uBukhosi kunye Golden anayo. Jaroslav Vsevolod (Prince Vladimir) ibonwa omdala eRashiya. Waba busted ngo-1240 yi-Mongols Kiev. Ngowe-1246 Batu Yaroslav ngeposi Kurultai e Karakorum njengento ummeli ogunyazisiweyo. Kukho inkosana Russian ityhefu abaxhasi Guyuk. Mihail Chernigovsky wabulawa kwi-Golden mkhosi mkhulu kunene ngenxa yokuba wala ukuya kungena ententeni Khan phakathi imililo ezimbini. Mongols nakugqala njengento ukuba ububi. Alexander Nevsky noAndreya - noonyana Yaroslav - naye waya anayo. Xa efika apho Karakorum, kuqala-Novgorod naseKiev, kwaye yesibini - le Vladimir ukubusa. Andrew, ukuzama ukumelana Mongols, wangena umfelandawonye kakhulu ngelixa isikhulu zantsi eRashiya - Compostela. Oku kwabangela iphulo yokohlwaya ye Mongols ngo-1252, i-nabaphumi-mkhosi eyayikhokelwa Nevryuya iphumelele Yaroslav noAndreya. Batu anikezelwe shortcut kwi Vladimir Alexandrov. Daniil Galitsky yakha unxulumano yayo Batu ngendlela apha eyahlukileyo. Wamgxotha ke hlokondiba Baskakov emizini yabo. Ngowe-1254, woyisa umkhosi ikhokelwa yi Kuremsy.

icala Karokorumskie

Emva konyulo ngo-1246 Guyuk njengoko Khan Omkhulu wanako kwinzala Chagatai kunye Ugadei neendlalifa nabanye oonyana ababini Genghis Khan. Giiyuk baya iphulo nxamnye Batu. Noko ke, ngo-1248, ngeli xesha xa umkhosi wakhe kuhlala Transoxiana, wafa ngesiquphe. Ngokutsho kuguqulelo mnye, yena tyhefu abaxhasi Munch kunye Batu. Okokuqala kamva waba ngumlawuli omtsha Mongol ulus. Ngowe-1251 Batu Khan wathumela umkhosi ekhokelwa Burundai phantsi Ortar ukunceda Munch.

inzala

Batu alandela baba: Sartak, itoucan, kunye Ulaghchi Abukan. Eyokuqala wayengumlandeli wonqulo lwamaKristu. Sartak intombi watshata Gleb Vasilkovich nentombi waba ngumfazi umzukulwana ka Batu St. Theodore Black. Kwezi nangomtshato bazalwa kunye nabalawuli Beloziorskiy Yaroslavskie (ngokulandelelanayo).