Yiyiphi imibuzo iphendulwe yi geography mihla? Indima kunye nophuhliso georgafii lwangoku

Igama elithi "geography" kunye ulwimi lesiGrike elithetha "inkcazelo umhlaba." Le isayensi, njengoko Kukholelwa ukuba zazivela kumaxesha amandulo. Ngaphambili, yena wenza imisebenzi emininzi eyahlukileyo ngoku. Yiyiphi imibuzo iphendulwe yi geography mihla? Oko kwenza yaye yintoni iingxaki zisonjululwe? Makhe sibone oko phandle.

izolo Geography

Eqhelekileyo kuthi zemvelo, izenzakalo (ezifana nemvula, umoya okanye inyikima) abantu bamandulo baxakwe kakhulu. Babengenako ukucacisa imvelaphi yabo, kwaye ke ngoko boyika. Kamva, abantu wasungula oothixo yini na, ababekholelwa uxanduva la.

Kukholelwa ukuba inzululwazi yejografi 'yasungulwa "mandulo umphengululi ongumGrike Eratosthenes kwi BC ngenkulungwane yesithathu. geography bamandulo Siphumeze lukhulu. Ngokukodwa, iimephu ezininzi zaye zaqulunqwa, uququzelelo zamanqaku zimisele, wabeka phambili iingcebiso njengoko umfuziselo woMhlaba kunye nesakhiwo yayo yangaphakathi, amalinge okuqala zenziwa ukulinganisa yoMgaqo iplanethi yethu. Ingxenye quantum elandelayo kuphuhliso yejografi sele kwenzeka le Renaissance.

Eratosthenes, likaHerodotus, uKlawudiyo Ptolemy, kweMercator Gerhard, uKarl Ritter, uAleksandr Gumboldt, uMikhail Lomonosov, Vladimir Vernadsky - onke la magama abhalwe ngoonobumba zegolide kwimbali lwesifundo.

Yiyiphi imibuzo iphendulwe yi geography mihla? Kwaye yintoni isimilo yayo ezithile njengendlela inzululwazi? Oku kuza kuxutyushwa ngakumbi.

geography namhlanje

geography Modern - inzululwazi ukwabiwa ngeziganeko zendalo kunye nezentlalo noqoqosho emajukujukwini. It ufunda ubudlelwane phakathi indalo kunye nomntu, ululeka kakuhle indlela yokusebenzisa izibonelelo zoluntu iplanethi yethu.

Ukuphuhliswa kwendawo mihla kwenzeka ngokusebenzisana ngokusondeleleneyo kunye nezinye iinkalo: physics, ezoqoqosho, imichiza, imbali, ngezengqondo njalo njalo. Ewe, yaye ngoku liye inkqubo kwaye olubanzi isicelo amashishini Sciences.

Ngokubanzi, kwendawo namhlanje lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe kumacandelo amabini amakhulu:

• geography Physical (ngokuphonononga iinkqubo zendalo kunye nezimo).
• geography kwezentlalo noqoqosho (yabantu zokufunda kunye nemisebenzi yezoqoqosho boluntu).

Ntoni kwendawo mihla?

Geography, kwakunye nayiphi na inzululwazi, ihamba phambili nokuphuhlisa. Noko ke, loo nto iye igcinwe kukuthenjwa eziyimpumelelo izazinzulu ze neminyaka edlulileyo. Nangakumbi, lo mgaqo ukufunda neenkqubo ngokwemiqathango kudaleka, wabeka umva Ritter kunye Humboldt, ndizilandile nje kumaphononongo eendawo mihla.

Yiyiphi imibuzo iphendulwe yi geography mihla? Ukuba ngaphambili ukuba ufuna iimpendulo ngokuyintloko lo mbuzo "apho?", Namhlanje ukuba unomdla kakhulu ingxaki "kutheni" yaye "njani?".

Namhlanje kukho izinto ezimbini eziphambili kuphuhliso yenzululwazi eendawo. Okokuqala - oku luhlaza izifundo zayo zonke. Eyesibini, yeyokuba kwendawo kule mihla kuluntu post-mveliso buya practical ngakumbi. It zithanda icandelo lawo abucala - esimi ekuthiwa-qhinga. Uye wayefunda iimpawu engqongileyo eendawo, kwakunye okubonisa ifuthe lazo kuluntu.

KwiJografi mihla theoretical component iingxoxo ezininzi shushu kunokubangela iingxaki zilandelayo:

• ingxaki yinto enye yesifundo;
• Ingxaki umanyano kwendawo;
• ingxaki le iziseko zeentanda-Geography;
• ingxaki practical yenzululwazi kunye nabanye.

inzululwazi Geographical, enyanisweni, sele ekho phantse ezimbini ezinesiqingatha iminyaka eliwaka. Kodwa namhlanje, izazinzulu ezininzi umbuzo: ingaba okanye ukwabela le inzululwazi ngokubanzi? Ngaba esimi ilungelo lokuba khona zokwenene namhlanje? Lo mbandela ngowona utshisa ibunzi.

Iya isanda, kwindawo zejografi mihla weva amagama afana "ububanzi", "geosystem", "Geopolitics", "isicwangciso" njalo-njalo. N.

Ekuphetheni ...

Indima kwendawo kwihlabathi mihla mkhulu kakhulu. Ngapha koko, ngenkulungwane xxi, kuba ubona i Umhlaba kungekuphela nje umhlaba eyesithathu eLangeni, yaye ikhaya, kwikhaya labantu billion ezisixhenxe. Nokuba kwendawo namhlanje ngakumbi kunayo nayiphi na enye lijongene nenzululwazi ingxaki ifoun unxulumano "womntu - indalo" system.

Yiyiphi imibuzo iphendulwe yi geography mihla? Namhlanje, yena ufuna iimpendulo nje kuphela kumbuzo yayo zemveli "apho?". Kananjalo uzama ukucacisa i "kutheni" yaye "njani?", Ufundisa ubuntu eyiyo yokusetyenziswa izipho endalo.