Yintoni ophikisana? Umbutho ophikisana kwi USSR

Kule mihla eSoviet Union ayikho bonke abantu ababehlala urhulumente ngokwanelisayo yangoku. Meni wabiza abantu abangazange ukuxhasa izimvo zopolitiko zabanye, kwaye urhulumente waseSoviet. Bona eyayingabachasi wangumququzeleli ubukomanisi kakuhle ngayo bonke abo ochukumise ngandlel na. Ngenxa yoko, urhulumente yiSoviet Union ayikwazanga ngoyaba Kwaya. abaphikisana Soviet wathi ngokuphandle ingongoma yakhe yezopolitiko ngayo. Ngamanye amaxesha ke zidityaniswe zibe imibutho yonke komhlaba. Ngenxa yoko, abasemagunyeni babatshutshisa kuqina ngumthetho.

"Kwaya Political"

abaphikisana Soviet balelwa ngokungqongqo. Nabani na babaphatha, ngokulula ukuthumela ikhonkco, kwaye maxa wambi nkqu adubule. Noko ke, Kwaya ngokufihlakeleyo yathatha kuphela de kube sekupheleni 50. Ukususela ngo-1960 de 1980, intshukumo ophikisana waba luncedo kakhulu kwi eqongeni zoluntu. Igama elithi "ophikisana lezopolitiko" wanikela urhulumente ezininzi iingxaki. Oku akumangalisi, kuba yazisa kuluntu izimvo zabo phantse kwindawo evulekileyo.

Ngeminyaka yee-1960 ukuba "ophikisana" wayesele esaziwa phantse wonke ummi, hayi kuphela USSR kodwa phesheya. Kwaya bahambisa amaphetshana, iileta eyimfihlo nevulelekileyo kwiinkampani ezininzi, kumaphepha-ndaba kunye nkqu kwiinkundla karhulumente. bazama nabo kangangoko oku kunokwenzeka, uze uthumele zibhabhayo ukuba baxele ukhona kwamanye amazwe ehlabathini.

sengqondo zikarhulumente uso

Ngoko ke yintoni i "ophikisana", yaye kuvela phi kule kota? It wangena ukusetyenziswa ekuqaleni 60 ukubhekisela kwiintshukumo anti-government. Kwakhona wayedla elithi "ophikisana lezopolitiko", kodwa ekuqaleni lalisetyenziswa kwamanye amazwe. Ekuhambeni kwexesha ngokwabo meni kwi eSoviet Union waqalisa ukuba bazibize.

Ngamanye amaxesha, urhulumente ngokubuziweyo kuqina nemigulukudu yokwenene, ebandakanyekileyo izenzo zabanqolobi, ezifana dubulo eMoscow ngonyaka yama-77. Noko ke, oku akunjalo. Njengoko nawuphi na umbutho, uso kwakukho imithetho yabo, singatsho imithetho. Ungakhetha indlela ibalulekileyo kubo: "Musa ukusebenzisa ubundlobongela," "action ngundaba", "Ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo oluntu nenkululeko" yaye "Ukuthobela Imithetho".

Eyona Umsebenzi lwentshukumo ophikisana

Eyona njongo iphambili yale Kwaya yaba ukwazisa abemi ukuba inkqubo wamaKomanisi iye yalupheleyo, kufakwe migangatho kufuneka eze kuvela ehlabathini yasentshona. umsebenzi wabo wenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo, kodwa ke ukupapashwa uncwadi kunye amaphetshana. Uso maxa wambi eziqokelelwe ngamaqela kunye nomboniso kuqhutywa.

Yintoni i "ophikisana" wayesele esaziwa phantse kulo lonke ihlabathi, yaye kuphela eSoviet Union baye ulinganiswa abanqolobi. Oko badla ngokuba uso, kodwa nje "anti-eSoviet" "nezinto anti-eSoviet". Enyanisweni, uso ezininzi ngaloo ndlela ngokwam, yaye ngokufuthi ekubhekiselelwe kwaye nethe kwenkcazo 'ophikisana ".

Aleksandr Isaevich Solzhenitsyn

Enye amalungu asebenzayo eli Movement uAleksandr Isaevich Solzhenitsyn. Ophikisana wazalwa ngo-1918. Aleksandr Isaevich waba kumphakathi uso ukuba ishumi leminyaka ngaphezu kwesinye. Wayengomnye iqela ezininzi nomculo kwenkqubo waseSoviet namandla Soviet. Sinokuthi, Solzhenitsyn wayengomnye baphembeleli lombutho ophikisana.

isiphelo ophikisana

Ngexesha Second World War, waya ngaphambili wonyuselwa isikhundla sokuba ukapteni. Noko ke, akazange akholiswe ezininzi ezenziwa Stalin. Nokuba ngexesha lemfazwe, wayiqhubela incoko umhlobo, nto leyo ngqwabalala bagxeka Iosifa Vissarionovicha. Ngaba wena a ophikisana ngayo amaphepha ahanjiswe amaphepha apho kuthelekiswa ulawulo Stalin kunye serfdom. Ngokutsho uxwebhu abaqeshwa abanomdla "Smersh". Emva kolu phando yaqala ngenxa apho Solzhenitsyn wabanjwa. Yena umnakekeli elikwinqanaba yomphathi, yaye ekupheleni kuka-1945 wagwetywa.

Ekugqibeleni, Aleksandr Isaevich wachitha phantse 8 iminyaka. Ngowe-1953, waza wakhululwa. Noko ke, nasemva kokuba isiphetho yena akazange watshintsha imbono yakhe sengqondo ukuya kulawulo eSoviet. Kungenzeka, kuphela Solzhenitsyn wayeqinisekile ukuba meni kwi eSoviet Union, abantu ixesha nzima.

Nokungalali ilungelo lokuba incwadi zomthetho

Aleksandr Isaevich livelise amanqaku amaninzi kwaye isebenza phezu kolawulo eSoviet. Nangona kunjalo, nokufika Brezhnev, yena ndayihluthwa ilungelo kupapasho esemthethweni amaxwebhu ayo. Kamva, iKGB athimba Solzhenitsyn onke amaxwebhu bakhe, nto leyo eziqulathwe ubuxoki anti-eSoviet, kodwa emva koko Solzhenitsyn thiki bayeke imisebenzi yabo. Waba ngenkuthalo inxaxheba kwiintshukumo zentlalo, ngokunjalo umculo. Aleksandr Isaevich wayezama ukubonisa wonke yintoni "ophikisana". Ngokuphathelele ezi ziganeko, urhulumente waseSoviet baqalisa ukuqonda Solzhenitsyn njenge utshaba kakhulu karhulumente.

Emva kokuba iincwadi Alexander ziye eUnited States ngaphandle kwemvume yakhe, wagxothwa Society eSoviet Writers '. Solzhenitsyn nxamnye imfazwe ulwazi yokwenene eSoviet Union eyehlela. intshukumo Anti-yiSoviet kwi-USSR abasemagunyeni ngakumbi nangakumbi andiyithandi. Ngenxa yoko, phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1970 kwi-iingcebiso le-Central Committee CPSU waphoselwa umbuzo yomsebenzi Solzhenitsyn kaThixo. Ekupheleni yenkongolo, kwagqitywa ukuba bambambe. Emva koko, Februwari 12 1974 unyaka Solzhenitsyn wabanjwa kwaye lobumi yakhe Soviet, yaye kamva wagxothwa USSR eJamani. Amagosa eKGB mathupha naye moya. kweentsuku ezimbini kamva, umthetho wakhutshwa ngenxa kokuthathwa kunye nokonakaliswa onke amaxwebhu, amanqaku kunye naluphi uncwadi anti-eSoviet. Yonke imicimbi zangaphakathi eSoviet Union ngoku nyonke "mfihlelo."