Itanki yokukhanya yeSoviet T-26. Itanki T-26: iimpawu, imbali yendalo, uyilo

ESoviet izithuthi ukukhanya ukulwa, esetyenziswa ezininzi kwiimpixano 1930 kunye Second World War, yaba T-26. le itanki yaveliswa ziyifunxe (iiyunithi ezingaphezulu kwama-11 000), kunalo naliphi na elinye ixesha. , Ngowe-1930 waba Ukrainian lunee ntlobo eSoviet Union 53 T-26 ziye, kuquka kwitanki flamethrower, injineli isithuthi ulupwa, neetanki-control, umpu self-ngokwaso, zokudubula itrekta kunye vehicles nabasebenzi yenethiwekhi. Engamashumi amabini anesithathu kubo zazifumaneka ngokorhwebo, kwaye abanye - neendlela zovavanyo.

original British

T-26 yaba ngere- - itanki British Marko-E, nolwathi lwaphuhliswa yinkampani "Vickers-Armstrong" ngo-1928-1929. Simple kwaye kulula ukuba agcine, ukuba ibiya kumazwe angaphandle ukuya kumazwe ngaphantsi kuphuhliswa ithekhinoloji: waseUSSR, Poland, Argentina, Brazil, eJapan, Thailand, China kunye nabanye abaninzi. "Vickers" kupapashwa itanki yakhe kwiimpapasho zomkhosi, kwaye eSoviet Union wavakalisa umdla kule kuphuhliso. Phantsi isivumelwano esatyikitywa May 28, 1930, inkampani zisiwe USSR 15 oomatshini inqaba ezimbini-(Uhlobo A, bexhobe ngemipu ezimbini ngomatshini, "Vickers" ukuvuleka 7.71 mm, amanzi-zipholile) kunye namaxwebhu yobugcisa epheleleyo imveliso yazo mass. Ukubakho ezinde ezibini sinokujikeleziswa ngokuzimeleyo bavunyelwe ukuba kutolwe zombini asekhohlo nasekunene ngexesha elinye, ngelo xesha ingqalelo inzuzo efanelekileyo ngokutyhoboza of kwiinqaba yasendle. iinjineli abaliqela yiSoviet inxaxheba kwindibano amatanki kwi "Vickers" mveliso ngo-1930. Kude ekupheleni kwalo nyaka kwi-USSR wafumana emine yokuqala Marko-E uhlobo A.

Ukuqhambuka yemveliso series

Kwi-USSR, ngoko nje ndisebenze uthumo olukhethekileyo, umsebenzi egama kukhetho kwamatanki wesinye ukuphindaphindeka. IsiNgesi Tank Marko-E lifumene amaxwebhu ukuba kwisikhundla okwethutyana B-26. Ebusika sele luqhutywa iminyaka 1930-1931 esizeni kufuphi Poklonnaya Gora uvavanyo ababini kwaba matshini, baye badlula ngempumelelo. Ngenxa yoko, ngoFebruwari, kwagqitywa ekubeni ukuqalisa imveliso yawo kwi-USSR phantsi T-26.

Itanki ye nebhetshi yokuqala yokulinga, turrets baxhotyiswa Soviet-eyenziwe, ivavanywe zokumelana umpu kunye umatshini-umpu umlilo ekupheleni kwehlobo ka-1931, yena emsebenzini zokuzenzela ne imipu machine "Mxim" kunye imijikelo eqhelekileyo weentonga-lihlaba ukusuka kumgama oziimitha ezingama-50. Kuye kwafumaniseka ukuba itanki ezinzileyo umlilo nomonakalo oluncinane (kuphela ezinye rivet zonakala). uhlalutyo lwekhemikhali wabonisa ukuba amacwecwe iintonga phambi zazenziwe isikrweqe engatyiwa, ngoxa ezinde uphahla kunye ipleyiti ezantsi ziye ezenziwe ngentsimbi zesiqhelo. Nangona imveliso weentonga Izhora yezityalo, asetyenziselwa imodeli yokuqala T-26, enasilela eziphucukileyo IsiNgesi ngenxa yokungabikho kwezixhobo metallurgical mihla kwi USSR.

Development of ukuguqulwa yokuqala ngo-1931

iinjineli eSoviet asingabo abo bawuva nje phindwa ton-6 "Vickers". Ziziphi izinto ezintsha abanazo kwi T-26? Itanki ngowe-1931, kwakunye prototype yayo yaseBritani, yaba uqwalaselo inqaba ezimbini-ngemipu ezimbini ngomatshini, omnye neenqaba ngamnye. Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwabo kukuba ebengaphezulu kunye slits mkhanya kwi-T-26 uqoqo. inqaba eSoviet waba elitywinwe ejikelezayo Degtyareva itanki umpu, ngokungafaniyo engunxantathu asetyenziswe ekwakheni yoqobo ukuya umpu yaseBritani "Vickers". nayo zatshintsha kancinane Inxalenye phambi komzimba.

Amatyala T-26 kunye ezinde ababini zaqokelelwa kusetyenziswa iipleyiti vehicles 13-15 mm riveted kwisakhelo amalungu yesinyithi. Oko kwanele ukumelana nomlilo umatshini-umpu. kwamatanki Ukukhanya USSR, kwenziwa ekupheleni ka 1932-1933, bobabini riveted nomzimba welding. Awukwazi uthi ngale mveliso omtsha. itanki eSoviet T-26 uphuhliso ngo-1931 waba ezinde ezimbini zezindlu, ekhwele phezu iibheringi ibhola; ngamnye ngokuzimeleyo ezinde zijikeleziswe 240 °. Zombini nenqaba angabonelela kwanesandi le jike ukudubula ngaphambili nangesemva (100 ° ngamnye). Yintoni na le ethile engundoqo yaba T-26? Nemboniselo ezimbini ngobuwena na isakhiwo inzima kakhulu, ukunciphisa inokuthenjwa. Ngaphezu koko, yonke firepower yetanki ayikwazanga kusetyenziswa kwicala elinye. Ngoko ke, ekuqaleni nenani-30 ehlabathini lonke washiya yoqwalaselo kwezithuthi yokulwa.

A T-26 iMono-Tower itanki ukukhanya

iimpawu alo ngcono kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa ne kwinqaba ezimbini-uqwalaselo. Iveliswe ukususela 1933, waba ekuqaleni inqaba zezindlu kunye umpu 20K imodeli, ukuvuleka 45 mm kunye umatshini enye nompu Degtyarev 7,62 mm. Le gun yaba ikopi eziphuculweyo anti-umpu 19K model (1932), yenye yezona ezinamandla ixesha layo. Kakhulu kwamanye amazwe ambalwa amatanki waba izixhobo ezifanayo, ukuba naziphi na aba. Ziziphi ezinye izixhobo nako ukuthwala entsha T-26? Itanki 1933 unokuba imipu ezintathu ezongezelelweyo-7.62 mm umatshini. Oku kwanda firepower iye zenzelwe ukunceda abasebenzi kwi ngokoyiswa kwi anti-amaqela ezizodwa, kuba original umatshini-gun kwezikhali kwakugqalwa ayonelanga. Ifoto ingezantsi ibonisa omnye imifuziselo ze-T-26, nto leyo eye imyuziyam itanki Kubinka, nguye ukuqokelelwa inkulu izithuthi kwezomkhosi ehlabathini.

Okulandelayo, makhe sithethe kwiimpawu zobugcisa.

Yintoni injini ukuba T-26

Iimpawu, ngelishwa kumiselwa inqanaba injini nkqu 20 zenkulungwane yama-20. Itanki yafakwa nge-4-itankana ipetroli benjini seelitha ezili-90. a. (67 kW) kunye Ukupholisa umoya, nto leyo epheleleyo ikopi injini "Armstrong Sidley" lisetyenziswa kwi-ton 6 "Vickers". Kuye elime kule ngingqi emva yitanki. iinjini itanki Early eSoviet-ezenziwe zaba mgangathweni, kodwa iye yangcono ukusukela 1934. itanki injini T-26 abazange babe limiter isantya, ngokufuthi kubangele nobushushu kunye umonakalo semigudu yayo, ingakumbi ehlotyeni. itanki yezibaso 182 yeelitha kunye iilitha kwitanki oli-27 bafakwa kufuphi injini. Wasebenzisa eliphezulu-octane,-ebizwa ngokuba Grozny ipetroli; ngokugcwalisa mandla yesibini kunokubangela umonakalo ivalve ngenxa detonation yayo. Kamva, oko yaqalisa itanki amafutha capacious ngakumbi (iilitha 290 endaweni ka-182 l). Ukupholisa injini fan sele ifakiwe phezu kwayo kwityala ekhethekileyo.

YokuGqithisela T-26 yayibandakanya olunye-disc a bamba elomileyo iklatshi engundoqo, ibhokisi kunye iigiyeri ezihlanu phambi etankini, uvale zabase ulawulo, uthumelo kunye iqela lokugqibela iziqhoboshi. Unikezelo kwakunxibelelene ukuba injini yi umngxuma drive ngokwandisa apha etankini. Lever ukutshintsha amagiya, yaye ekhwele ngqo kwi bhokisi.

Ukuphuculwa 1938-1939

Kulo nyaka, itanki eSoviet T-26 wafumana inqaba omtsha etsobhileyo kunye ukumelana ngcono nxamnye iimbumbulu, kodwa wahlala umzimba mnye nge welding, lowo umzekelo 1933, oku ngokwaneleyo, esibonisa ungquzulwano kunye militarists yaseJapan ngo-1938, ukuze itanki iye yaphuculwa kwakhona ngoFebruwari 1939. Ngoku ufumene phantsi-uqoqo ngemva kunye zabethabethana (23 °) 20 mm kwicala amacwecwe vehicles. Udonga zenza inqaba landile ukuya ku-20 mm kwi utyekelo degrees 18. Le itanki yakhethwa i T-26-1 (eyaziwa ngokuba T-26 imodeli 1939 kwi imithombo owayephila). Imizamo eyalandela ukomeleza lenjongo ngaphambili wahlala kungaqatshelwanga, njengoko imveliso T-26 kungekudala wayeka wakhetha kwezinye izakhiwo, ezifana ne T-34.

Ke kaloku, ubunzima kulwa i T-26 kwisithuba ukususela 1931 ukuya 1939 landa ukusuka 8 ukuya kwiitoni 10.25. Le ifoto ingezantsi ibonisa T-26 imodeli 1939, yena, ngasendleleni, kwakhona ukusuka kwingqokelela, leyo inkulu itanki imyuziyam kwihlabathi Kubinka.

Njengoko bali laqala ukulwa T-26

Light itanki T-26 okokuqala wathabatha inxaxheba ekulweni ebudeni bemfazwe yamakhaya eSpeyin. Ke eSoviet Union, ukuqalela ngo-Oktobha 1936, wamnikela urhulumente yayo republic, abangama-imifuziselo 281 lweetanki ngo 1933

Nebhetshi yokuqala amatanki Republican Spain wasiwa-Oktobha 13, 1936 kwisixeko kwizibuko Cartagena; amahlanu-T-26 kunye abaza kuzisebenzisa, iimbumbulu, amafutha kunye namavolontiya malunga 80 phantsi umyalelo alimwi 8 eyahlukileyo wabacimi imishini Kol S. Krivosheina.

I wokuqala umatshini yiSoviet, umise e Cartagena, zaye yenzelwe ukulungiselela kwitanki wesizwe, kodwa imeko Madrid iye entsonkothileyo kakhulu, ngoko kwiitanki elinesihlanu yokuqala zigcinwa inkampani itanki, wazithwala umyalelo umthetheli eSoviet Pol Arman (nokwehla Latvian, kodwa wakhulela e France) .

Armand Roth waya isenzo-Oktobha 29, 1936 km 30 kumzantsi-ntshona of Madrid. Elinambini T-26 eziphuhliswa km 35 ngexesha kugqogqa-ezilishumi waza wenza ebonakalayo ilahleko Frankists (boyiswa malunga ezimbini kumaqela yaseMorocco owamahashe, ezimbini nomkhosi nomkhosi; imipu endle-75 mm elinambini, ezintweni ezine CV-33, kunye neelori amabini ukuya kumashumi amathathu kunye nomkhosi iimpahla zitshatyalalisiwe okanye yonakele), ukulahlekelwa amathathu T-26 ipetroli yi iziqhushumbisi nomlilo zokudubula.

Kwimeko yokuqala eyaziwayo yegusha ukushaya emfazweni itanki kwenzeka ngomhla xa itanki webutho, uLieutenant Semena Osadchego wachaswa tankettes ezimbini Italian CV-33, afake kubo ebisenyobeni encinane. Amalungu ezinye wedgies yabasebenzi babulawa ngomlilo ngumatshini-umpu.

Machine Captain Armand yatshiswa ipetroli ukuqhushumba, kodwa umphathi elimele Waqhubeka ebakhokela inkampani. tank wakhe uye watshabalalisa enye ezonakeleyo noxolelwano ezimbini CV-33 shaka umlilo. NgoDisemba 31, 1936 Captain P. Arman ufumene Star of Hero eSoviet Union ngenxa ekuhlaseleni, kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba ukuziphendulela Madrid. November 17, 1936 Elucweyweni Armand wayeneminyaka emihlanu kuphela amatanki ukulwa lokulungela.

T-26 ka-zazisetyenziswa phantse yonke imisebenzi yamajoni kweMfazwe Civil and wabonisa ukongama German Panzer Division kunye namatanki ukukhanya Italian tankettes CV-33, bexhobile kuphela ngemipu machine. Ngexesha Battle of Guadalajara T-26 noludumileyo sekucaca kangangokuba abayili Italian babephefumlelwe ukuphuhlisa kuqala itanki efanayo Italian medium "Kwiat M13 / 40"

"... yaye saya phantsi samurai phantsi koxinzelelo ngentsimbi nomlilo"

La magama uyaziwa phakathi kwenkulungwane lokugqibela, iingoma ibonisa inxalenye kwamatanki ukukhanya impixano T-26 eSoviet-Japanese, eqhubekileyo imbali kulwa na matanki. Eyokuqala kwezi yaba ingxabano ngoJulayi 1938 kufuphi Lake Hassan. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kulo wabacimi we2 imishini kwaye ithathele ezimbini Itanki eyahlukileyo waba amatanki 257 kuphela T-26.

izicima 2 imishini kwakhona kutshanje lityumbe abasebenzi umyalelo omtsha, 99% kobume bayo zangaphambili umyalelo (kuquka umphathi brigade P. Panfilov) babanjwa kwiintsuku ezintathu iintshaba abantu ukuba zityumbe abantu abayakungena kwizikhundla ekulweni. Oku kuye kube nefuthe elibi izenzo isicima ngexesha ungquzulwano (umzekelo, amatanki wawo iiyure ezili-11, ukuze ngalo hambo-km 45 ngenxa yokungazi bomgaqo). Ngexesha uhlasele Japanese-eyayibanjwe Akanalo kunye Zaozernaya iinduli kwamatanki eSoviet badibana kunye ukuziphendulela kakuhle anti-itanki. Ngenxa yoko, amatanki 76 no-9 bayazonakalisa itshiswe. Emva kokuba ndiluphelisile ukulwa, 39 kwezi iitanki sele ihlawulwe kwi iiyunithi kwitanki, kunye nabanye - kwakulungiswa kumgangatho evenkileni.

A Inani elincinane lamatanki T-26 kunye flamethrower esekelwe phezu kwabo bathatha inxaxheba imfazwe nxamnye nemikhosi Japanese kwi Khalkhin Goal ngo-1939. oomatshini bethu imfazwe baba sesichengeni kubabulali kwitanki amaqela Japanese, bexhobile, kunye Molotov cocktails. Xa welds libya kuhlala izikhewu iipleyiti isikrweqe, nepetroli lokunyibilikisa lula zifakwe kwi gumbi enqanaweni kunye gumbi injini. 37mm uhlobo kunaso 95 kwitanki lung Japanese, nangona umlinganiselo walo laliphakathi kwakhona elasebenzayo nxamnye T-26.

Ngomhla olwandulela Second World War

Ngomhla olwandulela kweMfazwe Yehlabathi-2, i-Red Army waba malunga 8500 T-26 kuzo zonke iinguqulelo. Ngeli xesha, T-26-e ngokuyintloko zikomiti zezifundo ezahlukeneyo ngokukhanyisa amatanki (iqela ngalinye 256-267 T-26) kunye nomkhosi eyahlukileyo itanki yoqhekeko umpu (amatanki 10-15). Yaba uhlobo iiyunithi itanki inxaxheba kweli phulo kwimimandla esentshona Ukraine kunye Belarus ngoSeptemba 1939. ilahleko Mortal ePoland elinesihlanu kuphela T-26 ka-. Kunjalo, 302 kwamatanki ubunzima iintsilelo zobugcisa kwi hambo.

Baya inxaxheba kwiMfazwe Winter ngoDisemba 1939 - Matshi 1940 kunye eFinland. imikhosi Ukukhanya vehicles bebexhotyiswa imifuziselo ezahlukeneyo lamatanki, kuquka ezimbini loqwalaselo iMono-inqaba, eziveliswa ukususela 1931 ukuya 1939. Ezinye ithathele bebexhotyiswa oomatshini ezindala ikakhulu ze 1931-1936 gg. Kodwa abanye iiyunithi Itanki bebexhotyiswa imodeli entsha ka-1939 Xa zizonke, inxalenye Lenvoenokruga wababala ekuqaleni kwemfazwe iiyunithi 848 ka-T-26. Kunye ne BT ne T-28 aba yinxalenye amandla lokuqala ngexesha lekhefu umgca Mannerheim.

Le imfazwe lubonise ukuba T-26 lixesha kunye noovimba design ediniwe. guns antitank Finnish ukuvuleka 37 mm kwaye nkqu-20 mm afohlela antitank ngokulula angena isikrweqe antipulevuyu obhityileyo T-26, kunye namalungu zixhotyiswe nabo, baye balahlekelwa kakhulu ngexesha kwizixekoapho i Mannerheim Line, nokulenya-bafake umatshini ngokwesiseko i T-26 isisu semoto wadlala kuyo indima ebalulekileyo.

KweMfazwe Yehlabathi II - imfazwe yokugqibela T-26 ka-

T-26-E sisiseko imikhosi transport ye-Red Army kwiinyanga zokuqala ngokuhlaselwa German eSoviet Union ngowe-1941. NgoJuni 1, kwisiphekepheke waba 10.268 kwamatanki ukukhanya T-26 zonke iimodeli, kuquka izithuthi vehicles kwisisu semoto lwabo. Abaninzi kubo liqulethe kwezithuthi ukulwa angaphathi imishini yiSoviet kwizithili emdeni emkhosini. Umzekelo, i-Military District Special Western, waba 1136 loo oomatshini nge-22 Juni 1941 (52% yabo bonke amatanki kwisithili). Lilonke, kwaba 4875 kwamatanki ezinjalo kwizithili zomkhosi yasentshona on June 1, 1941. Noko ke, abanye kuwo akakholwanga alungele ukulwa ngenxa yokunqongophala izahlulo, ezifana neebhetri, imibungu kunye namavili ezinqunquthayo. ethile ziye zakhokelela ukuba ukungahoywa 30% ye ekhoyo T-26 ka-yokungenzi. Ukongeza, malunga ne-30% ye-matanki ezikhoyo ezenziwa ngo-1931-1934 kwaye ediniwe ubomi enkonzweni yawo. Ngenxa yoko, kwizithili ezintlanu Soviet lwasentshona yasemkhosini malunga 3100-3200 T-26 zonke iimodeli zikwimeko entle (malunga nama-40% of izixhobo), nto leyo kuphela ngaphantsi kancinci kunenani kwamatanki German yenzelwe ayehlasela eSoviet Union.

T-26 (Model 1938/1939 i-. Ngokukodwa) nako ukumthintela ezininzi kwamatanki German ngo-1941, kodwa ke imodeli obuphantsi Panzer III kunye Panzer IV, inxaxheba "Operation Barbarossa" ngoJuni 1941. Kwaye zonke iiyunithi itanki ye-Red Army ubunzima ilahleko enkulu ngenxa epheleleyo umoya ukongama isiJamani "Luftwaffe". Uninzi T-26 zaye yalahleka kwiinyanga zokuqala yemfazwe, isikakhulu ukusetyenziswa kweziqhushumbisi koombayimbayi kotshaba kusehla nomoya. Abaninzi wazidiliza ngenxa yezizathu zobugcisa ngenxa yokungabikho abaza kuzisebenzisa.

Noko ke, kwiinyanga zokuqala yemfazwe, kwaye siyazi ezininzi izigigaba ukumelana yobuqhawe abahlaseli ngokungenalusini karhulumente itanki eSoviet T-26 ka-. Ngokomzekelo, indibano 55 nomkhosi Panzer equlathe elinesibhozo iMono-Tower T-26 elinesibhozo nenqaba ezimbini-, lo gama ezifikelela iyindawo umbayimbayi 117th iyantlukwano kummandla Zhlobin wabatshabalalisa elinesixhenxe oomatshini German.

Nangona ilahleko, i T-26 kodwa izizathu yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye imikhosi transport ye-Red Army ekwindla ka-1941 (kweza ezininzi zobugcisa ezivela kwizithili zangaphakathi emkhosini - Central Asia, lo Urals, eSiberia, waza ngenxalenye ukusuka Far East). Ngexesha lemfazwe, T-26 zaye indawo T34 ayenamandla. Kwakhona bathathe inxaxheba ekulweni amaJamani kunye namahlakani abo emfazweni phakathi kufuphi eMoscow ngo-1941-1942., kweli dabi Stalingrad kunye Battle of the eCaucasus ngo-1942-1943. iiyunithi itanki eziliqela Leningrad Front wasebenzisa amatanki zabo T-26 de 1944.

Ekubulaleni Japanese Kwantung Army in naseManchuria ngo-Agasti 1945 ukuba usebenze kanzima lokugqibela ngawo zazisetyenziswa. Ngokubanzi, kufanele kuqatshelwe, imbali kwamatanki - into ukwazi.