Yiyiphi isizathu esona sizathu sokuhlukaniswa kwecawa? Ukwahlula kwecawa yamaKristu

Ibandla lamaKristu alizange lihlangane. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhumbuza, ukuze ungangeni kwizinto ezigqithiseleyo, ngokuqhelekileyo kuqhutyelwa kwimbali yale nkolo. Kucacile kwiTestamente Entsha ukuba abafundi bakaYesu Kristu nangona bomi bakhe babephikisana malunga nobani phakathi kwabo kubaluleke ngakumbi kwaye kubalulekile kuluntu olusenyakatho. Ababini babo-uYohane noYakobi-bacela itrone phantsi kwesandla sokunene nesokunxele sikaKristu ebukumkanini obuzayo. Emva kokufa komsunguli, into yokuqala amaKristu aqala ukuyenza kukuba ukwabelana ngamaqela ahlukeneyo. Incwadi yeZenzo kunye nee-Epistles of the Apostles zixela abapostile abaninzi bamanga, abachasayo, abavela kumaKristu okuqala basekela uluntu. Ewe, bajonga abalobi beetestamente eNtsha kunye noluntu lwabo ngendlela efanayo - njengengingqi yolwazi kunye nezobuchule. Kutheni le nto yenzeke kwaye yayiyiphi isizathu esona sizathu sokuhlukanisa iicawa?

Icawa yexesha laseDonic

Siyazi kakhulu malunga nento eyenza ubuKristu ngaphambi komnyaka we-325. Siyazi nje ukuba lo ngumesiya we-Messianic ngaphakathi kobuYuda, okwakusungulwa ngumshumayeli ojikelezayo ogama linguYesu. Imfundiso yakhe yamkelwa yininzi yamaYuda, kwaye uYesu ngokwakhe wabethelelwa esiphambanweni. Noko ke, abalandeli abambalwa, bathi, wayevukile kwabafileyo waza wamxelela ukuba unguMesiya, abaprofeti abathembisayo baseTanaki baza baza basindise ihlabathi. Ejongene nokuchaswa ngokupheleleyo phakathi kwabantu bakubo, basasaza intshumayelo yabo phakathi kweentlanga, phakathi kwabo abaninzi abaye bazinikela.

Amaqela okuqala phakathi kwamaKristu

Kwinkqubo yale mishini, ukuhlukana kokuqala kwecawa yobuKristu kwenzeka. Ukuya kushumayela, abapostile babengenayo i-prescription codified kunye nemigaqo jikelele yokushumayela. Ngenxa yoko, bashumayela uKristu ohlukile, iingcamango ezahlukeneyo kunye neengcamango zokhuseleko kunye nokunyanzelisa izibophelelo eziphathekayo kunye nezenkolo kubaguquleli abatsha. Abanye babo baphoxisa amaKristu avela kwiintlanga ukuba abaluke, ukugcina imithetho yekashrut, ukugcina iSabatha nokuzalisekisa ezinye izigwebo zomthetho kaMoses. Abanye, ngokuchaseneyo, banqumla zonke iimfuno zeTestamente Endala kungekhona kuphela kubaguquleli abatsha beeNtlanga, kodwa nakwabo. Ukongezelela, omnye umntu wayebhekisele uKrestu njengoMesiya, umprofeti, kodwa ngelo xesha ndoda indoda, kwaye umntu waqala ukumnika iimpawu zikaThixo. Ngokukhawuleza kwavela iingcamango ezingathandabuzekiyo, njengokuzalwa kwentombi, amabali ngeziganeko ukususela ebuntwaneni nakwezinye izinto. Ukongezelela, inxaxheba kaKristu yokuncedisa yahlolwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Konke oku kwakhokelela ekuchaseni okukhulu kunye neenkqubela kumaKristu okuqala waza waqalisa ukwahlukana kwecawa yamaKristu.

Ukususela kwiTestamente elitsha , ukungafani kwezimbono (ukusahlukana komnye nomnye) kubonakala ngokucacileyo phakathi kwabapostile uPetros, uYakobi noPawulos. Abaphengululi banamhlanje abafundela ukwahlula kwamabandla bahlabelela ngamasebe amane angundoqo asebuKristwini kweli nqanaba. Ukongeza kwezi nkokheli ezintathu ezikhankanywe ngasentla, zongeza iofisi kaJohn - nayo ibambene ngokuzimeleyo kunye nokuzimela ngokuzimeleyo kuluntu. Yonke into yendalo, ecinga ukuba uKristu akazange ashiye iphini okanye umlandeli, kwaye akazange anikeze nayiphi na imiyalelo efanelekileyo malunga nenkonzo yecawa yamakholwa. Uluntu olutsha lwaluzimeleyo ngokupheleleyo, luthobela kuphela igunya lomshumayeli owamisela kunye neenkokheli ezikhethiweyo ngaphakathi. I-Theology, isenzo kunye neetitoriki yayinokubunjwa okuzimeleyo kuluntu ngalunye. Ngako oko, iziqendu zokuhlukana zazikho kwimimandla yobuKristu ukususela ekuqaleni kwaye zazihlala ziyimfundiso.

Ixesha le Postlokey

Emva kokuba umbusi uConstantine asemthethweni ubuKristu, kwaye emva kwe-325, xa ibhunga lokuqala lobufundisi lwenzeka kwisixeko saseNicaea, iqela lama-orthodox eliye lazuza kulo lifumanisa uninzi lwezinye izikhokelo zobuKristu bokuqala. Kwaye kwasala, kwaye yaba yizonyanzelo kwaye yahlanjululwa. Iinkokheli zamaKristu kumntu wabhishophu zanikwa isikhundla seemagosa karhulumente nazo zonke iziphumo zomthetho zesithuba sabo esitsha. Ekugqibeleni, umbuzo wesakhiwo solawulo kunye nokulawulwa kweCawa kwavela kunye nobunzulu. Ukuba kwixesha elidlulileyo izizathu zokwahlula kweeCawa zaziyimfundiso kunye nokuziphatha, ngoko kwi-post-yobuzwe yobuKristu enye injongo ebalulekileyo yongezwa - ezopolitiko. Ngoko, ngaphandle kwecawa yecingo, kwakukho iKatolika yama-Orthodox engavumi ukuthobela umbhishophu wakhe, okanye umbhishophu ngokwakhe, ongazange aqonde igunya lomthetho phezu kwakhe, umzekelo, umzi omkhulu.

Ukwahlula kwexesha lokuthunyelwa kwe-Enlisian

Sifumene ukuba yiyiphi isizathu esona sizathu sokuhlukana kwecawa ngeli xesha. Nangona kunjalo, abefundisi bazama ukupenda iinjongo zezopolitiko kwiimfundiso. Ngako oko, eli xesha linikela imizekelo yamanani amaninzi kakhulu kunzima ngokuhlukana kwabo - iArian (ngegama lomphathi wayo, umbingeleli uAria), i-Nestorian (egameni lomsunguli-unzalamizi uNestorius), i-Monophysite (egama lemfundiso yendalo enye kuKristu) nabanye abaninzi.

Great Schism

Ukwahlukana okubaluleke kakhulu kwimbali yobuKristu kwenzeka ngexesha lokuqala kweyesibini leminyaka yesibini. Isonto elinye lamaKatolika lama-Katolika lama-1054 lahlukaniswa libe ziindawo ezimbini ezizimeleyo-empuma, ngoku kuthiwa yiCawa yama-Orthodox, kwaye isentshonalanga, eyaziwayo njengeCawa yamaRoma Katolika.

Izizathu zenkxaso ye-1054

Ngamafutshane, isizathu esiyinhloko sokuhlukaniswa kwecawa ngo-1054 yizopolitiko. Inyaniso kukuba uBukumkani baseRoma ngelo xesha kwakuzimbini ezizimeleyo. Inxalenye yaseMpuma yolawulo - i-Byzantium - u-Kesare ogwebileyo, isihlalo sakhe sobukhosi kunye nesikhungo sokulawula saseConstantinople. Umlawuli wayeyinhloko yecawa. Ubukhosi baseNtshona bulawulwa nguBhishophu waseRoma, owagxininisa amandla omhlaba kunye nokomoya ezandleni zakhe, kwaye ubiza amagunya kunye necawa zaseByzantine. Ngaloo ndlela, ngokukhawuleza, kungekudala kwakukho iingxabano kunye neengxabano, ezichazwe kumabango amabandla. I-petty, eqinisweni, i-nitpicking yabangela ukuxabana okukhulu.

Ekugqibeleni, ngo-1053 eConstantinople ngokwemyalelo kaMatrikali uMichael Kerularia zonke iithempelini zesiRatin zavalwa. Ephendula, uPapa Leo IX wathumela i-ambassy ehamba phambili yiKhadi likaHumbert kwi-capital yaseByzantium, eyamgxotha uMichael ebandleni. Ekuphenduleni, oomkhulu-ntaphana wadibanisa i-cathedral kunye nemigqaliselo yamaphepha epalati. Ngokukhawuleza kule nto ayizange ihlawule ingqalelo, kwaye ubudlelwane be-inter-esontlalweni beqhubeka kwindlela eqhelekileyo. Kodwa iminyaka engamashumi amabini emva koko ingxabano yokuqala encinci yaqala ukugqitywa njengesahluko esisisiseko secawa yobuKristu.

Ulungiso

Inqaku elilandelayo elibalulekileyo ebuKristwini kukuvela kweProtestanti. Oku kwenzeka kwi-30 ye-XVI leminyaka, xa umlawuli waseJamani we-Augustinian Order evukela igunya lobhishophu waseRoma waza wazama ukugxeka ininzi yemfundiso, isiluleko, ukuziphatha kunye nezinye izinto zeCawa yamaKatolika. Yisiphi isizathu esona sizathu sokuhlukana kwamabandla ngeli xesha kunzima ukuphendula ngokungahambi kakuhle. ULuther wayengumKristu oqinisekileyo, kwaye kuye injongo ebalulekileyo yayiyimzabalazo yokuhlanzeka kokholo.

Enyanisweni, ukunyakaza kwakhe kwakungumbutho wezopolitiko wokukhulula iicawa zaseJamani ukusuka kwigunya likaPapa. Kwaye, oku ke, kwasusa izandla zamandla, asisanyanzelwanga yimfuno zaseRoma. Ngezizathu ezifanayo, amaProthestani aqhubeka ezahlukana. Ngokukhawuleza kwiindawo ezininzi zaseYurophu zaqala ukubonakala ziingcamango zabo zobuProtestanti. Icawa yamaKatolika yaqala ukuphazamisa kwiindawo zokuhlala - amazwe amaninzi awela ngaphandle kwefuthe leempembelelo zaseRoma, abanye babesecaleni. AmaProtestanti ngokwawo awazange abe negunya elilodwa lokomoya, akukho nkonzo yezolawulo olulodwa, kwaye oku ngenxalenye yayifana neengxabano zombutho zobuKristu bokuqala. Imeko efanayo ikhona kwimeko yawo namhlanje.

Ukuhlaselwa kwangoku

Yiyiphi isizathu esona sizathu sokwahlukana kweecawa kwi-eras yangaphambili, sifunde. Yintoni eyenzekayo ngobuKristu kule ntetho namhlanje? Okokuqala nokuphambili, kufuneka kuthiwe akuzange kubekho iSchism ebalulekileyo ukusuka kwiNguqulelo. Iicawa ezikhoyo ziyaqhubeka ziyahlukana ngamaqela amancinci afanayo. Phakathi kwamaOthodoki, kwakukho amaKhule amadala, amaKhalenda adala kunye neCacacomb schisms, amaqela amaninzi ahluke kwiCawa yamaKatolika, kwaye amaProtestanti akwazi ukuhlukana ngokukhawuleza, eqala ukubonakala kwawo. Namhlanje, inani lamaProthestani ngamashumi amabini amawaka. Nangona kunjalo, akukho nto ebonakalayo entsha, ngaphandle kwemibutho emininzi yobuKristu njengeCawa yamaMormon namaNgqina kaYehova.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba, okokuqala, namhlanje iicawa ezininzi azixhunyeki kunye nolawulo lwezopolitiko kwaye zahlukana nelizwe. Kwaye okwesibini, kukho inququzelelo yebandla efuna ukudibanisa, ukuba ingahlanganisi iicawa ezahlukeneyo. Kule miqathango, isizathu esona sizathu sokuhlula iicawa kucinga. Namhlanje abantu bambalwa kakhulu bahlaziye ngokugqithiseleyo ukuhlaziywa kwemfundiso, kodwa iimpendulo ezinkulu zifunyenwe yiminyango yohlengahlengiso lwabesetyhini, umtshato womtshato wesini, njl njl. Ekuphenduleni oku, iqela ngalinye lihlula kwabanye, lithatha isikhundla salo, lugcina ngokubanzi imfundiso yobuKristu inviolable.