Yintoni ofunda ezizwe? imisebenzi ezizwe

Kweli nqaku impendulo umbuzo ukufunda ezizwe. Siya kukuxelela ngokweenkcukacha ngale ngenzululwazi, salatha ezinye iimpawu zayo ziya ekubikwe ukubaluleka kwayo kunye nokubaluleka.

Indlela ukuqala impendulo umbuzo ukufunda ezizwe? Nangokuzimisela kwexabiso lwegama lalo. Ezizwe - isayensi esifunda iintlanga. "Ngokobuhlanga" kusho Greek "isizwe", "abantu" yaye "Bala" - I ukubhala. Ngenxa yoko, lokoqobo kwesihloko le inzululwazi iguqulelwe ngokuthi "inkcazelo kweentlanga." Xa mfanekiso, umzekelo, petrography - inkcazelo yamatye, ngendawo yokuhlala - inkcazo emhlabeni, njl Kodwa inzululwazi kuphela esichazayo ayikho ... Inkcazelo na kubo - oku kuphela isiseko izigqibo, kwingqiqo kwemithetho uphuhliso efumaneka kunye nenjongosenzi. Umzekelo, geography uyazi kwendawo, utyani, imozulu, izilwanyana kunye nabanye. Ngokubhekiselele kubudlelwane babo, iipateni yophuhliso. esazi kakuhle imithetho, singakwazi ukusebenzisa ubutyebi bendalo kwinkonzo yoluntu.

Ngaphandle nje kokuba ufunda ezizwe nje inzululwazi, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba naye nje ukuchaza abantu abahlala Earth. Uyayazi imithetho ngawo ukuba akhiwa kwaye ziphuhliswe, kwakunye nezizathu apho ubani uhlanga iyahluka kwenye. anokuzuzwa ngokusekelwe le nkcazo ilandelayo: ezizwe - kufundwa ngabantu, lokuvula iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo uphuhliso lwabo.

Ukuvela ezizwe

Nangona kamva idata ngqo obenza isiseko ezizwe, ngenxa ixesha elide baye baqalisa wokuhlanganisa bafumbe, yona iye yavela njenge inzululwazi elizimeleyo kuphela kwinkulungwane yama-19. Injongo yezifundo zakhe kuqala baba eziphilayo zentlalo-zembali (sotsiory) - uluntu womntu, othe gqolo ukuba abangekaphuhli ngexesha isenzeko kwale nzululwazi. Ngaphezu koko, kuqala ezizwe wafunda nje kuphela ingqibelelo kangangoko inkcubeko ezi zizwe. Bekusoloko kwaye uhlala inzululwazi kuphela ogama into yesifundo - kuluntu kwakudala. Noko ke, ezizwe - isayensi lifunda hayi sotsiory kuphela. Ukuze sikwazi ukubona ubuncinane ezimbini injongo yaso.

into Two ngenkcazo

Kuzo zonke umphakathi class pre-nongxowankulu, ngaphandle amandulo, bekusoloko ezinxulumene, kodwa ezahlukeneyo ezimbini neenkcubeko: nabaphetheyo (inkcubeko eliphezulu) kunye demotic (inkcubeko ezantsi). Lokugqibela uphuhliso wabatshabalalisa, kodwa liyalahleka kuphela phantsi kolawulo longxowankulu. Le nkqubo kaninzi kuthatha ixesha elide. Kwaye thina sinomdla nesayensi ukususela ekusekweni kwayo waqalisa ukufunda kuphela inkcubeko kudidi, kodwa ke abantu abaqhelekileyo, ingakumbi abalimi. Oku kufuneka iqwalaselwe xa ephendula umbuzo ukufunda ezizwe. Ushwankathe- kulandela ngasentla: ngayo ukususela ekuqaleni kuye into 2 - inkcubeko abangekaphuhli bezicathulo.

Iimpawu yophuhliso ezizwe kwi UK

Britain Omkhulu amandla inkulu yobukoloniyali ngexesha okuvela ezizwe. A lot of kwiindawo waba namandla phezu kurhulumente, yaye uninzi lwabo kuhlala imibutho kwakudala. Kodwa abalimi kwi UK ziye ayengasekho eli xesha. Ngenxa yoko, le ezizwe lizwe Imvukelo nje encinci inzululwazi ejongene isifundo yoluntu kwakudala. Uphando into enxulumene ne iintsalela zehlabathi umlimi, benza lwemveli ebukumkanini. Noko ke, izazinzulu British kwangethuba kakhulu waba nomdla wolona nabalimi Mpuma wabanjwa ngurhulumente UK, ikakhulu India (B. Baden-Powell, G. Mayne). Noko ke, ezi zifundo ziye ingqalelo kakhulu ngokufuthi kangangoko non-ezizwe. Ukongeza, into kubo zoluntu kakhulu umlimi, kunokuba inkcubeko.

Ezizwe e Germany

Yona eJamani, kwakhona bakha imbono yayo yokuba ukufunda ezizwe. Kwinkcazelo yale inzululwazi izazinzulu zaseJamani nabanye eziliqela, leyo, Noko ke, ngokulula wacacisa. Isibakala sokuba abalimi ziqhubekile ukubakhona kweli lizwe. Ngoko ke impendulo umbuzo malunga nezifundo ezizwe eJamani yaba yokuqala kulandelayo: inkcubeko folksy. Ku kuphela ngoko ekuqaleni ukuya kuvela inzululwazi nemibutho eyayingekaphuhli leyo yenziwa emva kokuba iJamani waba nabacinezeli. Hi ndlela leyi, bekulula emva kwexesha.

Uphuhliso nenzululwazi ezizwe eRashiya

Iimpawu ze kuphuhliso lweli lizwe lethu ezifana ukuba ihlabathi abangekaphuhli kunye nabalimi wabakho ecaleni nje kuphela, kodwa kananjalo ukuba luthethe kwaye zingene omnye nomnye. Umgca phakathi kwabo wayesoloko isalamane. Ngoko ke, uluntu lwezenzululwazi Russian yaba ligama eliqhelekileyo ngenxa yale inzululwazi (ngokohlanga, okanye ezizwe), kodwa amagama ekhethekileyo iinkalo ezimbini ezenza, yayingeyiyo.

Ngokohlanga ubuhlanga ngcamango

E Western Yurophu, kwinkulungwane ye-19, igama yesibini kwale nzululwazi - ngokohlanga. Eguqulelwe lithetha "isifundo izizwe." Eli gama yoxwebhu ingaphezulu ukubonisa ubuncwane umdla kuthi inzululwazi. Noko ke, kwavela eNtshona Yurophu xa iingcamango ngokobuhlanga apho iintlanga zahlulwe iintlanga nesetyenzwe ophantsi, waba ngokubanzi. iintlanga kuthathelwe - oko abantu zemvelo, ngubani na kwinqanaba elisezantsi yophuhliso lwentlalo noqoqosho. Baya kuba imbali, nokuba enayo, kuhlala ayaziwa. Aba bantu kufuneka nje ukuchaza, oko kukuthi, ukulungisa ukukwazi kwabo ukuhlala kweli langoku. Oku kufuneka banyamezele inzululwazi efana ezizwe.

Iintlanga ezihleli kwinqanaba eliphezulu yophuhliso kwezenkcubeko nakwezoqoqosho, ke imbali, ukuba imbali elide kunye ezintsonkothileyo. ukufunda yabo kuyimfuneko, kwaye umsebenzi ngokohlanga.

Ukusebenzisa amagama 'ezizwe "yaye" ngokohlanga "

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukwahlulwa zonke iintlanga kwimbali zendalo, ngaphezulu nolusezantsi, izazinzulu ezininzi enaningamkelanga zona. Zono babekholelwa ukuba kukho mnye kuphela isayensi - imbali, nto leyo ithi yahlulwe ngokwamacandelo 2: imbali kuluntu kunye nembali endalo. Eyokuqala yaqala xa abantu wema bephuma ehlabathini isilwanyana. Ixhomekeka imithetho jikelele zophuhliso loluntu. Ngenxa yoko, ukwahlulwa bezizwe zendalo nembali akukho zizathu zenzululwazi. Noko ke, igama elithi "ngokohlanga" nangoku kuMgaqo-West, inzululwazi izizwe. ERashiya, kutyunjwa yayo jikelele wasebenzisa igama elithi "ezizwe". Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba la magama kunye eRashiya kwi West utyalo imixholo efanayo: ibizwa ukufunda, kungekhona inkcazo abantu abahlala on Earth.

Kwintlanganiso e Alma-Ata, leNkomfa Union ngowe-1990, kwagqitywa ekubeni ukudibanisa igama elibhekisela ngenzululwazi izizwe. Ezizwe kwilizwe lethu nabo baqalisa obizwa ngokomthetho ngokohlanga. Noko ke, igama elithi "ezizwe" igcinwe. Namhlanje sithi "imyuziyam ngenkcazo", "zobuntlola ngenkcazo" Ngenxa yoko, ngokohlanga kunye ezizwe -. Ingaba amagama amabini ezinokunceda Zimiseleni inzululwazi izizwe.

Umehluko phakathi kwezizwe

Ukuphila kwilizwe abantu zahluka kunye yobuhlanga (wokwenene) iimpawu - in umbala kunye nokumila iinwele, ibala, ukuphakama, xa isakhiwo iinxalenye ezithambileyo kobuso, njl Ngenxa yesi sizathu, bahlukene kwi Mongoloid, Caucasoid, Negroid kwaye zixutywe ngokobuhlanga .. ukuhlonipha. Ukufundwa Physical lijongana isifundo zonke ezi yantlukwano phakathi kwabo.

Abantu behlabathi abathetha iilwimi ezahlukeneyo -. German, IsiNgesi, Russian kunye nezinye iilwimi zidityaniswe zibe ezinxulumene iintsapho kulwimi. Ezolimi abenza kwimisebenzi yabo yokufunda. Ixilonga igrama, ipateni yemizobo, isigama, iilwimi.

Abalihlali ilizwe yabantu nazo igama ezahlukeneyo (Russian, nangezinto, Georgians, njalo njalo. D.), Consciousness (I Byelorussian I Kyrgyzstan), izinto awohluke ze psyche kwaye yonke ezintsonkothileyo lweziqalelo zenkcubeko nezentlalo ezendeleyo ngamnye kubo (ke impahla abayinqobo kuye, indawo yokuhlala, imikhosi zentlalo kunye nosapho ubomi, njalo njalo. d.). Ngenxa yoku, zonke sisizwe ikheswa ngokwayo kuzo zonke ezinye iimpawu non-data. Ngokohlanga, okanye ezizwe, uye ukufunda ezi yantlukwano.

features yobuhlanga

Ngenxa yoko, oko kuthathwa ukuba into isifundo ezizwe kwinzululwazi - oko ke abantu isifundo - iimpawu yobuhlanga. Le yokugqibela ibhekisa ukuzoyikisela, izinto ezintsonkothileyo le ngokomoya, ezentlalo nenkcubeko eziphathekayo, ingakumbi ingqondo nobomi, zaphuhliswa ngenxa uphuhliso elide nembali. Zonke iimpawu ngaphezulu zenza ngokupheleleyo inkcubeko yesizwe sabantu. Yeyona nto ephambili lesayensi njenge ezizwe.

Ukuze uphendule umbuzo kutheni kuyimfuneko ku dyondza awohluke yobuhlanga kwabantu, inkcubeko yawo.

Ezizwe and History

Okokuqala, ulwazi kubo usinika ithuba ukusombulula imibuzo malunga imvelaphi yayo, uphuhliso zembali. Imbali yabantu ezibhaliweyo kule izinto ngenkcazo. Kufuneka bakwazi ukufunda. iimpawu zenkcubeko kunye noluntu zisoloko zidityaniswe izinto kwezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, izinto nendawo eziphilileyo. Ngoko ke, lonke uluhlu enkcubeko kunye noluntu iyatshintsha xa kukho utshintsho ezi zinto. Ngoko ke, ukwazi ubomi kunye nenkcubeko yabantu ukuthetha malunga iimeko zendalo ngokwezelizwe kunye nezentlalo noqoqosho apho ubukhona. Konke oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni iingcambu imvelaphi yayo kunye nophuhliso. Ngenxa yokuba ezizwe elisombulula yonke le miba, kokuba kube nokuqwalaselwa kwesayensi zembali. Oku kubhekisela kwakwelo yaye nodidi status.

Ezizwe - Science,

Noko ke, ixabiso layo ayiphelelanga oko kutshiwo ngasentla. Kubalulekile ukuba ufunda ezizwe. Ngokufutshane chaza intsingiselo yalo kwelinye icala.

Ulwazi ubomi zesizwe nenkcubeko lunika ithuba ukufumanisa orientation iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zenkcubeko nezentlalo ezenzeka ngalo mzuzu. Kwaye ngaphandle kolwazi lwabo akunakwenzeka ukwenza inguqu zenkcubeko nezentlalo noqoqosho. On iplanethi yethu, wayesoloko ehamba iinkqubo eziguqukileyo ubuso enkcubeko kunye noluntu sezizwe ezahlukeneyo, yaye ngamanye amaxesha kukhokelela isibakala sokuba abanye kubo enyamalala, abanye bavele. Zonke ezi nkqubo kwakhona ekubhekiselelwe yokuba ukufunda ezizwe.

Imbali uyazi imizekelo emininzi wokubhanga kwezinye iintlanga kwaye ukuvela kwabanye. Ngokukodwa, njengangaphambili Thracians, Gauls, Meshchera, Bulgars, Meria, kunye nabanye. Namhlanje, kungenjalo. French wabonakala, Bulgarians, nangezinto nabanye. Oku ngenxa yeenkqubo ngokobuzwe, ezigcinwe kakhulu kwixesha elidlulileyo. Ukuba kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lethu. NgezoBomi bamele bazi ukuze ube nako ukulawula ngokupheleleyo nkampani. Isibakala sokuba underestimation wophuhliso kunye nokusebenza trends yobuhlanga kunokubangela zobuzwe, kwakunye nezinye izinto ezingalunganga, leyo kulibazisa yophuhliso lwentlalo ukwenza inkqubela. Le ngxaki isonjululwe ezizwe ngenzululwazi, enika izizathu uquko kumjikelo of Social Sciences.

Ezizwe kunye Ecology

Kunye ukusombulula iingxaki engxamisekileyo kokusingqongileyo namhlanje ulwazi ebaluleke kakhulu lweempawu yenkcubeko neyentlalo lwezizwana ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ngapha koko, ezi mpawu nefuthe kwicala umsebenzi yezoqoqosho, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, ichaphazela kakhulu indalo kunye neendawo. Ndingazazi izinto awohluke yenkcubeko neyentlalo izizwe, akakwazi kuyiphazamisa kwimisebenzi yabo ishishini. Umzekelo, musa siziguqulela abantu ungenzi nto ephila, ziyashukuma zibe abahlali entabeni ntlambo mkhulu kwaye t. D. Kuyinto izaliswe ilahleko ebalulekileyo yokuziphatha kunye noqoqosho. Akukho ngozi ukuba ixesha lethu kukho nenzululwazi entsha - bume yobuhlanga. Kuqwalaselwa iintlobo zonxibelelwano kunye nonxibelelwano olukhoyo phakathi indalo kwendawo umntu.

Ezizwe nepolitiki

Kodwa ayikho impendulo ngokupheleleyo umbuzo malunga intsingiselo ukufunda ezizwe. izifundo grade 5 imbali zikholisa zibanjwa othi "ezizwe", kodwa acinga ukuba yokuzenzisa kuphela. Ngelo xesha, ixabiso lale inzululwazi mkhulu kakhulu. Ngaphandle ingcamango awohluke yenkcubeko neyentlalo abantu ezahlukeneyo Umhlaba, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukuseka amaqhina inkcubeko, ezopolitiko kunye noqoqosho phakathi kwabo. Kwaye ngaphandle kwazo akunakwenzeka ukuba ukucinga kuphela uphuhliso loluntu, kodwa ikho. Ukuze uhlala kwindawo elungileyo kunye nobuhlobo kunye naluphi na uhlanga, kuyimfuneko ukwazi na. Oku kuyinyaniso ngakumbi kwiingingqi ngamazwe. Ngokuba apha ubomi abantu, ezahlukeneyo inkcubeko nolwimi.

ezizwe zomculo

Xa ndiqukumbela, siphawula ukuba kukho kwakhona ezinxulumene nezifundo le nenzululwazi ahlukeneyo, enye - a ezizwe somculo. Abanezakhono kwi zobugcisa zilungiswe ngayo conservatories. Mhlawumbi sele ugqibe izifundo ezizwe zomculo? Impendulo echanekileyo - intsomi umculo. Olu qeqesho ke kwisiphambuka iintsomi, ezizwe kunye musicology.

Njengoko ubona, ke ngoko, ukuba ufunda ezizwe, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusuka ngamehlo izinto ezenziwayo, kwaye kwiindawo ezininzi. Ngoko ke, ixabiso lale inzululwazi mkhulu kakhulu kwaye kuya kusoloko ezifanelekileyo.

Ngoko ke, siye saxubusha umbuzo nokuba ukufunda ezizwe. Impendulo, ndiyathemba wanelisekile, kwaye nkcukacha ziya kuba luncedo.