Yintoni na amazwi? amazwi latin

Yintoni na amazwi? Olu luhlobo olwahlukileyo lwe phraseological. Ngoko ke, ukuba ukujonga wesibini ekuqaleni, t. E. A ingqiqo ngokubanzi. Akumangalisi ke, iqhalo i idibanise okuzinzileyo amagama, nto leyo uphawu kolwimi oluthile. Ngenxa yoko, ekuqaleni lwesakhiwo binzana ezikhoyo ngolwimi oluthile, inkcubeko-medium. Yintoni luni? Amazwi zazo zenziwe, ayikwazi reordered, - oko baphulukana ingqiqo jikelele. Kwakhona, intsingiselo jikelele iyunithi phraseological lingenakuxelwa ngokuhlalutya intsingiselo yegama ngalinye ngokwahlukeneyo. Ngapha koko, akukho gangqa kakhulu ... Kwaba enomoya ubulumko.

Ziphi na amazwi?

Ngoko ke yintoni "amabinzana ezithandwayo"? Yintoni phawu buyazohlula kwisethi ezinye iimbalasane phraseology? Impendulo elifutshane: a umthombo zoncwadi. Nokuba amazwi ziye Yaphathana njenge dictum ubuntu ezibalaseleyo thina, bona bezisa ukubhala.

Ngoko akukho mfihlelo inqanaba inkcubeko uluntu kuxhomekeke kuquka isenzeko imemori yenkcubeko. Olu hlobo ukuqhubeka civilizational kungachazwa kukuba amazwi isetyenziswayo Latin. AmaRoma baba izenzo, bakhetha inzululwazi isicelo. azibhala zabo kwesakhiwo, ulimo, njengoko kuchasene uncwadi ushishino lwangoku, abhalwe ngolwimi yokomfuziselo equlathe amaqhalo. Kuyinto ngenxa kuphuhliso yokubhala iminyaka eliwaka impucuko kithi zizele amazwi kwabalawuli, zobulumko, iinjengele ubulumko.

Yamandulo impucuko yamaRoma avelise amaqhalo zangoku

Periodization wophuhliso bobuchule yoncwadi ye eRoma luphawulwa imvelaphi yayo BC ngenkulungwane III. e. lesigaba kunye bade walo mna BC. e, zinokuhonjiswa amagama neembongi abadumileyo kunye zobulumko -. uOvid, uCicero, Virgil, Horace.

Yamandulo ndandidla ngokuba nehlekisayo yoqobo kunye nokucinga okunobuchule. Kubomi bemihla ngemihla, kuyacaca, Plutarch kunye Horace baba non-uyadika, kwaye, ngaphezu koko, abantu ngendlela funny. Zidalwa imifanekiso laseTsomo ezimibalabala yokuqala. Kutheni kufuneka ufake kuphela iinzame kakhulu yaye ngenxa yoko wazala entabeni mouse! Amazwi zamaRoma (entabeni efanayo kunye nempuku) ngoko ngaphezulu kanye nge Tint ahlekisayo zikhankanywe iimbongi zasekhaya kunye zobulumko (umzekelo, Trediakovskij).

Ingaba Latin abafileyo?

Emva kokuba ngokuwa Western Roman Empire, leyo iwela BC ngenkulungwane VI. e., yesiLatini ulwimi, ulwimi lwe nonxibelelwano lwamazwe ngamazwe waseRoma yamandulo, ngokuthe ngcembe uba ufile, t. e. ngayo ayeke ukuthetha. Noko ke, de kube sekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVII ukuba impucuko elitsha eYurophu, lulwimi kwathiwa liyaphila kunye olufanelekileyo elite abantu abafundileyo - izazinzulu, ababingeleli, nezifundiswa. Ngoko ke aba bantu, kungekuphela nje ukwazi oko amazwi, kodwa ukuba siwasebenzise azibhala zabo, bamxelela ukuba ubukhulu equlethwe kuwo ingcamango yamandulo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, abafundi dear, wena nakanye wadibana kwiincwadi okanye inguqulelo Russian bevuthela amazwi, kanye wenza amaRoma abanekratshi. Masikhumbule nje ezinye zazo.

izaci Latin eYurophu

Isakhiwo oluphambili ulwimi Latin ngexesha elifanelekileyo baba isiseko kuphuhliso olungaphezulu ulwimi Italian, isiFrentshi, isiPhuthukezi. Noko ke, imifanekiso yakhe frazeologichnost bakhonza isicelo yayo mihla.

Yena isenguye ulwimi olusemthethweni ethile yamaKatolika Vatican State. Ukongeza, ulwimi Latin yaye uhlala ulwimi yenzululwazi yaseYurophu. Ezinamaphiko ibinzana kwi Latin ulwimi, sidalwe eYurophu. Foma Akvinsky, uThomas More, Fransua Viyon (njalo njalo) baba ezihlangwini kwendalo kwisiLatini of phraseology.

izaci Latin eyaziwa eRashiya

Naxa ilixesha ulwimi lenzululwazi, libazisa izaci baseRoma, ukuba wadala imisebenzi yabo zizazinzulu Russian, ezifana MV Lomonosov, NI Pirogov. Ngokukodwa, kuba ubuqaqawuli uMikhail Vasilyevich yaqhubeka, kodwa Russian, isithethe Virgil, otyelwe kulo mbongo "Monument".

Noko ke, sele kwinkulungwane XIX., Mna wabhala A. S. Pushkin kwi "Eugene Onegin" inoveli, uba "Latin ayikho othandwayo." Kwaye emva kokuba Oktobha Revolution, ulwimi Latin, kusisinyanzelo unangoku ukuba ukufunda kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo (khumbula isahluko "uviwo Latin 'ukusuka' loLutsha" L. N. Tolstogo) Waziqhiwula yena. Nangona kunjalo, ngeli xesha lakalokunje - ilixa inkcubeko mass - amazwi Latin kwakhona ubabalo. Bathi ababhali, abantu abathile abanempembelelo uziquke ingubo usapho ingalo. Ukongeza, namhlanje abantu abaninzi abafundileyo xa kuyimfuneko kugxininiswa iingcinga ezithile usebenzisa nabo ngokubhala. ubuchule enjalo kuvunyiwe: koomofu yombhalo Latin, ubunzulu kunye nentsingiselo ezendeleyo kulo isithethe yamandulo kusoloko ibe nomtsalane.

Malunga amazwi Russian

Ukukhumbula amazwi Russian, babuyele yobuncwane yabo ethembekileyo - iincwadi Gold Russian kwinkulungwane XIX, bazizityebi inkcubeko lehlabathi amagama Pushkin, Lermontov, Griboedov, Krylov, Belinsky, Gogol, Turgenev, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky. Umsebenzi kwezi ezakudala ngumthombo onesisa kubo. iingcali True uncwadi wazi ngentliziyo amazwi ezininzi ezithandwayo, leyo zizele satirical neenoveli, iintsomi, zikwenza kubonakale ngathi, amabali.

Cinga, kuba intsomi umzekelo Krylov kaThixo "I Mirror kunye inkawu." Amazwi, njengokuba sibona, iqulethe nkqu imisebenzi ezincinane kwimibongo, leyo ukukhumbula lula kunye nomntwana.

Ubaluleko nobunzulu iingcinga yombhali umahluko intsomi ngaphezu imigca "I Mirror kunye inkawu." La mazwi, akuthandabuzeki - kakhulu mihla nanamhlanje. Eneneni, ngaphambi kokuba nokuphonononga ukuziphatha lomnye umntu, kufuneka ufunde siqonde okwabo ukomelela kunye nobuthathaka.

Bekuya kuba olungafanelekanga, kuphononongwe umsebenzi ubudala segolide uncwadi, ukuba uqaphele ukuba imithombo sinokufunyanwa iincwadi ezi ngamabinzana aphoristic, ngaphandle zintsomi Krylov, andibi imveliso: Griboyedov - "Yeha evela Wit", Fonvizin - "The Minor" imisebenzi Kozmy Prutkova.

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX ekudalweni aphorisms baphumelela Vladimir Mayakovsky, ababhali Ilf kunye Petrov, M. Bulgakov. amabinzana eziliqela inkcaza ethandwayo ukuza kuthi evela iincwadi Russian:

Akumangalisi, le amabinzana badla kuwa indlela phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo ezisisiseko ngokunxibelelana, kanye xa kufuneka unikezele ngokufihlakeleyo isishwankathelo okwenzekayo. Ngokufutshane, abalandeli uncwadi enkulu Russian akukho mfuneko elide ukucacisa oko amazwi.

Iqhalo eyenziwe iBhayibhile

Kungaba okungalungile singasathethi ichibi enkulu izakhiwo idiomatic ukumelana imvelaphi ebhayibhileni ukuba ziyathandwa niche ebalulekileyo kule mihla kunye inqubo. Ngokomfanekiso, nangokuvumelana negalelo ukuyilwa imilinganiselo ephakamileyo yokuziphatha kunye yokomoya mntu. Ngapha koko, nkqu ikhalenda yangoku isusela emva "ukususela ekuzalweni kukaKristu."

izaci abangamaKristu kuphela eninzi yabantu abakholwa. Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, inkcubeko Russia Orthodox Uzihluthise ubomi babo bemihla ngemihla. Oku akuzange kumthintele amashumi nkqu kumi akekho ekuthiwa-lwezenzululwazi. Mhlawumbi ngamnye kuthi, ukufumana imfundo, hayi kanye weva kootitshala ibinzana yeBhayibhile, yaba ezimaphiko: "Yazi indlela nguBawo Wethu" (.. Ie okuqinileyo, intliziyo). Uyavuma ukuba kubomi bemihla ngemihla asinto ingaqhelekanga, abaninzi izaci of Biblical imvelaphi. Imizekelo ezi zisenokuba 'imvu elahlekile "," isikhubekiso "," Kiss kaYudas ".

isiphelo

Ababhali-mbali kunye iingcali zeelwimi athi zabhalwa elithi "ibinzana ethandwayo" ephethwe yi amaGrike amandulo ukuba elifunekayo. Kukhankanywa phantse ngengqiqo mihla ke nangoku kwi "Iliad" yaye "Odyssey." Noko ke, ngaba oku kuthetha ukuba isenzeko akuzange kwenzeke ngo impucuko ngaphambili?

Nakuba kunjalo, ukuhlola uhlobo le hlobo phraseology, siyakwazi ukubona ukuba yokwenza yabo yakha kwindawo ethile yenkcubeko. Bona sicebisa ngokomoya. Umntu osebenzisa amabinzana ezithandwayo, eneneni kunomtsalane yokucinga associative of interlocutors, amathuba nenkcubeko yabo.

Mhlawumbi kunjalo, wayegqiba nqaku, sinokugqiba ukuba Ukusetyenziswa amabinzana ezithandwayo umntu unxibelelwano ngemihla kungqina ukuba inqanaba lophuhliso yayo zenkcubeko.