Yintoni isiseko kuhlamba kungcono ukukhetha iimpawu ufakelo

Enoba isakhiwo esenzelwe, isiseko oluthembekileyo usoloko imisela ihlala wayo. Ngokuchanekileyo ukuze wazi ukuba yintoni isiseko phantsi ngokuhlamba ingcono - akukho umsebenzi lula nayiphi nomakhi. Ingakumbi kwiinkathazo lokukhulula umhlaba entsonkothileyo (umgquba okanye samadoda).

Ziziphi izinto eziphembelela ukhetho isiseko?

Ngxi inkqubo yokuyila maqula ngokuyintloko inika uvavanyo injongo yale miba ilandelayo kakubi nga kuchaphazela umgangatho isiseko, ukuba kuphosakele ukuba ukhethe.

1. Ubunzulu yovalo komhlaba. Kuya kuxhomekeka kummandla neyaziwayo bonke. ukudumba lomhlaba lwenzeka ebusika xa amanzi emhlabeni peremerzat aqale. Le miqondiso ingabonwa samadoda ziqhekeza egangathiweyo ekufuphi okanye zokungqinga zomhlaba.
2. Iimpawu zomhlaba baziwa ngokubanzi, xa kukho zakhiwa izindlu kwaye ungacela abakhi. Ukuba okubi, ndiwanqumle maleko eliphezulu, kude kukho maleko eqinileyo. ngendlela ethembekileyo distending yanowo lekhefu ukuya kwinqanaba neGauteng kunye esililini zegrabile kunye nesanti. Le yokugqibela kusetyenziswa ngawo onke amaxesha njengoko kunceda alinganayo umthwalo. Underestimating Inkitha kunokukhokelela ngokutshintsha isiseko. Nkqu deformation yakhe encinane kukhokelela imbonakalo neentanda ezindongeni, kwithambeka offset iminyango. Kuba ubunzulu bomhlaba eziqhelekileyo Bookmarks eyaneleyo 0.5 m.
3. Izinga komhlaba. Amanzi kunempembelelo kuxhelo eziphathekayo, kuyimfuneko ukuseka okanye ufake isakhiwo yokukhupha amanzi phezu na.

Isiseko phantsi ibhafu ngezandla zakhe; yeyiphi kungcono

Ukwenza ukhetho lasekunene isiseko ibhafu, kuyimfuneko ukuba baqhelane awohluke yohlobo ngalunye na.

1. Strip isisekelo

Xa ukhetha isiseko phantsi sokuhlambela kuhle, abaninzi eyeka kule fomu. Oku kufuna iindleko esezantsi, kwaye konke kwenziwa ngezandla zakhe. umthwalo Uniform noyilo elula ukudala isiseko oluthembekileyo ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezincinane.

Eendonga onzima owenziwe iziseko ngokunzulu phantsi webhate. Kukuphi na okulunge ngakumbi, ukuba indlu yenziwe ngomthi? Nantsi melkozaglublenny efanelekileyo (50 cm) ukwenzela imithwalo ezincinane.

Isiseko liqinile kunye nebandla. Owayesakuba ikhethwa kuba ingakufuni izixhobo ezongezelelweyo kuye, kwaye nokwakhiwa monolithic na ukuthembeka eliphezulu. Kuba iibhate ezifumanekayo uluhlu olubanzi zemathiriyeli:

• eziphathekayo;
• zimvaba;
• eziphathekayo moto;
• izitena.

inkxaso Iqela kukuzishumayela kwibloko lwesamente. Kuba isiseko isuti bath ngokubekwa ukusuka isitena corpulent ebomvu.

isisekelo 2. pier

Ukuba indawo zokuqala uqoqosho kunye isantya yokwakha, izibonda zimi umbuzo wokuqala kwisicwangciso oko isiseko phantsi ngokuhlamba ingcono. Olu khetho kwakhona esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekudaleni ukwandiswa endlwini kunye nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo basezifama eyenziwe ngomthi amagwebu. Yena ezilungele ingxaki zomhlaba.

Unqwabelana behlela bezingenabunzulu bamhlaba elide ukwenzeka. Yokuba izibonda imali eninzi kakhulu, kodwa ke eyimveliso umgaqo kuyafana. Ukuze wenze oku, wenza izixhobo esekwe kakuhle waza wenza eziphathekayo.

Top yenziwe ngakumbi isiseko eziphathekayo isihlenga, kodwa zokwakha ezilula unako ukuvelisa kwi nemithi. Ukuze ekweneni nomphezulu womhlaba zange kuchaphazela isakhiwo, umsantsa idaliwe ngaphezu komhlaba. Kufuneka kwakhona ukunika ukhuselo kweenkuni ukusuka ukufuma.

isisekelo 3. esinombhalo

Okuye kwabethelelwa slab monolithic leMfundo lilandela ngokupheleleyo kunye nomthwalo ukubana ngokungalinganiyo zomhlaba. Akunamsebenzi ukugqabhuza kanye isiseko sakhiwo. Bottom ukugudisa layer idaliwe ukusuka ukugcwaliswa isanti. Kuba iibhate leyo ndawo isetyenziswa kuba yenzelwe imithwalo enzima kwaye yeyona ibiza ka nentabalala yezinto eziphathekayo.

4. Base phezu kwemoto iqhosha lemenyu

Kutshanje ngokuya zitsho Screw kuthandwa efakiweyo ngexesha elifutshane. Akukho mfuneko indawo pre-unyango kunye kunokwembiwa amaqula, leyo kunciphisa iindleko eziphathekayo kunye nabasebenzi. Kodwa ke ngaxeshanye kufuneka inkcitho yokuthenga kunye nofakelo yezikhala kunye indlela ekhethekileyo. ufakelo Manual kwakhona kunokwenzeka, ukuba babe ungeniso ezilungileyo emhlabeni. Ngokubanzi, ujije zitsho zibe ukhetho mali elungileyo yolwakhiwo webhate. Ufakelo kuthatha iintsuku 1-3 kuphela, xa ungakwazi ukuqala ngoko nangoko ukwakha.

Yintoni kungcono ukwenza isiseko phantsi webhate. Ukwakhiwa isiseko

For uhlobo ngalunye kufuna eyakhe iteknoloji yayo ukwakhiwa isiseko.

1. Ukulungiselela isigaba sokwakha

Ngesakhiwo ukwenzela ukwakhiwa ekulungiseleleni, kuzo zonke iimeko, ngaphandle isiseko esijijwayo, apho yokomba sele zenziwe. umhlaba Black isuswe kwi-15 cm, isiseko endaweni kwaye wenza ukuba wandise.

2. strip isisekelo kwezimilo

Xa inkampani yokwakha overstates ixabiso sokwenza umsebenzi, umthengi uqala ukucinga oko kuhle ukwenza isiseko kuhlamba izandla zakhe. Band base monolithic ifanele enkosi elula wokwenziwa hlobo.

1. Trenching. imilinganiso zabo baxhomekeke iimeko emhlabeni kunye imithwalo.
2. Amalungiselelo isisekelo. Ukudala umqamelo kwentlabathi. Layer ubukhulu ngokuba isiseko melkozaglublennogo 300 mm.
3. Ukufakelwa shuttering ukuphakama-50 cm. Kubalulekile ukwenza nkqu kwinqanaba eliphezulu tyaba, kangangokuba kamva kwaba lula ukuba babeke iindonga.
4. Ukubeka maleko ezincinane eziphathekayo emazantsi nofakelo lathing armature. Ukuzalisa umthamo yonke formwork.
5. Ukuba zingangenwa ongaphantsi komhlaba. Indlela elula ndiyibeke phezu lamanqanaba ezimbini engumxube ezifulelwe.

3. Ukufakelwa kwesiseko pier

Ukuze ayicingi yintoni isiseko kuhlamba, nendlela yokwenza oko, nawe nje bahlale ukhetho kunye engenazintsika, njengokuba iintendelezo edume kakhulu futhi elula.

isiseko Columnar kwenziwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.

1. Ukubala inani zezibonda (for an Ibhafu -. Iiyunithi Ubuncinane 8 ngokwahlukeneyo iidonga lwangaphakathi).
2. Ukugrumba amaqula ukuya kubunzulu ubuncinane 1 m.
3. Ukuveliswa ababetheki isanti 250 mm.
4. Ukubeka iintsika ngezitena, inkunkuma okanye ekubunjweni eziphathekayo.
5. Ukukhangela le level tyaba ngeenxa isiseko.

4. Ayanda base iqhosha lemenyu

Ukuze ufumane isiseko phantsi sokuhlambela, leyo ezifanele ingxaki lomhlaba, onke khumbula ngoko nangoko malunga zitsho iqhosha lemenyu. Ukusebenzisa kwabo bamisa isakhiwo, nkqu imigxobhozo. Emva kokujikeleza emhlabeni zikwazi ukwakha nje isakhiwo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.

1. Ukhetho yezikhala iqhosha lemenyu. ubude yazo kufuneka ibe nkulu ngakumbi ubunzulu ebandayo, kodwa hayi ngaphantsi kwe-1,5 m.
2. Zitsho ubude ogama ayidluli 2.5 m, kunokwenzeka ukuba ujije ngesandla. Nale ukuphatha abantu-2, kwaye elesithathu kukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho ukungalungelelani.
3. Emva kokuba zonke zenziwe ziqinisiwe emhlabeni, rangefinder uqinisekise kwinqanaba tye.
4. Ngaphakathi yamakariti wentsimbi izaliswe iintsika eziphathekayo isisombululo.
5. Xa ikhonkrithi lukhuni, yamakariti ukuba welding iindonga ekupheleni kunye grillage tyaba yejelo onxulumanisa isiseko kwisakhiwo monolithic kunye nosasazo umthwalo efanayo.

5. grillage Production laziseko columnar kunye iqhosha lemenyu

Ukwenza isigqibo malunga nokuba yintoni na isiseko kuhlamba lokukhetha, musa ukulibala isiseko isihlenga, yinxalenye ebalulekileyo. Kwakhona ezikhethiweyo ngokusekelwe iimpawu ngesakhiwo, iindleko kunye nezakhono.

Okuye kwabethelelwa isiseko eziphathekayo isihlenga Sisiseko yokwakha inokuthenjwa kunye nenzuzo. Ngokuba izinto zayo ufakelo efunekayo:

• nokufakwa kwayo;
• wire for ezibophelele;
• ngodaka eziphathekayo;
• Iifom panel.

Ngomhla isethi imfumba ezinithiweyo metal enemingxuma kugunyaziso ngokwemizuzu ka 15-30 cm kujikelezo yokwakha. It lukhuselekile ukuba mortgage kufakwa ziimfumba eweva phezulu le mingxuma, ukuba helical. Kubalulekile ufakwa esibondeni, wababhinqisa ngezabhokhwe longitudinal. Ngezikhala eziphathekayo tubal wenziwe isabhokhwe oluvelayo eziphelweni armature.

Formwork efakwe ngokupheleleyo yaye zilungelelaniswe ukuya kwikona ephezulu. Emva koko, lo eziphathekayo ukuthululwa: kuqala ngaphakathi kwikholam, uze - kule formwork. Iziphelo ziimfumba zikwindawo ngaphakathi dwala.

Grillage ugodo isoloko isetyenziswa for izakhiwo ngamaplanga. Le nto iyoma izinto emboxo preliminarily ezikhethiweyo kwaye wenze ukuba anamanxeba ngokujoyina lock. Emva koko zichake iimbombo isiseko isihlenga elizayo uqala zokubangela nomnye wabo. Bruce ijoyina izibiyeli okanye iikona nakwiintloko igoqo - kunye nezitshixo zalo.

Grillage irubhrikhi kwenziwa ukuba izindlu ngamatye, njengoko ukumelana umthwalo. Yena kakuhle nge welding, ku iindonga ekupheleni yezikhala iqhosha lemenyu.

A tips ezimbalwa

Xa sakhiwe iziseko phantsi sokuhlambela, iingcali icebiso kuyimfuneko ukuze aphephe iimpazamo.

1. Isiseko ezikweni sokuhlambela wahlukile engundoqo, ukuba deformation yabo iyitshintshe omnye nomnye.
2. Kuba esimbaxa namageduka zitsho Screw ezifanele.
3. A inwebu ababetheki phantsi isiseko uyazimela etyekezwa geotextile.
4. Bati lixhotyiswe enempompo yokuqokelelwa amdaka kwi itanki komhlaba ngaphandle ezantsi, kunye kungenzeka ukushiya umhlaba.

isiphelo

Isiseko kuhlamba akukho nzima kuthabatha ngenxa iintlobo ngeentlobo zokwakha. Kodwa akukho impendulo enye ukuya umbuzo malunga uhlobo isiseko phantsi webhate ingcono. Ukukhethwa lohlobo efanelekileyo defined iimpawu zezakhiwo, iimpawu kunye amathuba nomakhi lomhlaba.