Zehydrochloric acid: iipropati physico-lwekhemikhali, ukulungiswa kunye nokusetyenziswa

zehydrochloric acid wamandla isetyenziswa kuhlalutyo zamayeza, ngeenjongo zonyango kusetyenziswa yaze yangxenga ifuthe lomanyano. In Pharmacopeia State iitafile ezizodwa apho kunokuqatshelwa isiqulatho ipesenti acid yezisombululo zolwelo. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka nje ukwazi yayo womxhuzulane ethile.

Ukusebenzisa le theyibhile, unako bekulula ukukhangela yoxinaniso yezisombululo acid. Eqhelekileyo izisombululo (hayi ichanekile ngokwaneleyo) acid ingaba ngokukhawuleza kusetyenziswa iindlela eziqhelekileyo. Umzekelo, zehydrochloric acid kukho ubunzima ethile 1.19, ngamanye eziqulathe 37% HC1. Zicinge ukuba kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela 100 ml ka-10% acid. Ukwenza njalo, yenza umlinganiselo ohambelana: ngo-100 zonke iindawo ngokobunzima ekhoyo HC1 eziqulethwe iinxalenye 37 hydrogen chloride. Ngenxa yokuba kufuneka silungise isisombululo-10%, oko kufuneka namalungu ezilishumi nganye iinxalenye ezimakhulu ubunzima isicombululo.

Ngoko ke, kule meko X - lixabiso eza kubonisa indlela ukuthatha iinxalenye ngokobunzima isisombululo 37 ekhulwini kubo, ngokuxuba ngamanzi kwiindawo 100 ngokobunzima, ukufumana isisombululo-10%:

100-37

X-10

X = 100 iindawo * 10/37 = 27 ngokobunzima.

Hydrogen chloride - kweziyobisi kakhulu eziyityhefu esinokubangela ukutsha kakhulu kwakunye eziphilayo letyhefu yonke. Njengoko alikaziwa yingozi ukusetyenziswa HC1 magnesia. Ukuze yokungenelela esiti nazo zinokusetyenziswa ngamanzi anesepha, kutshizwa amalahle isilwanyana, ubisi, izinto ezahlukeneyo inwenwa.

asidi ukunxila ngomlomo kufuneka ingamiselwa emetics, kwakunye nokusetyenziswa ichiza ngaphakathi equlethe kwealkali nezihlwahlwazayo. Ukuba ubuthi isisu wahlanjwa imali njengomvumbi yamanzi kunye probe. iziphumo ezintle ezifunyenwe ngokudibanisa amanzi wemagniziyam oxide ukungcola. Phambi amanxeba asidi yangaphandle, amagqirha bacebisa indawo ukoyiswa ixesha elide ukuba ahlambe ngamanzi. INKUNDLA litshise umtya lwayo nyulu baligalele ecocekileyo uze iwise oluludaka sodium yesoda, kwaye phezu kwayo - igozi utywala.

Hydrogen chloride enyibilikayo ngokupheleleyo emanzini. Xa 0 C ͦ omnye umthamo wamanzi iyachithakala imiqulu ezilikhulu yigesi. Xa amayeza, kushishino kunye nkqu kuqoqosho lwesizwe isoloko kakhulu kusetyenziswa zehydrochloric acid. ifomula wayo imelwe hydrogen kunye halo - C1.

HC1 Iqulunqwe engundoqo kushishino iikhemikhali hlorovodorodistogo igesi wendele ngamanzi. Chloride, hydrogen iveliswa ngokuhlanganisa sulphuric acid kunye sodium chloride.

Purity Test

Kukho ezinye iimfuno:

- zehydrochloric acid kumafa yayo ayiqulathanga iityuwa enzima metal, nitric, oxide kunye acids sulphurous, yeKhlorini free kunye esiyityhefu;

- kuvunyelwa kuphela imizila ingabalulekanga kuzo iityuwa zesinyithi, ubumdaka C1 free iya kuvulwa ukusabela: C12 + 12 + 2K1-2KS1;

- yokumisela nezingcoliso acid ilungiswe isisombululo kabi iodine potassium iodide Isalathisi - sodium tashi umbala oluhlaza isicombululo phambi sulphurous iasidi eyome ngaphakathi imizuzwana 30

- intsalela ebalulekileyo ngumphunga-10 iigrem acid mayingagqithi 0,01 ekhulwini (ubumdaka kwezimbiwa).

Uhlalutyo ubuninzi olwenziwe titration kunye nesisombululo sodium hayidroksayidi phambi Isalathisi methyl orange. HC1 wavumela umxholo asidi 24,8-25,2%.

Zehydrochloric acid iqukiwe ekwakhiweni kunye ulwelo eziphilayo. Ngokomzekelo, xa incindi esiswini, eyavela Kuxhomekeke ku 0.5%, oko kuyanceda ukwaphula phantsi iiprothini. Ukuxuba HC1 (8.2%) xa elawulwa ngaphakathi iyazingenela ukuguquka pepsinogen (proenzyme) zibe pepsin, iphucula umsebenzi secretory zepancreas, ikhuthaza intshukumo imixholo isisu ukuya emathunjini. Liveza i isiphumo antibacterial ngokunxulumene kwezityalo kunye ibihlungu microflora. Le asidi aziswa ngomlomo ngenxa ubumuncu yancitshiswa, ngokuba asiyi ukunyanga ayoni anemia.